Deck 8: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language

Question 1

One explanation for schizophrenia holds that schizophrenic individuals have difficulty in filtering their attention.This is most closely related to the concept of

A)cognitive economy.
B)schema development.
C)chunking.
D)top-down processing.

Answer 1

cognitive economy.

Question 2

Which of the following brain areas is primarily involved in speech comprehension?

A)Corpus's area
B)Wernicke's area
C)Broca's area
D)Munchausen's area

Answer 2

Wernicke's area

Question 3

People with cancer tend to be more optimistic if their doctor says "You are 90% certain to survive" as opposed to "There is a 1 in 10 chance you will die." This is an example of

A)poor bedside manners.
B)a heuristic.
C)framing information.
D)developing a healthful concept.

Answer 3

framing information.

Question 4

Eduardo is from Brazil.He is fluent in both Portuguese and English.When he uses English to speak to you of his home in Brazil,he seems to have trouble remembering details.Yet when he is speaking Portuguese to another Brazilian,he has no trouble remembering.This phenomenon can be best explained by

A)linguistic determinism.
B)linguistic relativity.
C)extralinguistic information.
D)cryptophasia.

Question 5

Much of our language use serves non-informational purposes,such as

A)establishing or maintaining social relationships.
B)telling the barista that we want a skim latte.
C)advising a friend what time to show up at a party.
D)providing directions to an event.

Question 6

E-mail can often lead to misunderstandings.This is because

A)it lacks extralinguistic information.
B)people misspell more often with e-mail than with pen-and-paper writing.
C)of decreasing literacy levels.
D)most people read e-mail more rapidly than other written forms.

Question 7

The average reader uses _____ to read the vast majority of printed words.

A)phonetic decomposition
B)whole word recognition
C)surface salience
D)the representativeness heuristic

Question 8

The average college student reads at a rate of about _____ words per minute.

A)50-100
B)100-150
C)150-200
D)200-300

Question 9

Even those who are well-skilled at reading lips can only pick up about _____ percent of what is being said because most of our verbal expression is done inside of the mouth.

A)5-10
B)10-20
C)20-30
D)30-35

Question 10

A loose screw on the visor causes it to drop down while Ben drives; however,he keeps forgetting to take a screwdriver out to the car to fix it.When he notices the visor drop again,he reaches into his pocket for a dime,which he uses to tighten the screw holding the visor.What problem-solving difficulty did Ben overcome?

A)Relative comparison
B)Functional fixedness
C)Poor problem representation
D)The representative heuristic