Deck 12: Interteam Relations

Question 1

In regard to post-merger behavior, people who belong to high-status premerger groups are __________ to identify with the new group, and __________ to show bias against their post-merger group.

A) less likely; more likely
B) more likely; less likely
C) less likely; less likely
D) more likely; more likely

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Realistic conflict is conflict __________; symbolic conflict is conflict __________.

A) that occurs in in-groups; that occurs with out-groups
B) that occurs with out-groups; that occurs with in-groups
C) based on scarce resources; based on values and beliefs
D) based on values and beliefs; based on scarce resources

Answer 2

C

Question 3

All of the following are disadvantages related to biases associated with the categorization process EXCEPT?

A) it lessens the need to consider the out-group member's point of view.
B) members of out-groups are more extremely evaluated.
C) stereotypes are used to predict people's behavior.
D) can help groups achieve their goals, protect their interests, and clarify communication needs.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

One implication of the optimal distinctiveness model is that to secure loyalty, teams must not only satisfy members' needs for affiliation and belonging within a group, but must also:

A) maintain high levels of cohesion.
B) establish a good record of performance.
C) contribute to the greater good of the team.
D) maintain clear boundaries that differentiate them from other groups.

Question 5

All of the following are documented biases that can emerge in intergroup conflict EXCEPT:

A) stereotyping.
B) in-group bias.
C) racism.
D) out-group heterogeneity bias.

Question 6

Joe was born into a wealthy family who are Catholics. Which of the following characteristics ascribe advantages to Joe in an unearned way?

A) Effort
B) Ability
C) Religion
D) Individual merit

Question 7

The team discontinuity effect is the fact that:

A) teams who perform particularly well are more likely to act in a competitive fashion with other teams.
B) if the task holds constant, people in teams behave more competitively toward one another as compared to individuals.
C) people in teams lose their self-identity the longer they have been a member of the team.
D) teams often begin by cooperating with others, but eventually start competing with others.

Question 8

__________ occurs when people who are not directly harmed by a rival group seek retribution against members of that out-group, who were not the original perpetrators of the initial attack on the in-group.

A) Vicarious retribution
B) Team discontinuity effect
C) Extremism
D) Collective narcissism

Question 9

This self-concept is achieved by assimilating with significant others, and is based on personalized bonds of attachment. This is best termed as:

A) individual self.
B) relational self.
C) collective self.
D) cognitive identity.

Question 10

An investigation of the Western Cannon Debate a dispute concerning the choice of books in introductory civilization and literature courses) found what results?

A) Extremism-people on opposing sides of the debate exaggerated the actual differences.
B) Symbolism-people on opposing sides of the debate were focused on symbols as opposed to scarce resources.
C) Racism-people on opposing sides of the debate held racist attitudes toward the other group.
D) Denial-people on opposing sides of the debate denied the existence of privilege.

Question 11

People who don't feel respected by their team are __________. Conversely, respected members of organizational groups that have low status and prestige are the most likely to __________.

A) high in social comparison; be self-serving and competitive
B) not as loyal or committed to their team; donate their time to their team to improve its image
C) high in realistic conflict; be high in symbolic conflict
D) high in ethnocentrism; stereotype

Question 12

Social comparison theory predicts when:

A) a comparable team in your organization performs similarly or better than your team, and the identity of your team is threatened.
B) teams will harm or discriminate against other teams when the performance of the other team decreases.
C) teams will harm or discriminate against members of their own team when the performance of their own team decreases.
D) a member outside of the team performs similarly or better than your team, and the team will feel interdependent with that person.

Question 13

In regard to intergroup conflict, a group that competes for things like new hires or clients with another group is engaged in __________ conflict.

A) extremism
B) symbolic
C) team rivalry
D) realistic

Question 14

The __________ self is realized by differentiating ourselves from others; __________ self is achieved by assimilating with significant others; __________ self is achieved by inclusion in large, social groups.

A) relational; individual; collective
B) individual; relational; collective
C) me-centered; we-centered; mixed-motive
D) independent; interdependent; codependent

Question 15

The extent to which a person identifies with a group occurs on three distinct identity levels. Individuals who are high in __________ identity are likely to agree with the following statements: "all members need to contribute to achieve the group's goals" and "this group accomplishes things that no single member could achieve."

A) emotional
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) relational

Question 16

With regard to personal and team identities, all of the following are true EXCEPT:

A) groups and teams provide people with identity.
B) feeling good about ourselves is often dependent upon feeling that our groups are adequate or superior to other groups.
C) there is a potentially infinite number of group distinctions that people can use to define their identity.
D) people with an interdependent outlook focus on the extent to which they are autonomous and unique.

Question 17

Despite a verbal preference for people who behave in an "egalitarian" way, people actually prefer others in their groups to display in-group bias. This phenomenon is best termed:

A) ethnocentrism.
B) implicit group metafavoritism.
C) collective narcissism.
D) cognitive identity.

Question 18

Exhibit 12-2 illustrates the progressively more inclusive ways a person can identify himself or herself within an organizational structure. At a basic level, a person might see himself or herself as an individual, but at a wider view, a person might see himself or herself as a member of a unit or a larger organizational area. Group members identify and categorize themselves in this same fashion; categorizing themselves and others in terms of in-groups and out-groups. The more narrowly a group defines itself, the more the group's behavior becomes:

A) cohesive and differentiated.
B) inclusive and extraverted.
C) competitive and self-serving.
D) cooperative and self-sacrificing.

Question 19

Optimal Distinctiveness Theory argues that people:

A) want to strive to be the most valued team member.
B) prefer to be accepted by others more than being correct, accurate, or right.
C) want to neither be too different, nor too similar to others.
D) want to be the leader of their team.

Question 20

Which of the following terms refers to the effects of in-group bias at a national or regional level?

A) Collective narcissism
B) Implicit group metafavoritism
C) Ethnocentrism
D) Racism

Question 21

According to the "contact hypothesis", for contact to work be effective), all of the following need to be in place EXCEPT:

A) social and institutional support.
B) acquaintance potential.
C) equal status.
D) within group friendships.

Question 22

The process of exchange, termed "perspective giving and perspective taking", is one in which a party is asked to write about their difficulties with a situation, and a second party is told to accurately summarize the statement of the first party. Each of the following statements is related to this type of exchange EXCEPT:

A) a team's exposure to information related to an out-group's heterogeneity in terms of their positive and negative characteristics reduces prejudices.
B) trying to be empathetic when interacting with an out-group member has positive effects when the out-group member discloses hardships and expresses a need for support.
C) trying to be empathetic when interacting with an out-group member who is not expressing a call for help can back-fire and result in negative perceptions.
D) a team's exclusive exposure to an out-group's positive characteristics is the most effective means to reduce in-group prejudices.

Question 23

When groups use apology in the face of intergroup conflict, which is the least likely result of that apology?

A) Decreased likelihood of forgiveness
B) Increased anger
C) Increased trust of the out-group
D) Increased desire for retribution

Question 24

Strategies for reducing the negative effects of intergroup conflicts include:

A) categorization.
B) focusing on super-ordinate goals.
C) marginalization.
D) hierarchical reporting relationships.

Question 25

This bias illustrates a pervasive tendency for people to assume much greater homogeneity of opinion, belief, expression and interest among members of an out-group than those of their own group:

A) out-group approach bias.
B) out-group homogeneity bias.
C) discrimination.
D) stereotyping.