Deck 7: Innate-Immunity

Question 1

Toll-like receptors and other receptors are potent activators of various components of the innate immune system.All of the following proteins are expressed in response to signaling by these receptors EXCEPT:

A)Interleukin-12
B)E-selectin
C)Tumor necrosis factor
D)Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)
E)CD28

Answer 1

CD28

Question 2

Cytosolic DNA sensors are a large group of molecules that detect microbial dsDNA in the cytosol of infected cells,and situate innate responses.Most of these sensors signal though a pathway that includes which protein?

A)Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS)
B)Cytochrome C
C)RIG-like receptors ( RLRs)
D)TLR9
E)Stimulator of interferon genes (STING)

Answer 2

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING)

Question 3

Toll-like receptors (TLRs)are a family of homologous receptors expressed on many cell types and are involved in innate immune responses.Some TLRs are expressed on the plasma membrane,Others are expressed on endosomal membranes indie the cells.Which of the following is a shared property of the TLRs in the endosomes?

A)Recognition of nucleic acids
B)Recognition of bacterial cell wall molecules
C)Signaling by JAK-STAT pathways
D)Inhibition of inflammatory responses
E)Secreted into the blood

Answer 3

Recognition of nucleic acids

Question 4

For each of the descriptions of a component of the innate immune system in questions ,select the term that best matches it from the list below (A-J).
Produced by B-1 cells,protects against microbes that succeed in penetrating epithelial barriers

A)Defensin
B)Opsonin
C)Natural antibody
D)Adjuvant
E)Complement
F)Inflammation
G)C-reactive protein
H)Mannose-binding lectin
I)Reactive oxygen intermediate
J)Inducible nitric oxide synthase

Question 5

For each of the descriptions of a component of the innate immune system in questions ,select the term that best matches it from the list below (A-J).
Superoxide anion,hydroxyl radical,or hydrogen peroxide,produced by activated phagocytes

A)Defensin
B)Opsonin
C)Natural antibody
D)Adjuvant
E)Complement
F)Inflammation
G)C-reactive protein
H)Mannose-binding lectin
I)Reactive oxygen intermediate
J)Inducible nitric oxide synthase

Question 6

Which of the following is an enzymatic function of most types of inflammasomes?

A)Generate active granzyme B from an inactive precursors
B)Generate an active form if the inflammatory cytokine IL-1b from an inactive precursors
C)Proteolytically inactivate caspase 1
D)Degrade dsDNA
E)Phosphorylate interferon regulatory factors (IRFs)

Question 7

For each of the descriptions of a component of the innate immune system in questions ,select the term that best matches it from the list below (A-J).
Plasma protein that serves as a soluble pattern recognition receptor binding to microbial cells but not to mammalian cells

A)Defensin
B)Opsonin
C)Natural antibody
D)Adjuvant
E)Complement
F)Inflammation
G)C-reactive protein
H)Mannose-binding lectin
I)Reactive oxygen intermediate
J)Inducible nitric oxide synthase

Question 8

The signaling pathways triggered by Toll-like receptors typically result in activation of which of the following pairs of transcription factors?

A)NFAT and T-bet
B)AP-1 and GATA-3
C)Fos and STAT-6
D)NF-kB and IRFs
E)Lck and Jun

Question 9

For each of the descriptions of a component of the innate immune system in questions ,select the term that best matches it from the list below (A-J).
Broad-spectrum antibiotic present in the skin and in neutrophil granules;its synthesis is increased in response to inflammatory cytokines

A)Defensin
B)Opsonin
C)Natural antibody
D)Adjuvant
E)Complement
F)Inflammation
G)C-reactive protein
H)Mannose-binding lectin
I)Reactive oxygen intermediate
J)Inducible nitric oxide synthase

Question 10

For each of the descriptions of a component of the innate immune system in questions ,select the term that best matches it from the list below (A-J).
Acute-phase reactant produced by the liver and released into blood

A)Defensin
B)Opsonin
C)Natural antibody
D)Adjuvant
E)Complement
F)Inflammation
G)C-reactive protein
H)Mannose-binding lectin
I)Reactive oxygen intermediate
J)Inducible nitric oxide synthase

Question 11

Which of the following comparisons of the innate and adaptive immune systems is FALSE?

A)The innate immune system is more likely to recognize normal self,and therefore cause autoimmunity,than is the adaptive immune system.
B)Receptors used for recognition in innate immunity are encoded in the germline,whereas those of the adaptive immune system are encoded by genes generated via somatic recombination of germline receptor gene loci.
C)The innate and adaptive immune systems share some of the same effector mechanisms.
D)Both the innate and adaptive immune systems can recognize nonmicrobial substances.
E)The innate immune system less long lived memory than the adaptive immune system does.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the innate immune system is NOT true?

A)Innate immunity is present in all multicellular organisms,including plants and insects.
B)Deficiencies in innate immunity markedly increase host susceptibility to infection,even in the setting of an intact adaptive immune response.
C)Innate immunity is better suited for eliminating virulent,resistant microbes than is adaptive immunity.
D)The innate immune response can be divided into recognition,activation,and effector phases.
E)The innate immune response against microbes influences the type of adaptive immune response that develops.