Deck 16: Population and Urbanization

Question 1

Don Mills,on the northern fringe of Toronto,was Canada's first mass suburb.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

According to the population projections of Statistics Canada,by 2031 over half of Canada's population will likely be a member of a visible minority group.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Jason works as a stock market fund manager in the city centre;he walks to work from his downtown condominium.Brad operates a hotdog stand near Jason's office building;he takes the subway to get to work.Which term best describes this modern urban juxtaposition?

A) split-mode commuters
B) dual city
C) urban inequality
D) the great divide

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Overurbanization is a phenomenon whereby the population of urban areas grows faster than the urban economy,services,and resources can absorb it.

Question 5

Clara moved into a neighbourhood where no children were allowed.This meant that when her son's family came to visit,they went out for the day because there was nowhere for her grandchild to play.While this was inconvenient,Clara liked the fact that she did not have to worry about noise from other children disturbing her mid-day naps.Where did Clara live?

A) antiyouth enclave
B) antifamily compound
C) peri-community
D) private community

Question 6

The demographic transition refers to the phenomenon of people leaving rural areas to live in urbanized settings.

Question 7

Geographer Homer Hoyt is credited with developing the concentric-zone model of urban development.

Question 8

Gentrification is a "stay in the city" rather than a "back to the city" movement.

Question 9

One feature of the fortress city phenomenon is that inner-city prisons are architecturally designed to look like hotels,thus disguising their real purpose.

Question 10

Demography is the study of cities and urban development.

Question 11

The Bank Act of 1871 was one of the major reasons for the concentration of the Canadian population into a few urban centres such as Toronto and Montreal.

Question 12

What were the important elements in the development of preindustrial cities?

A) civic responsibility,defensive systems,and taxes
B) literacy,food surpluses,and technological innovation
C) sewage systems,running water,pest control
D) education,sports,recreation,and leisure

Question 13

What are the advantages of gentrification for women?

A) readily available child care and other services
B) telecommuting opportunities let them work from home
C) separation of grungy work places from residences
D) carpooling opportunities to remote work sites

Question 14

What term Robert E.Park and his colleagues used to describe crime,juvenile delinquency,family breakdown,and mental illness occurring in the urban setting?

A) social pathologies
B) urban consequences
C) city disease
D) capitalist malaise

Question 15

The central city is making a comeback from the 1960s and 1970s,when it was abandoned by middle-class families who moved to the suburbs.

Question 16

According to Louis Wirth,the city creates a distinct way of life that is socially destructive.

Question 17

Ferdinand Tönnies wrote that Gemeinschaft denotes a lifestyle based on money,individualism,and class antagonism.

Question 18

One of the most important reasons for the growth of cities in the industrial era was progress in medicine and health that lowered the mortality rate.

Question 19

Toronto,Vancouver,and Calgary all have rapidly growing populations,and all for the same reasons.

Question 20

During the last decade of the twentieth century,migrants from other provinces flocked to Calgary and Vancouver,but few were attracted to Toronto.

Question 21

After class,Jessie commented to her friend Maria,"One of the cities discussed in the lecture today reminded me of a line from that song by the Talking Crows-you know,'They paved paradise and put up a parking lot.'" Maria looked confused and Jessie added,"The paradise they paved was the park." What type of city was Jessie referring to?

A) edge city
B) dual city
C) suburban city
D) postmodern city

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the urban-growth machine?

A) It includes an extensive cast of players.
B) There is an emphasis on community and values.
C) Land use is seen as an investment and commodity.
D) It has a narrow economic and political focus.

Question 23

Aneesha asked her classmate Mesbah to explain the premise of demographic transition theory to her.Which statement would Mesbah respond with?

A) The answer to world population growth rests with a strict national policy limiting family size.
B) Populations will stabilize as birth rates and death rates change.
C) Mankind is doomed because population increases faster than food production.
D) The answer to curbing world population growth rests with adopting positive and preventive checks.

Question 24

What term is used to denote the process by which an increasing proportion of the population lives in cities?

A) suburbanization
B) urbanization
C) gentrification
D) megalopolitanism

Question 25

Beyond the city limits northwest of Toronto,perched on the Niagara Escarpment,lies Caledon: a rural community where many city dwellers have relocated to escape the urban lifestyle.Which term identifies this trend in relocation?

A) urban drift
B) urban rebellion
C) counter-urbanization
D) rural-urbanization

Question 26

Luigi is obsessed with his job as a marketing consultant.Where he lives,he does not know his neighbours,and he likes it that way because he can run out of his house and not get stuck in a conversation that will delay his arrival at work.What would Louis Wirth call Luigi?

A) workaholic
B) urban economic participant
C) urbanite
D) anti-neighbourhood proponent

Question 27

Which of the following places are most often afflicted with overurbanization?

A) cities with wide areas open to development
B) large cities that have nowhere to expand
C) large cities in the southern hemisphere
D) small cities in economically prosperous areas

Question 28

Elise had recently moved to Toronto from a small town in Northern Ontario.When asked how she liked living in "the big city," she asserted that she missed the feeling of community that she had grown up with.Which theorist is Elise in agreement with?

A) Robert E.Park
B) Max Weber
C) Ferdinand Tönnies
D) Emile Durkheim

Question 29

According to studies done in the 1950s and 1960s,what characterized the suburban way of life?

A) The suburb was organized around adult activities.
B) The suburb was a cultural wasteland of conformity.
C) Both parents had to work to maintain the lifestyle.
D) Life revolved around a redneck "beer-drinking" culture.

Question 30

According to the text,which of the following is included in the concentric-zone model of the city?

A) multiple urban cores
B) modern welfare housing
C) a central business district
D) fixed,distinct zone boundaries

Question 31

At a dinner party,newlyweds Jasmine and Tyrone were asked how many children they were planning on having.Jasmine laughingly asserted,"We're aiming for the replacement level." What was the number Jasmine meant?

A) 2
B) 2.1
C) 2.5
D) 3

Question 32

What was the focus of urban studies done by Robert Park and his colleagues at the Chicago School of Sociology?

A) They tried to improve the city by discovering "what made it tick."
B) They found that despite their research,problems in the city could not be fixed
C) They focused on what aspects of city life were working well.
D) They made the city of New York their social research laboratory.

Question 33

When growing up,Chantelle was embarrassed to tell her classmates where she lived because it was just blocks from the downtown main street in a neighbourhood of working-class residents.Now she is proud of her address and has turned down a number of interested buyers,saying she couldn't imagine living anywhere else.What explains her change of heart?

A) The neighbourhood has matured.
B) The neighbourhood has been gentrified.
C) The neighbourhood has been re-urbanized.
D) The neighbourhood has become a fortress city.

Question 34

What does Gemeinschaft mean?

A) the community of feeling
B) social disorganization
C) the traditional society
D) a distinctly rural area

Question 35

When Gina moved to her new home,her neighbour came over to welcome her to the neighbourhood and brought her a small housewarming gift.Which theoretical concept is the behaviour of the neighbour exemplifying?

A) Gemeinschaft
B) Gesellschaft
C) neighbourhood socialization
D) urban enclave camaraderie

Question 36

According to demographic transition theory,what happens as a country becomes industrialized?

A) The birth rate declines and then the death rate declines.
B) The death rate declines,but not the birth rate.
C) Neither the birth nor the death rate decline.
D) The birth and death rate decline together.

Question 37

What does the concept of urban-growth machine refer to?

A) rural landowners and real estate interests selling land on the edge of urban centres
B) a global coalition of urban activists opposed to urban sprawl and development
C) the pressure of population growth forcing cities into ongoing urban development
D) networked interest groups interested in sustained city growth and development

Question 38

What does overurbanization cause?

A) dramatic urban redevelopment to accommodate residents
B) an upper class of residents who live in splendour
C) an underclass of residents in illegal squatter settlements
D) pressure on the middle class and escalating economic strain

Question 39

From antiquity to the eighteenth century,which characteristics of cities remained very similar?

A) physical layout
B) technological innovation
C) economic boom
D) literacy rates

Question 40

When Bob,a researcher in the demography department,was asked to describe his life's work he replied,"I am an anthropologist studying the customs,beliefs,and practices of urban residents." According to the text,whose perspective had Bob adopted?

A) Georg Simmel
B) Louis Wirth
C) Thomas Malthus
D) Robert E.Park

Question 41

What is overurbanization?

A) too many cities for the world,resulting in an imbalance in global ecosystems
B) urban population growth outstripping the accompanying economy,services,and resources
C) the movement of populations from urban centres to the outlying suburbs
D) the movement of populations from rural communities and suburbs to the cities

Question 42

A metropolitan real-estate magnate has purchased an abandoned warehouse in the city's transitional zone,and is converting it on the street level to a mall with chic boutiques,while making the upper floors into condominiums.Which stage of city evolution applies to this inner-city development?

A) suburban city
B) corporate city
C) peri-urbanized city
D) urban city

Question 43

In a class discussion,Tait was asked to give one outcome of the privatization of public space in the postmodern city.Which of the following would he offer?

A) Suburbs and central cities are being physically separated as a result of a resurgence of green spaces.
B) The number of public places where people can come together and socialize are being reduced.
C) More exclusive people-friendly public places are being created.
D) Real estate and housing costs are skyrocketing beyond the average person's income.

Question 44

According to Burgess's model,where do second-generation immigrants typically reside?

A) zone of interstitial transition
B) zone of better residences
C) zone of working-class homes
D) central business district

Question 45

Patricia and Mike are young,married,urban professionals expecting their first child and for lifestyle reasons they have bought a house in a much smaller city that is a 70-kilometre commute to Mike's big-city job.Which term best categorizes their new lifestyle?

A) familism
B) urbanism
C) ruralism
D) suburbanism

Question 46

Shaniqua asked her sociology classmate Denise where she lived in the city.Denise,having just finished a class that discussed the concentric zone model of urbanization replied,"I live in zone 3." What type of neighbourhood does Denise live in?

A) a neighbourhood of cheap housing,pawn shops,and second-hand stores
B) a working-class neighbourhood
C) a typical suburban neighbourhood
D) a business district with residential apartments above the stores

Question 47

What name is given to the three-stage historical process of population growth?

A) exponential growth curve
B) implosion growth curve
C) demographic transition
D) demographic equation

Question 48

According to the news article Kammi had read,a real estate development company had acquired over 100 square kilometres of prime agricultural land in India,and was in the process of building luxury residential high-rises,exclusive office and retail space,shopping malls,deluxe hotels,and a residential housing area for those who did not want to live downtown.What name would be given to this project?

A) urban renewal
B) industrial city
C) globalized city
D) corporate city

Question 49

What trends did Louis Wirth see as characterizing cities?

A) decreasing density
B) increasing heterogeneity
C) increasing homogeneity
D) decreasing size

Question 50

Allyson recently got a new job in her field by relocating from the city's centre to an urban area 30 kilometres out,where she has cheaper rent and all the social amenities such as shopping,fitness,recreation,and entertainment centres.Which term best describes this area?

A) ring city
B) rim city
C) peripheral city
D) edge city

Question 51

What effect has the shift in North American economies from a manufacturing to a service and knowledge base had on edge city residents?

A) People prefer to isolate themselves socially and geographically.
B) People are inclined to live and work in the same geographic area.
C) People prefer to commute from the edge city to the corporate offices downtown.
D) People prefer to live in microsocieties scattered across the urban landscape.

Question 52

In Burgess's model,where do illegal commercial activities tend to occur?

A) central business district
B) zone of working-class homes
C) zone of transition
D) zone of better residences

Question 53

Who first proposed the concentric-zone model?

A) Herbert Gans
B) Robert Park
C) Ernest Burgess
D) Homer Hoyt

Question 54

What can be said about the fortress city phenomenon?

A) It involves the isolating of the disadvantaged,the homeless,and the poor.
B) It involves large numbers of families moving to the suburbs.
C) It is about the preservation of historical military sites within cities.
D) It is a mentality particular to rural communities.

Question 55

After reading the front page of the newspaper,Terry said to his partner,"Well,that certainly exemplifies the fortress city mentality." Which articles was Terry referring to?

A) "Supermart is opening its fifth superstore."
B) "City hall approves $20,000 expenditure to remove park benches and replace them with cement stools."
C) "School board 'safe school policy' will cost taxpayers $50,000."
D) "Zoning by-law amended.Homeowners must have 2.5 metre-tall iron fence around pools."

Question 56

For what reason does it appear that Vancouver's development has followed the sector model?

A) When land became scarce,growth went high-rise.
B) The sectors developed strong neighbourhood attachments.
C) Its population spread out along the natural shorelines.
D) It developed a single growth nucleus/central core.

Question 57

According to Louis Wirth,what is an accompaniment to city life?

A) increasing social solidarity and orderliness
B) the undermining of traditional social solidarity
C) greater individual freedom and well-being
D) lifestyles based on money and individual interests

Question 58

What constitutes the process of gentrification?

A) middle-class housing transformed into working-class neighbourhoods
B) working-class housing transformed into fashionable downtown neighbourhoods
C) upper-class housing transformed into fashionable middle-class residences
D) upper-class housing transformed into low-rental government housing

Question 59

In Pune,Maharashtra,India,a densely populated city of 4.5 million,a visitor notices hordes of people living on the street,traffic congestion,air pollution at the street level,electrical outages,and flooding during the monsoon rains.Which term best describes this city's condition?

A) preindustrialization
B) overurbanization
C) population sprawl
D) peri-urbanization

Question 60

In their weekly study group,Leonid and his fellow sociology students were discussing the social benefits of gentrification.Leonid asserted,"We mustn't forget that there are also negatives associated with gentrification." When asked to give an example of what he meant,which of the following would he offer?

A) Old homes would be converted with updated materials and fixtures.
B) The increased real estate prices and rents for old homes would force out poor residents.
C) Construction companies would focus on renovating old homes rather than meeting the demand for new structures.
D) Older architecture would be preserved,making the area look old.

Question 61

What do demographers call population inflows from other countries?

A) immigration
B) migration
C) international migration
D) internal migration

Question 62

Speaking in geographic terms,what can be concluded about edge cities?

A) They have no self-contained services such as shopping and entertainment.
B) They are far from commuting range of the city.
C) They exist just beyond the fringe of suburbia.
D) They have few working-class or middle-class neighbourhoods.

Question 63

The city is growing in leaps and bounds,but interestingly the west end is still the upper-class neighbourhood,the working class lives in the east end,and the immigrants tend to move to the north of the city.If you wanted to study this urban growth model,what would Homer Hoyt recommend that you study?

A) sectors
B) classes
C) compass bearings
D) urban life

Question 64

What characterized those who moved to the corporate suburbs after World War II?

A) They were ready to embrace familism.
B) They were ready to invest in shopping malls.
C) They were unwilling to commute to their work.
D) They were reluctant to interact with neighbours.

Question 65

What prompted the concentration of economic power in Toronto and Montreal?

A) growth of nearby factory towns
B) U.S.and British financial elites
C) their proximity to the U.S.market
D) capital institutions located in cities

Question 66

Artisans,soldiers,and other people from all walks of life resided in a community of roughly 40,000 people in southern Greece in the 10th century B.C.What kind of place was this community?

A) city
B) town
C) village
D) district

Question 67

Which of the following is an example of a typical woman's destiny in preindustrial society?

A) if unmarried by 20,to remain so
B) a life of poverty and few children
C) her future husband arranged at birth
D) to bear a large number of children

Question 68

Paulo moved from rural Argentina into Buenos Aires to look for work.He was unable to find work or affordable housing,so without buying land he built a small shack where other people were doing the same thing.Some called the area a "slum," while Paulo called it home.What urban phenomenon was Paulo a victim of?

A) overurbanization
B) urban sprawl
C) peri-urbanization
D) sheltered migration

Question 69

What are the components of the postmodern city?

A) emergence of edge,multiethnic,and dual cities
B) a mixture of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
C) urbanism and postindustrial economy
D) suburbia,urban core,business district

Question 70

Daniella was helping her 10-year old son with his homework assignment-"create a model of your city." They started with the business centre in the middle,and then proceeded to add a light manufacturing district,heavy manufacturing district,the university campus and research complex,the shopping district and neighbourhoods around each area.According to the text,what model of urban environment did they create?

A) multiple nuclei
B) sector
C) concentric zone
D) urban sprawl

Question 71

Claus visited a city last week where people did not live where they worked or where they shopped.Each area of the city had a different function.What model of urban growth was this city based on?

A) concentric-zone
B) sector
C) multiple-nuclei
D) cityscape

Question 72

In recent years,what area of the world has seen cities with populations between 100,000 and 500,000 experience remarkable growth?

A) Australia
B) European Union
C) the developing world
D) North America

Question 73

What is urban bias?

A) uneven investment and development that favours rural over urban areas
B) ideas and attitudes of urban residents that are prejudiced against rural life
C) the loss of rural populations to urban areas so great that rural life is disappearing
D) uneven investment and development that favours urban over rural areas

Question 74

In class,Kendra asserted that the city where she had grown up had no downtown.When a classmate asked what kind of city had no downtown,what would Kendra answer?

A) dual city
B) edge city
C) theme-park city
D) industrial city

Question 75

What effect have international trade agreements had on North American resource towns and farming communities?

A) They have been turned into vacation playgrounds or dumping grounds.
B) These agreements have had a minimal effect on these communities.
C) These communities have been transformed into fantasy theme areas.
D) The number of these communities is increasing in North America.

Question 76

Austin was showing Safat the crime mapping tool that the city police force had posted on its website.As they were exploring the data,Safat remarked "This documenting of deviant behaviours reminds me of the work by Robert E.Park." What was Safat referencing?

A) ecological spot maps
B) concentric-zone modelling
C) transition zone mapping
D) environmental deviance models

Question 77

Near Toronto is Bramalea City Centre.Located at the corner of Queen Street and Dixie Road;it is filled with offices,service occupations,government services,commuter services,and retail and grocery stores,and is surrounded by clusters of apartments,condominiums,townhouses,and single detached homes.Which term for city development identifies this area?

A) suburban city
B) edge city
C) micro city
D) peripheral city

Question 78

In a major metropolitan centre,city planners want to revitalize the city core by tearing down old neighbourhoods,replacing side roads with main arteries for traffic,constructing parking garages,and building high-rise condos,trendy restaurants,and fancy boutiques for the downtown workers.What term best describes the lifestyle supporting this city's restructuring?

A) redevelopment
B) urbanism
C) rezoning
D) modernism

Question 79

Deena and Tony loved living in the downtown high-rise within walking distance to work and all the venues they frequented every weekend,but after the birth of their daughter they wanted a backyard and a home close to parks and schools.Consequently,they moved to a house that was just a commuter train distance away from their jobs.Which of the following lifestyles have Deena and Tony chosen?

A) urbanism
B) suburbanism
C) commuterism
D) familism

Question 80

Mike had to relocate for work.He could have bought a house in the city,but he loves to sail,so he bought a house on a lake where he could moor his boat.As a result,Mike lengthened his commute to work by 30 minutes.Which theory can be used to explain his relocation choice?

A) water quotient
B) antiurbanization
C) environmental-opportunity
D) recreational living