Deck 16: Sampling Designs and Sampling Procedures

Question 1

A primary sampling unit (PSU) is a unit selected in the first stage of sampling.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Randomness characterizes a procedure whose outcome cannot be predicted because it depends on chance.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

As sample size decreases, random sampling error decreases.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A reverse directory provides, in a different format, the same information contained in a telephone directory.

Question 5

List brokers rent lists of names, addresses, phone numbers, and e-mail addresses of specific populations.

Question 6

The first stage in the selection of a sample is to determine the sampling frame.

Question 7

Systematic sampling is a type of true random selection procedure.

Question 8

A convenience sample is a type of probability sampling method.

Question 9

The availability of sampling frames is fairly consistent around the world.

Question 10

A bigger sample is needed if the elements of the population are quite diverse compared to if the elements of the population are quite similar.

Question 11

A sample is a subset, or some part, of a larger population.

Question 12

A list of all of the members of the San Diego chapter of Notre Dame alumni is an example of a sampling frame.

Question 13

Snowball sampling involves using probability methods for an initial selection of respondents and then obtaining additional respondents through information provided by the initial respondents.

Question 14

A sampling procedure ensuring that each element in the population will have an equal chance of being included in the sample is called simple random sampling.

Question 15

A census is any complete group whose members share some common set of characteristics.

Question 16

Judgment sampling ensures that various subgroups of a population will be represented on pertinent characteristics.

Question 17

In stratified sampling a subsample is drawn using judgment sampling within each stratum.

Question 18

The sampling frame is also called the working population.

Question 19

A poll is an investigation of all the individual elements that make up the population.

Question 20

Systematic errors are due to chance fluctuations.

Question 21

The difference between the sample result and the result of an accurate census is called _____.

A) random sampling error
B) systematic sampling error
C) primary sampling error
D) secondary sampling error

Question 22

A(n) _____ is a subset, or some part, of a larger population.

A) slice
B) census
C) element
D) sample

Question 23

Website Internet surveys use unrestricted samples.

Question 24

An investigation of all the individual elements that make up a population is called a(n)_____.

A) enumeration
B) census
C) sample
D) stratum

Question 25

Which of the following refers to any complete group whose members share some common set of characteristics?

A) sample
B) population
C) stratum
D) cluster

Question 26

The degree of accuracy required in sampling may vary form project to project.

Question 27

When a researcher wants to study the members of the American Management Association and selects a sample from its membership list, the membership list is an example of a _____.

A) reverse directory
B) sampling frame
C) systematic sampling list
D) census

Question 28

Stratified samples can be proportional or disproportional.

Question 29

When a company decides to send an Internet survey to all of its 127-member sales force to determine their morale, this is an example of a _____

A) cluster sample
B) multistage area sample
C) census
D) sample

Question 30

Which type of error occurs when certain sample elements are excluded or when the entire population is not accurately represented in the sampling frame?

A) Type I error
B) sampling frame error
C) statistical error
D) list error

Question 31

A single element or group of elements that is eligible for selection via the sampling process is called a _____.

A) sampling panel
B) sampling unit
C) sampling error
D) sampling quota

Question 32

All of the following are reasons for using a sample EXCEPT _____.

A) complete enumeration
B) pragmatic reasons
C) accurate and reliable results
D) destruction of test units

Question 33

When a researcher has made the decision to conduct a survey using a sample of the population, the FIRST step in the selection of the sample is to _____.

A) define the target population
B) determine the sample size
C) select the actual sampling units
D) select a sampling frame

Question 34

All of the following are stages in the selection of a sample EXCEPT _____.

A) analyze data
B) select a sampling frame
C) determine sample size
D) conduct fieldwork

Question 35

A telephone directory that lists the people in the phone book by their street address instead of by their last name is called a _____.

A) snowball directory
B) inverse directory
C) reverse directory
D) sampling frame directory

Question 36

If Delta Airlines selects randomly a set of 40 flights on a given day, and then selects randomly a group of ten passengers on each of these flights to participate in an in-flight survey, the passengers are _____.

A) PSU
B) census
C) systematic samples
D) secondary sampling units

Question 37

An area sample is the most popular type of stratified sample.

Question 38

A list of elements from which the sample may be drawn is called a _____.

A) parameter list
B) probability sample
C) population parameter
D) sampling frame

Question 39

As sample size ______ , random sampling error ______.

A) increases; increases
B) decreases; decreases
C) increases; decreases
D) increase; remains unchanged

Question 40

Multistage area sampling is a cluster sampling approach involving multiple steps.

Question 41

When a researcher puts the name of each person on a sampling frame list on a 3" x 5" card, shuffles the cards thoroughly, and then selects 35 names from the top of the pile of cards for a phone interview study, this is an example of what type of sampling procedure?

A) judgment sample
B) simple random sample
C) stratified sample
D) area sample

Question 42

A sampling procedure that assures each element in the population of an equal chance of being included in the sample is called _____.

A) simple random sampling
B) primary random sampling
C) primary sampling
D) stratified sampling

Question 43

Which type of sampling error is primarily due to the nature of a study's design and the correctness of execution?

A) random sampling error
B) systematic sampling error
C) primary sampling error
D) secondary sampling error

Question 44

When a local television station sends a crew to interview joggers in the city park on a beautiful spring day, this represents what type of sample?

A) cluster sample
B) multistage area sample
C) systematic sample
D) convenience sample

Question 45

In which type of sampling is a subsample drawn using simple random sampling within each stratum of the population?

A) cluster sampling
B) stratified sampling
C) systematic sampling
D) convenience sampling

Question 46

Which type of sampling procedure selects initial respondents using probability methods and selects subsequent respondents from information provided by those initial respondents?

A) snowball sample
B) stepwise sample
C) judgment sample
D) secondary sampling

Question 47

When a researcher uses students to participate in a study because he has easy access to them, what type of sampling procedure does this represent?

A) judgment sample
B) systematic sample
C) snowball sample
D) convenience sample

Question 48

Two types of stratified samples are _____.

A) primary and secondary
B) positive and negative
C) proportional and disproportional
D) absolute and relative

Question 49

A researcher wants to put together four focus groups of 18-24 year-old males who are "heavy downloaders of music" (defined as downloading 50 songs per month). He finds one person in the target market who qualifies and then asks that person to suggest the names of two other males between the ages of 18-24 who download music so that he can invite them to participate in the focus group. These people, in turn, are each asked to suggest two others similar to themselves to participate in the focus group study. This procedure represents what type of sampling procedure?

A) stepwise sample
B) judgment sample
C) area sample
D) snowball sample

Question 50

If a researcher for Procter & Gamble selects five states randomly, and then selects 10 supermarket chains within each of these states to call for a phone survey for research regarding a new shampoo, what type of sampling procedure is being used?

A) systematic sample
B) simple random sample
C) nonprobability sample
D) cluster sample

Question 51

A sampling procedure in which a starting point is selected by a random process and then every nth number on the list is selected is called a(n) _____.

A) cluster sampling
B) analytic sampling
C) systematic sampling
D) stratified sampling

Question 52

All of the following are advantages of quota sampling over probability sampling EXCEPT ____.

A) lower cost
B) convenience
C) speed of data collection
D) lower error

Question 53

Which of the following is a nonprobability sampling technique in which an experienced individual selects the sample based on his or her judgment about some appropriate characteristics required of the sample member?

A) area sample
B) subjective sample
C) stratified sample
D) judgment sample

Question 54

A stratified sample in which the number of sampling units drawn from each stratum is in proportion to the population size of that stratum is called a(n) _____.

A) proportional stratified sample
B) balanced stratified sample
C) even stratified sample
D) primary stratified sample

Question 55

If a researcher wants to select 50 customers from a sampling frame of 250 customers who have purchased at least $10,000 worth of products from his company within the past six months using a systematic sampling technique, after a random start, the researcher should select every ______ name on the list.

A) 20th
B) 10th
C) 5th
D) 50th

Question 56

When the head of the research department instructs field interviewers to interview participants at a trade show such that they each interview 10 vendors that are manufacturers and 10 that are service providers, this represents what type of sampling procedure?

A) systematic sample
B) quota sample
C) area sample
D) multistage sample

Question 57

Which sampling technique is an economically efficient sampling technique in which the primary sampling unit is not the individual element in the population but a large cluster of elements?

A) cluster sampling
B) stratified sampling
C) grouped sampling
D) homogeneous sampling

Question 58

In which type of sampling does every element in the population have a known, nonzero probability of selection?

A) absolute sampling
B) relative sampling
C) nonprobability sampling
D) probability sampling

Question 59

A stratified sample in which the sample size for each stratum is allocated according to analytical considerations is called a(n) _____.

A) disproportional stratified sample
B) unbalanced stratified sample
C) secondary stratified sample
D) analytical sample

Question 60

When a marketing vice-president tells the marketing department to schedule a test market in Dallas because he feels that this city is "typical" of the composition of the target market for a new product nationally, this is an example of what type of sample?

A) judgment sample
B) area sample
C) cluster sample
D) convenience sample

Question 61

When a researcher conducts personal interviews with 100 percent of the employees within his organization, this type of study is a type of ______ study.

Question 62

Claire has agreed to participate in surveys online. Every few weeks, she is sent an email requesting her to participate in an online survey. What did Claire do to become involved in these research studies?

A) opted out
B) opted in
C) randomized herself
D) met a quota

Question 63

Which sampling method involves using a combination of two or more probability sampling techniques?

A) multidimensional sampling
B) multistage area sampling
C) two-phase sampling
D) N-phase sampling

Question 64

The sampling procedure of obtaining those people or units that are most conveniently available is called _____ sampling.

Question 65

A unit that is selected in the first of several stages of sampling is called the ______.

Question 66

When a potential respondent ____, he or she gives permission to receive selected e-mail, such as questionnaires, from a company with an Internet presence.

A) becomes part of an unrestricted sample
B) consents
C) opts in
D) subscribes

Question 67

The difference between the results of a sample and the results of a census that is conducted with identical procedures is called ______ error.

Question 68

When a telephone book database is re-arranged so that it is organized by phone number, instead of by last name, this type of database is a type of ______ directory.

Question 69

A(n) _____ is a list of elements from which a sample may be drawn and is also called the working population.

Question 70

A small number of people who are a subset of the population of interest are known as a(n) ______ of the population.

Question 71

When a research study has been poorly designed, it suffers from ______ error.

Question 72

If a national political pollster selects ten states randomly, then randomly selects five counties within each state, then randomly selects five voting precincts within these counties, then randomly selects five blocks within these precincts, then randomly selects five households for door-to-door interviews about their voting intentions in the next Presidential election, this is an example of what type of sampling procedure?

A) simple random sample
B) multistage area sample
C) systematic sample
D) nonprobability sample

Question 73

Writing the names of the students in a class on separate sheets of paper, shuffling them thoroughly, and then drawing five names "out of a hat," is a type of ______ sample.

Question 74

In _____ sampling, every element in the population has a known, nonzero probability of selection.

Question 75

All of the retail stores nationwide of Sears Roebuck and Co. are the ______ of Sears' stores.

Question 76

An error that occurs when certain sample elements are not listed or are not accurately represented in a sampling frame is called _____ error.

Question 77

When initial subjects are selected randomly and additional subjects are obtained from recommendations of names from the initial subjects, this is a(n) ______ sampling technique.

Question 78

When subjects are selected for a research study using judgment sampling, this represents a type of ______ sampling procedure.

Question 79

All of the following are common sampling criteria EXCEPT _____.

A) degree of accuracy required
B) size of the population
C) resources available
D) time available to conduct the research

Question 80

_____ sampling is a nonprobability sampling procedure that ensures that various subgroups of a population will be represented on pertinent characteristics to the exact extent that the investigator desires.