Deck 1: Keys to the Study of Chemistry

Question 1

Which one of the following is a "substance" in the sense of the word as used in your textbook?

A)air
B)tap water
C)sea water
D)water
E)toothpaste

Answer 1

water

Question 2

Which of the following activities is not a part of good science?

A)proposing a theory
B)developing a hypothesis
C)making quantitative observations
D)designing experiments
E)indulging in speculation

Answer 2

indulging in speculation

Question 3

Which of the following represents the largest volume?

A)10,000 µL
B)1000 pL
C)100 mL
D)10 nL
E)10 cm³

Answer 3

100 mL

Question 4

Which of the following is a chemical change?

A)boiling of water
B)melting wax
C)broiling a steak on a grill
D)condensing water vapor into rainfall
E)carving a piece of wood

Question 5

The density of mercury,the only metal to exist as a liquid at room temperature,is 13.6 g/cm³.What is that density in pounds per cubic inch?

A)849 lb/in³
B)491 lb/in³
C)376 lb/in³
D)0.491 lb/in³
E)1.83 $\times$ 10^-3 lb/in³

Question 6

The distance between carbon atoms in ethylene is 134 picometers.Which of the following expresses that distance in meters?

A)1.34 $\times$ 10^-13 m
B)1.34 $\times$ 10^-12 m
C)1.34 $\times$ 10^-10 m
D)1.34 $\times$ 10^-7 m
E)1.34 $\times$ 10^-6 m

Question 7

The mass of a sample is 550 milligrams.Which of the following expresses that mass in kilograms?

A)5.5 $\times$ 10⁸ kg
B)5.5 $\times$ 10⁵ kg
C)5.5 $\times$ 10^-4 kg
D)5.5 $\times$ 10^-6 kg
E)5.5 $\times$ 10^-1 kg

Question 8

Water vapor is less dense than ice because

A)molecules in the gas phase are in constant motion.
B)molecules in the gas phase have more potential energy than in solids.
C)molecules in the gas phase have more kinetic energy than in solids.
D)gaseous molecules have less mass.
E)molecules in the gas phase have more space between them than in solids.

Question 9

Select the best statement.

A)Chemical changes provide the only valid basis for identification of a substance.
B)Chemical changes are easily reversed by altering the temperature of the system.
C)Chemical changes always produce substances different from the starting materials.
D)Chemical changes are associated primarily with extensive properties.
E)Chemical changes are accompanied by changes in the total mass of the substances involved.

Question 10

The average distance between the Earth and the Moon is 240,000 miles.Express this distance in kilometers.

A)6.1 $\times$ 10⁵ km
B)5.3 $\times$ 10⁵ km
C)3.9 $\times$ l0⁵ km
D)1.5 $\times$ 10⁵ km
E)9.4 $\times$ 10⁴ km

Question 11

The speed needed to escape the pull of Earth^'s gravity is 11.3 km/s.What is this speed in mi/h?

A)65,500 mi/h
B)25,300 mi/h
C)18,200 mi/h
D)1,090 mi/h
E)5.02 $\times$ 10^-3 mi/h

Question 12

A dose of medication was prescribed to be 35 microliters.Which of the following expresses that volume in centiliters?

A)3.5 $\times$ 10⁵ cL
B)3.5 $\times$ 10⁴ cL
C)3.5 cL
D)3.5 $\times$ 10^-4 cL
E)3.5 $\times$ 10^-3 cL

Question 13

You prepare 1000.mL of tea and transfer it to a 1.00 quart pitcher for storage.Which of the following statements is true?

A)The pitcher will be filled to 100% of its capacity with no tea spilled.
B)The pitcher will be filled to about 95% of its capacity.
C)The pitcher will be filled to about 50% of its capacity.
D)The pitcher will be completely filled and a small amount of tea will overflow.
E)The pitcher will be completely filled and most of the tea will overflow.

Question 14

Given that 1 inch = 2.54 cm,1 cm³ is equal to

A)16.4 in³
B)6.45 in³
C)0.394 in³
D)0.155 in³
E)0.0610 in³

Question 15

In an average year the American chemical industry produces more than 9.5 million metric tons of sodium carbonate.Over half of this is used in the manufacture of glass while another third is used in the production of detergents and other chemicals.How many pounds of sodium carbonate are produced annually?

A)2.1 $\times$ 10¹⁰ lb
B)4.3 $\times$ 10⁹ lb
C)1.1 $\times$ 10⁷ lb
D)2.2 $\times$ 10⁶ lb
E)2.1 $\times$ 10⁴ lb

Question 16

During the swing of a frictionless pendulum,what energy form(s)remain constant?

A)kinetic energy only
B)potential energy only
C)both kinetic energy and potential energy
D)kinetic plus potential energy
E)None of these forms remains constant.

Question 17

Select the best statement.

A)Physical changes may be reversed by changing the temperature.
B)Physical changes alter the composition of the substances involved.
C)Physical properties are not valid characteristics for identifying a substance.
D)Physical properties are mostly extensive in nature.
E)Physical changes are usually accompanied by chemical changes.

Question 18

The area of a 15-inch pizza is 176.7 in².Express this area in square centimeters.

A)1140.cm²
B)448.8 cm²
C)96.8 cm²
D)69.57 cm²
E)27.39 cm²

Question 19

A large pizza has a diameter of 15 inches.Express this diameter in centimeters.

A)38 cm
B)24 cm
C)18 cm
D)9.3 cm
E)5.9 cm

Question 20

The average distance from Earth to the Sun is 150 megameters.What is that distance in meters?

A)1.5 $\times$ 10⁸ m
B)1.5 $\times$ 10⁶ m
C)1.5 $\times$ 10⁵ m
D)1.5 $\times$ 10³ m
E)1.5 $\times$ 10^-6 m

Question 21

Express 96,342 m using 2 significant figures.

A)9.60 $\times$ 10⁴ m
B)9.6 $\times$ 10⁴ m
C)9.60 $\times$ 10^-4 m
D)9.6 $\times$ 10^-4 m
E)96,000.m

Question 22

The appropriate number of significant figures in the result of 15.234 $\times$ 15.208 is

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 23

Talc is a mineral that has low conductivity for heat and electricity and that is not attacked by acid.It is used as talcum powder and face powder.A sample of talc weighs 35.97 g in air and 13.65 g in mineral oil (d = 1.75 g/cm³).What is the density of talc?

A)4.61 g/cm³
B)2.82 g/cm³
C)2.63 g/cm³
D)2.44 g/cm³
E)1.61 g/cm³

Question 24

The result of (3.8621 $\times$ 1.5630)- 5.98 is properly written as

A)0.06
B)0.056
C)0.0565
D)0.05646
E)0.056462

Question 25

Which of the following is an extensive property of oxygen?

A)boiling point
B)temperature
C)average kinetic energy of molecules
D)density
E)mass

Question 26

The S.I.base unit of mass is

A)mg
B)g
C)kg
D)metric ton
E)lb

Question 27

Isopropyl alcohol,commonly known as rubbing alcohol,boils at 82.4°C.What is the boiling point in kelvins?

A)387.6 K
B)355.6 K
C)323.6 K
D)190.8 K
E)-190.8 K

Question 28

Select the answer that expresses the result of this calculation with the correct number of significant figures and with correct units.

A)105.2 g/cm³
B)105.2 g/cm²
C)105.2 g/cm
D)72.13 g/cm²
E)72.13 g/cm

Question 29

The S.I.unit of speed (velocity)is

A)km/h
B)km/s
C)m/h
D)m/s
E)none of these choices is correct

Question 30

Which of the following is not an S.I.base unit?

A)meter
B)ampere
C)second
D)gram
E)kelvin

Question 31

The S.I.prefix mega- (M)means

A)10^-6
B)10^-3
C)10³
D)10⁶
E)10⁹

Question 32

Acetone,which is used as a solvent and as a reactant in the manufacture of Plexiglas®,boils at 56.1°C.What is the boiling point in degrees Fahrenheit?

A)159°F
B)133°F
C)101°F
D)69.0°F
E)43.4°F

Question 33

At a pressure of one billionth (10^-9)of atmospheric pressure,there are about 2.7 $\times$ 10¹⁰ molecules in one cubic centimeter of a gas.How many molecules is this per cubic meter?

A)2.7 $\times$ 10¹⁶
B)2.7 $\times$ 10¹⁴
C)2.7 $\times$ 10¹²
D)2.7 $\times$ 10⁸
E)2.7 $\times$ 10⁴

Question 34

Which measurement is expressed to 4 significant figures?

A)0.00423 kg
B)24.049 cm
C)1300 K
D)82,306 m
E)62.40 g

Question 35

Acetic acid boils at 244.2°F.What is its boiling point in degrees Celsius?

A)382.0°C
B)167.7°C
C)153.4°C
D)117.9°C
E)103.7°C

Question 36

The appropriate number of significant figures in the result of 15.234 - 15.208 is

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 37

If the price of gold at the morning fixing in London was $5310 per lb,what would a kilogram of gold have cost in £ (pounds)? (Assume an exchange rate of $1.00 = £0.545)

A)£1310
B)£3510
C)£6370
D)£10400
E)£17100

Question 38

Select the answer that expresses the result of this calculation with the correct number of significant figures.

A)13.3568
B)13.357
C)13.36
D)13.4
E)13

Question 39

Select the answer with the correct number of decimal places for the following sum:

A)269.01860 cm
B)269.0186 cm
C)269.019 cm
D)269.02 cm
E)269.0 cm

Question 40

A flask has a mass of 78.23 g when empty and 593.63 g when filled with water.When the same flask is filled with concentrated sulfuric acid,H₂SO₄,its mass is 1026.57 g.What is the density of concentrated sulfuric acid? (Assume water has a density of 1.00 g/cm³ at the temperature of the measurement. )

A)1.992 g/cm³
B)1.840 g/cm³
C)1.729 g/cm³
D)1.598 g/cm³
E)0.543 g/cm³

Question 41

The ripening of fruit,once picked,is an example of physical change.

Question 42

Write the following numbers and results in standard notation,with appropriate significant figures.
a.7.85 $\times$ 10^-3
b.7.85 $\times$ 10⁴
c.5.920 $\times$ 10³
d.
e.7.00 $\times$ 10^-5
f.circumference of a circle,2 $\pi$ r,where r = 8.7 cm
g.

Question 43

Briefly explain the relationship between hypothesis and experiment in the scientific method.

Question 44

Write the following numbers and results in scientific notation,with appropriate significant figures.
a.654
b.1234560
c.0.000000673
d.0.002590
e.200.4
f.260.0
g. $\pi$ r ²,where r = 8.7 cm
h.23.24 + 18.6 - 5

Question 45

Which of the following correctly expresses 52,030.2 m in scientific notation?

A)5.20302 $\times$ 10⁴ m
B)5.20302 $\times$ 10⁵ m
C)5.203 $\times$ 10⁴ m
D)5.20 $\times$ 10⁴ m
E)5.2 $\times$ 10⁴ m

Question 46

Bud N.Chemist must determine the density of a mineral sample.His four trials yield densities of 4.77 g/cm³,4.67 g/cm³,4.69 g/cm³,and 4.81 g/cm³.Independent studies found the correct density to be 4.75 g/cm³.Which of the following statements represents the best analysis of the data?

A)Bud's results have much greater accuracy than precision.
B)Bud's results have much greater precision than accuracy.
C)Bud's results have high accuracy and high precision.
D)Bud's results have low accuracy and low precision.
E)Bud's equipment is faulty.

Question 47

The potential energy of a car moving on a level road does not depend on its speed.

Question 48

As part of an experiment to determine the density of a new plastic developed in her laboratory,Sara Ann Dippity measures the volume of a solid sample.Her four trials yield volumes of 12.37 cm³,12.41 cm³,12.39 cm³,and 12.38 cm³.Measurements of other scientists in the lab give an average volume of 12.49 cm³.Which of the following statements represents the best analysis of the data?

A)Sara's results have low precision and high accuracy.
B)Sara's results have high precision and high accuracy.
C)Sara's results have greater precision than accuracy.
D)Sara's results have greater accuracy than precision.
E)Sara has been using a faulty instrument to measure the volume.

Question 49

Which of the following correctly expresses 0.000007913 g in scientific notation?

A)7.913 $\times$ 10⁶ g
B)7.913 $\times$ 10⁵ g
C)7.913 $\times$ 10^-5 g
D)7.913 $\times$ 10^-6 g
E)7.913 $\times$ 10^-9 g

Question 50

As chief chemist at Superior Analytical Products (SAP)you must design an experiment to determine the density of an unknown liquid to three (3)significant figures.The density is of the order of 1 g/cm³.You have approximately 7 mL of the liquid and only graduated cylinders and balances are available for your use.Which of the following combinations of equipment will allow you to meet but not exceed your goal?

A)Graduated cylinder with ±0.1 mL uncertainty;balance with ±0.1 g uncertainty
B)Graduated cylinder with ±0.01 mL uncertainty;balance with ±0.1 g uncertainty
C)Graduated cylinder with ±0.01 mL uncertainty;balance with ±0.01 g uncertainty
D)Graduated cylinder with ±0.001 mL uncertainty;balance with ±0.001 g uncertainty
E)Graduated cylinder with ±0.1 mL uncertainty;balance with ±0.001 g uncertainty

Question 51

When a wooden match burns in air,chemical potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.

Question 52

Give an example of a physical property and a chemical property of each of the following:
a.oxygen gas
b.octane
c.copper

Question 53

The S.I.unit of energy is the joule,J.1 J = 1 kg·m²/s².Another energy unit,the erg,was once in widespread use.1 erg = 1 g·cm²/s².Calculate the number of ergs in 1 J,showing all your work.

Question 54

An important aim in much chemical work is to use macroscopic measurements in order to gain an understanding of the microscopic world.

Question 55

When applying the scientific method,it is important to avoid any form of hypothesis.

Question 56

Use the relationship between temperatures in Celsius and Fahrenheit to calculate the temperature at which
a.the numerical value is the same on both scales.
b.the Fahrenheit number is exactly twice the Celsius number.

Question 57

Calculate (to three significant figures)the numerical part of the conversion factors needed to carry out the following unit conversions:
a.density in g/cm³ to kg/m³
b.speed in mi/h to ft/s
c.area in km² to mi²
d.area in km² to cm²
e.mass/area of aluminum foil in mg/cm² to g/m²
f.number of gas molecules per unit volume from /m³ to /ft³
g.number of bacteria per unit area on a microscope slide from /mm² to /in²

Question 58

In each of the sets below,choose the one quantity or number which is exact.
a.(i. )the human population
(ii. )the distance in light years from the sun to Alpha Centauri,a nearby star
(iii. )the winning time for the 100 m dash in the Olympic Games
b.(i. )the weight of a particular one cent coin in g
(ii. )the boiling point of lead,in °C
(iii. )the number of cm in 1 yd
c.(i. )the measured value of the speed of light (2.998... $\times$ 10⁸ m/s)
(ii. ) $\pi$ (3.141... )
(iii. )the volume of milk in a 1-gallon jug

Question 59

Classify the following properties of hydrogen gas as either intensive or extensive.
a.the mass of the gas sample
b.the average speed of a molecule in the sample
c.temperature
d.density
e.number of molecules present

Question 60

An evacuated 276 mL glass bulb weighs 129.6375 g.Filled with an unknown gas,the bulb weighs 130.0318 g.Calculate the gas density in g/L,and express it with an appropriate number of significant figures.

Question 61

The number 6.0448,rounded to 2 decimal places,becomes 6.05.

Question 62

The numerical value of any temperature expressed in Celsius is always different from the numerical value of the same temperature in kelvin.

Question 63

The number 6.0448,rounded to 3 decimal places,becomes 6.045.

Question 64

The weight of a coin measured as 1.96235 g on one balance is definitely more accurate than a weight measurement of 1.95 g on another balance.

Question 65

The numerical value of any temperature expressed in Celsius is always different from the numerical value of the same temperature in Fahrenheit.

Question 66

When applying the scientific method,a model or theory should be based on experimental data.