Deck 11: Learners Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing

Question 1

Most speech sounds have frequencies (pitch)in the range of

A)50-500 Hz.
B)100-900 Hz.
C)250-1,000 Hz.
D)500-2,000 Hz.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The most frequent viral cause of deafness in newborns is

A)otitis media.
B)maternal rubella.
C)congenital herpes.
D)congenital cytomegalovirus.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Simon has a hearing loss that occurred when he was seven years old. His loss is best described as

A)conductive.
B)sensorineural.
C)congenital.
D)postlingual.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to the U.S. Department of Education, what percentage of students are identified as deaf or hard of hearing?

A)14%
B)0)14%
C)1)4%
D)0)014%

Question 5

The ossicles function to create

A)increased sense of balance.
B)electrical impulse being sent to the brain.
C)transfer of energy from the middle to the inner ear.
D)movement of the stapes.

Question 6

The "speech reception threshold" is best defined as the

A)dB level at which one can understand speech.
B)intensity and frequency of spoken English.
C)Hz level at which the average person can detect sound.
D)level at which the human ear can discriminate between similar sounds.

Question 7

A condition in which the external auditory canal does not form is

A)atresia
B)otitis
C)anoxia
D)atrium

Question 8

When testing the hearing of a two-year-old child, an audiologist should avoid use of which type of audiometry?

A)brain-stem-evoked response
B)speech
C)tympanometry
D)conditioned play

Question 9

The most important organ for hearing is the

A)cerumen.
B)tympanic membrane.
C)vestibular mechanism.
D)cochlea.

Question 10

The term "hard of hearing" is used to describe people with hearing impairment who

A)were not born deaf but became deaf later in life.
B)have a mild hearing loss.
C)have a conductive hearing loss.
D)have enough residual hearing to process sound with a hearing aid.

Question 11

Pure-tone audiometry establishes

A)detection and understanding of speech.
B)threshold for hearing at various frequencies.
C)kinds of hearing tests to be used.
D)presence of the Moro reflex.

Question 12

Ideally, screening tests for babies should follow a

A)2-4-6 month rule
B)1-3-6 month rule
C)2-4-6 week rule
D)1-3-6 week rule

Question 13

All of the following are problems associated with inner ear hearing loss EXCEPT

A)sound distortion.
B)balance problems.
C)ringing noises.
D)draining fluid.

Question 14

The most severe hearing impairments are associated with which part of the ear?

A)middle ear
B)eardrum
C)inner ear
D)outer ear

Question 15

From an educational point of view, how is "deafness" best defined?

A)a condition present since birth
B)an inability to understand speech even with a hearing aid
C)a hearing loss of more than 90 dB in at least one ear
D)a condition of old age

Question 16

From the physiological perspective, the distinction between "deaf" and "hard of hearing" is based on

A)decibels levels detected.
B)frequency of sounds detected.
C)location of hearing loss.
D)language ability.

Question 17

People who say that deafness should not be considered a disability argue that

A)there is a difference between prelingual and postlingual deafness.
B)they should be considered a cultural minority with a language of their own.
C)there are advantages to being deaf, so it is not a disability.
D)although deafness is a handicap, it is not a disability.

Question 18

Which one of the following interferes with the functioning of the outer ear?

A)mumps
B)swimmer's ear
C)allergies
D)perforation of the eardrum

Question 19

Joanne is a nine-year-old girl with a hearing loss. She can hear loud voices if they are within a foot of her ear and can hear environmental sounds, though she usually can't identify them. What degree of hearing loss does Joanne appear to have?

A)mild
B)marked
C)severe
D)extreme

Question 20

All of the following identify the location of hearing loss EXCEPT

A)conductive.
B)mixed.
C)sensorineural.
D)adventitious.

Question 21

All of the following factors identify the Deaf community as a true culture EXCEPT

A)voluntary organizational networks such as National Theater of the Deaf.
B)historical awareness documenting people and events significant to deafness.
C)predominant pattern of intermarriage with people outside of the Deaf community.
D)well-established behavioral guidelines with regard to such things as eye contact and physical touching.

Question 22

Each of the following is true about individuals with hearing loss EXCEPT

A)They reach the same language development milestones in sign as children without hearing loss do in spoken language, but at a slower rate.
B)They reach the same language development milestones in sign at the same time as children without hearing loss do in spoken language.
C)They are at a distinct disadvantage regarding acquisition of spoken language.
D)They are at a distinct disadvantage regarding acquisition of English language comprehension.

Question 23

Virtually all new television programs are captioned for use by people with hearing impairment. Federal law requires that TVs over 13 inches must

A)contain a chip that produces captions.
B)come with a decoder.
C)come with a VCR.
D)come with a teletypewriter.

Question 24

A particularly controversial point of view held by many members of the Deaf culture is that

A)children should not receive cochlear implants to improve their hearing.
B)parents should not permit children who are deaf to learn English.
C)all students who are deaf should attend residential schools until the age of 16.
D)all citizens should be required to learn American Sign Language.

Question 25

Each of the following statements about signing English systems is true EXCEPT

A)They are the type of manualism most often used in total communication.
B)They follow the same word order as spoken English.
C)They include fingerspelling.
D)They are more fluent than ASL.

Question 26

A TT is a device for

A)decoding closed captions on TV.
B)accessing teletext service.
C)printing sign language texts.
D)communicating via telephone.

Question 27

FM systems are used in conjunction with hearing aids to

A)amplify sound.
B)increase reverberation.
C)provide individualized instruction.
D)broadcast the schedule of daily events.

Question 28

Signs in American Sign Language consist of each of the following EXCEPT

A)handshape.
B)location.
C)intensity.
D)movement.

Question 29

Among students who are deaf, those who achieve the highest levels of literacy tend to have

A)hearing parents who teach them how to speak.
B)parents who are deaf who teach them ASL.
C)brothers and sisters who are hearing.
D)parents who communicate with them using both ASL and speech.

Question 30

The genetic engineering debate regarding Deaf activism refers to members of the Deaf community who want to

A)eliminate embryos that do not have a gene associated with deafness
B)physically alter a gene to cause a baby to be deaf
C)eradicate deafness in vitro
D)deliberately increase their chances of having a deaf child

Question 31

Which academic area is most affected by deafness?

A)spelling
B)writing
C)reading
D)math

Question 32

The two factors that seem to have a positive effect on social adjustment are

A)more inclusion with hearing peers and having parents who hear
B)more inclusion with hearing peers and having parents who are deaf
C)less inclusion with hearing peers and having parents who hear
D)less inclusion with hearing peers and having parents who are deaf

Question 33

The total communication approach utilizes

A)Braille and manual communication.
B)sign language and a typewriter.
C)a telephone and a computer.
D)oral and manual communication.

Question 34

When performance tests, rather than verbal tests, are used,

A)the IQ scores of both those who are hearing and those who are deaf are lower.
B)the IQ scores of those who are deaf are lower than those who are hearing.
C)the IQ scores of those who are deaf are higher than those who are hearing.
D)there is no difference in IQ between those who are deaf and those who are hearing.

Question 35

Whether a person thinks of himself or herself as deaf is referred to as

A)behavioral deafness.
B)vestibular deafness.
C)attitudinal deafness.
D)associative deafness.

Question 36

The auditory-verbal approach encourages children with hearing impairment to

A)depend on their peers for sound cues.
B)use their residual hearing.
C)learn sign language as quickly as possible.
D)focus on visual cues.

Question 37

Each of the following is true about sign language EXCEPT

A)It is a primitive, visual representation of oral language similar to mime.
B)It has grammatical structure at the sentence level and the word level.
C)There is no universal sign language.
D)Twins who are born deaf develop a signing system, but it is rudimentary and less sophisticated than ASL.

Question 38

Teaching people with hearing impairments to use visual information (such as facial expressions)to understand what is being said to them is

A)speechreading.
B)lipreading.
C)face reading.
D)gestural reading.

Question 39

The rationale behind a bicultural-bilingual approach is

A)teaching the history of the Deaf culture instead of that of the dominant culture.
B)providing a foundation in spoken English to serve as a basis for ASL
C)providing a foundation in ASL to serve as a basis for learning English.
D)encouraging hearing people to learn ASL as a second language.

Question 40

Currently, approximately what percentage of students with hearing impairments attends their local schools?

A)86%
B)8%
C)10%
D)50%

Question 41

Students with hearing loss are served in special schools or residential settings more than any other disability category.

Question 42

From an educational perspective, deafness is defined as a hearing loss of more than 90 dB in either ear.

Question 43

Many in the Deaf community believe that residential schools for children who are deaf are necessary to

A)perpetuate the Deaf culture and use of ASL.
B)ensure that students learn age-appropriate social skills.
C)provide the intensity of instruction needed to acquire life skills.
D)overcome the negative effects of many home situations.

Question 44

Frank, who is deaf, is the six-month-old son of hearing parents. To interact effectively with Frank, his parents should

A)emphasize lip movements.
B)encourage verbal babbling.
C)attend to eye gaze.
D)avoid use of speech.

Question 45

A signing system that maintains the same word order as spoken English is

A)ASL.
B)fingerspelling.
C)transliteration.
D)English Sign Language (ESL).

Question 46

Most people who are deaf have some residual hearing.

Question 47

Children with deafness who have parents who are also deaf

A)develop language more slowly than do infants with deafness who have hearing parents.
B)tend to be overly dependent on their parents when they reach school age.
C)develop ASL at a rate similar to the rate at which hearing infants develop English.
D)have difficulty relating to hearing children when placed in mainstream preschool settings.

Question 48

A mutation in the connexin-26 gene is the most common cause of congenital deafness.

Question 49

The focus of early intervention for children with hearing impairments is on

A)social skills.
B)language development.
C)play.
D)concept acquisition.

Question 50

Children who are deaf reach language development milestones in sign later than hearing children do in spoken language.

Question 51

National statistics indicate that 95 percent of adults who are deaf choose deaf spouses. What percentage of the offspring from these marriages has normal hearing?

A)10%
B)5%
C)50%
D)90%

Question 52

Students who are deaf who do not go on to postsecondary training may face increased obstacles to employment in the future because

A)increasingly few employers are willing to employ workers who sign.
B)the manual trades that they typically prepare for are disappearing.
C)antidiscrimination laws do not cover students with inadequate training.
D)there will be increased competition for the same jobs by individuals with other disabilities.

Question 53

Which statement about the assessment of progress of students who have hearing impairments is true?

A)Curriculum-based measurement is not an appropriate method for measuring reading fluency for these students.
B)Most standardized assessments are biased towards the majority culture.
C)Research does not support the development of phonics-based reading skills for these students.
D)Several standardized measures of reading ability are available for these students.

Question 54

Most standardized assessments are biased against learners who are deaf or hard of hearing.

Question 55

Intellectual development is dependent on the acquisition of spoken language.

Question 56

Speechreading is used by the majority of people with hearing impairments.

Question 57

When performance tests are used, there is no difference in IQ between those who are deaf and those who are hearing.

Question 58

In recent years, many parents and professionals have questioned the trend toward inclusion of children with hearing impairment because

A)it creates too much work for the regular teacher.
B)they do not get along with the other students.
C)it reduces their opportunity to participate in the signing community.
D)they do not have the cognitive or academic skills to succeed in the mainstream.

Question 59

Until the mid-1960s the only institution specifically for postsecondary education of students with hearing impairments was

A)Rochester.
B)Gallaudet.
C)Stanford.
D)Georgetown.

Question 60

Children who are deaf who have parents who are deaf have higher reading achievement than those who have hearing parents.

Question 61

Discuss the effects of hearing impairment on intellectual development and describe recent changes in knowledge associated with this issue.

Question 62

Describe four factors that demarcate the Deaf community as a true culture.

Question 63

Describe the process of hearing within the context of the anatomy and physiology of the ear.

Question 64

Why are pure-tone audiometry and speech audiometry typically not used with very young children or children with some disabilities?

Question 65

Describe advantages and disadvantages of the approaches to communication: oral (auditory-verbal approach), total, or bicultural-bilingual.

Question 66

Identify and describe two factors that affect the social adjustment of individuals with hearing impairment.

Question 67

Compare and contrast American Sign Language and signing English systems: As communication systems, what features do they share? What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of each for students with deafness?

Question 68

Describe the challenge faced by students with hearing impairment with respect to postsecondary education and employment.

Question 69

There is considerable disagreement among professionals and parents with respect to inclusion for students who are deaf. Describe two arguments against inclusion for these students.

Question 70

Why is language development so controversial for parents and professionals in early intervention?