Deck 14: Comparisons of More Than Two Conditions

Question 1

When determining the probability of an obtained F, one must take into account both the df __________ and the df __________.

A) total; within
B) within; total
C) between; total
D) between; within

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The __________ SS is defined as the sum of squares of deviations of the individual measurements from their condition means.

A) error
B) within-conditions
C) total
D) between-conditions

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The effect size of an F ratio is only interpretable if there is __________ df in the numerator.

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) more than 2

Answer 3

B

Question 4

To calculate the mean square, the sum of squares is divided by the __________ associated with it.

A) F test
B) p value
C) degrees of freedom
D) error

Question 5

A research design in which there are two levels for each of two factors is known as a(n) __________ design.

A) one-way
B) simple effects
C) two-way
D) interaction

Question 6

In an analysis of variance comparing two groups, the resulting F value is equal to

A) t
B) Cohen's d
C) $\sqrt { t }$
D) t²

Question 7

The total sum of squares is equal to the between-conditions sum of squares __________ the within-conditions sum of squares.

A) plus
B) minus
C) multiplied by
D) divided by

Question 8

The __________ SS is defined as the sum of squares of deviations of the condition means from the grand mean.

A) conditional means
B) total
C) between-conditions
D) within-conditions

Question 9

The overall effect that an individual factor has on the dependent variable is also referred to as a(n)

A) simple effect.
B) main effect.
C) interaction effect.
D) experimental effect.

Question 10

Computing a one-way ANOVA, Janet learns that there is a significant difference among the four groups in her study. To reveal precisely which group or groups differ from the rest, she must

A) construct a BESD.
B) do tests of simple effects.
C) calculate the effect sizes and corresponding confidence intervals.
D) compute another ANOVA.

Question 11

The residual or leftover effect after the main effects have been removed from the grand mean is known as the

A) simple effect.
B) error.
C) experimental effect.
D) interaction effect.

Question 12

F is intrinsically a __________ test of significance.

A) precise
B) one-tailed
C) two-tailed
D) preferable

Question 13

The F ratio is determined by dividing the __________ mean square by the __________ mean square.

A) total conditions; between-conditions
B) within-conditions; between-conditions
C) within-conditions; total conditions
D) between-conditions; within-conditions

Question 14

In John's experiment, there are three different conditions with five subjects per condition. What are the degrees of freedom within-conditions for this experiment?

A) 2
B) 14
C) 12
D) 15

Question 15

For his experiment, John has three different conditions with five subjects per condition. What are the df between-conditions for John's study?

A) 15
B) 2
C) 14
D) 12

Question 16

The F ratio will usually have a value close to 1.0 when the variation between treatment conditions is __________ the variation within the treatment conditions.

A) smaller than
B) similar to
C) greater than
D) eliminated by

Question 17

The __________ SS is defined as the sum of squares of deviations from the grand mean for all of the scores.

A) total
B) between-conditions
C) within-conditions
D) grand

Question 18

Variance is also known as

A) the F ratio.
B) the sum of squares.
C) the mean square.
D) the standard deviation.

Question 19

In the F test, one is analyzing __________ rather than analyzing __________.

A) variances; error
B) means; error
C) means; variances
D) variances; means

Question 20

John has three different conditions in his experiment, with five subjects in each condition. What is the total number df associated with John's study?

A) 2
B) 12
C) 14
D) 15

Question 21

Designs that require participants to be measured more than once in order to answer the research question are referred to as __________ research.

A) nonintrinsically repeated measures
B) omnibus statistical procedures
C) focused statistical procedures
D) intrinsically repeated measures

Question 22

Why can individual scores be conceptualized in terms of an additive model?

Question 23

The correlation between the group means and their respective contrast weights is known as the

A) contrast correlation.
B) alerting correlation.
C) effect size correlation.
D) coefficient of determination.

Question 24

When computing a contrast, the sum of the lambda coefficients must equal

A) zero.
B) one.
C) the number of treatment conditions.
D) the F value.

Question 25

How is the F test similar to the t test? Under what conditions can either test of significance be used?

Question 26

What does the "sum of squares" represent? How is this related to the "mean square"?

Question 27

What does the interaction effect in a two-way ANOVA represent?

Question 28

Why is the F test considered to be a test that analyzes variances rather than a test that analyzes means?

Question 29

What is the difference between effect size rs, contrast rs, and alerting rs?

Question 30

How is the "signal-to-noise" analogy applicable to understanding the logic behind F tests?

Question 31

Why might a researcher sometimes prefer a two-way design to a one-way design?

Question 32

What does the p value associated with an F ratio represent?

Question 33

Focused comparisons of more than two conditions are also known as

A) contrasts.
B) omnibus F tests.
C) tests of simple effects.
D) lambda coefficients.

Question 34

What does error represent in the analysis of variance?

Question 35

In order to increase the statistical power of her study, Judy decides that she will administer several treatments to each of her subjects. Judy is using __________ research in order to address her question of interest.

A) nonintrinsically repeated measures
B) intrinsically repeated measures
C) simple effects
D) analysis of variance

Question 36

Why are effect sizes not calculated for F ratios that have more than 1 df in the numerator?

Question 37

Error is considered to be the deviation of a score from the

A) grand mean.
B) mean of the condition.
C) mean of the row.
D) mean of the column.