Deck 3: The First Two Years: Body and Mind

Question 1

In general, the more years of higher education a person has, the deeper and more postformal that person's reasoning becomes.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Emerging adults rarely experience serious illness.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Around the world, emerging adults are the prime vectors of STIs.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Many developmentalists now believe there is actually a fifth stage of cognitive development called postformal thought.

Question 5

The possibility of being negatively stereotyped arouses emotions that could disrupt cognition or emotional regulation.

Question 6

The characteristics of postformal thought (practical, flexible, dialectical) are evident as the brain matures.

Question 7

Allostasis refers to long-term adjustment, whereas homeostasis requires a more prompt response from the body systems.

Question 8

The rate of risk taking is much lower in males than females.

Question 9

Recent statistics show that emerging adults are following the traditional sequence of marriage prior to parenthood.

Question 10

Cognitive flexibility, particularly the ability to change childhood assumptions, is needed to counter stereotypes.

Question 11

Perry described students' thinking through nine levels of complexity over the four years that lead to a bachelor's degree.

Question 12

Massification is based on the idea that college could benefit almost everyone.

Question 13

If it gets chilly, allostasis causes pores to constrict and bodies to shiver.

Question 14

Postformal thought is more practical as well as more creative and imaginative than earlier stages of thinking.

Question 15

The number of students in college is decreasing in every nation in the world; this phenomenon is known as massification.

Question 16

Emerging adults who are not in college are more likely to use drugs than their college counterparts.

Question 17

For adults, including emerging adults, chronological age is an imperfect guide for physical, social, and cognitive transitions.

Question 18

The years between 22 and 34 are optimal for safe reproduction and hard physical work.

Question 19

Taking risks can benefit an individual's development.

Question 20

The period of development characterized by the postponement of marriage, parenthood, and work is now referred to as late adolescence.

Question 21

Social networking may lead to easier and better choices for emerging adults' romantic prospects.

Question 22

In a survey of emerging adults in North America, participants indicated that faithfulness was the most important factor in a successful long-term relationship.

Question 23

An individual is likely to have higher self-esteem while in emerging adulthood than adolescence.

Question 24

Helicopter parenting involves connecting the success, health, and well-being of each family member to those of other members.

Question 25

A reasonable response to the identity search is to seek a moratorium, postponing identity achievement while exploring possibilities.

Question 26

Today, a couple's first shared household is more likely to involve cohabitation, not marriage.

Question 27

There is more diversity among students on college campuses today than there was in 1970.

Question 28

Erik Erikson's sixth developmental crisis occurs during emerging adulthood and is known as intimacy versus isolation.

Question 29

MOOCs are college courses that are offered solely online. Typically, thousands of students enroll.

Question 30

An adult's need for intimacy is generally fulfilled only by a romantic partner.

Question 31

Hookups always involve sexual intercourse.

Question 32

Being exposed to a diverse array of people in college likely contributes to deeper thought and intellectual challenge.

Question 33

Plasticity can make a person more or less susceptible to environmental forces.

Question 34

Emerging adults of both sexes say that if they want a serious relationship with someone, they are more likely to hook up with them to see if they are sexually compatible.

Question 35

A person's personality cannot change after adolescence.

Question 36

The average young adult holds one to two distinct jobs between the ages of 18 and 25.

Question 37

Cross-sex friendships are almost always preludes to romance.

Question 38

As students progress through college they usually are more able to see multiple perspectives.

Question 39

Listening to others and considering diverse opinions are signs of cognitive flexibility.

Question 40

During emerging adulthood, those who did not attend college are more likely to change jobs than those who attended college.

Question 41

Gordon is a 21-year-old American. According to the text, Gordon is in the developmental stage of _____.

A) late adolescence
B) emerging adulthood
C) early adulthood
D) young adulthood

Question 42

Which task would be easier for a 21-year-old than a 51-year-old?

A) write a letter by hand
B) carry a bag of groceries from the store to the car
C) watch 2 hours of television
D) walk up 4 flights of stairs

Question 43

During emerging adulthood, all body systems _____.

A) begin to develop
B) function optimally
C) cease developing
D) age rapidly

Question 44

The stresses of basic body systems that combine to limit overall functioning and make the person more vulnerable to illness are referred to as _____.

A) organ reserve
B) homeostasis
C) senescence
D) allostatic load

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT true about the sexual-reproductive system of emerging adults?

A) Miscarriage is less common.
B) Fertility is optimal.
C) Orgasms are frequent.
D) Serious birth complications are usual.

Question 46

Danielle has been skipping meals and eating very little for months. One night she goes out with friends and eats a full, heavy meal. Within hours, she is vomiting and has diarrhea. Danielle's symptoms are likely the result of a(n) _____ adjustment.

A) organ reserve
B) homeostatic
C) senescence
D) allostatic

Question 47

Which of the following statements is NOT true about emerging adulthood?

A) It is a time between full body growth and full adult roles.
B) This developmental stage has not always existed.
C) Universal trends, including longer educational tracks and later first-time parenthood, have "created" this stage.
D) All individuals between the ages of 18 and 30 are now considered to be in this stage.

Question 48

Young adults rarely experience serious illness because which three systems of body functioning tend to work in harmony?

A) organ reserve, homeostasis, allostasis
B) homeostasis, senescence, allostasis
C) senescence, organ reserve, allostasis
D) homeostasis, senescence, organ reserve

Question 49

Due to a job loss and divorce, 25-year-old Jerome has been under an enormous amount of stress, yet he still feels good physically. The fact that Jerome's body can continue to function well under this stress is likely due to _____.

A) organ reserve
B) homeostasis
C) senescence
D) diathesis

Question 50

Generally, emerging adulthood is characterized by _____ health.

A) good to excellent
B) failing
C) slowly improving
D) fair to poor

Question 51

A person between the ages of 18 and 25 is considered to be in the developmental stage of _____.

A) adulthood
B) emerging adulthood
C) post-adolescence
D) young adulthood

Question 52

Many emerging adults want to engage in sexual activity but know that they are not emotionally ready to be parents. Their solution is _____.

A) abstinence
B) monogamy
C) contraception
D) early marriage

Question 53

Which phenomenon has contributed to the worldwide spread of sexually transmitted infections?

A) serial monogamy
B) international travel
C) localized prostitution
D) modern contraception

Question 54

A dynamic long-term body adjustment that affects overall physiology is referred to as _____.

A) organ reserve
B) homeostasis
C) senescence
D) allostasis

Question 55

The CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Adulthood) study began with thousands of healthy 18- to 30-year-olds; many were reexamined 7 to 20 years later. The study found that _____.

A) those who were the most fit at the first assessment were four times more likely to have diabetes and high blood pressure in middle age.
B) those who were the least fit at the first assessment were four times more likely to have diabetes and high blood pressure in middle age.
C) those who were the least and most fit at the first assessment were four times more likely to have diabetes and high blood pressure in middle age.
D) there was no relation between fitness level at the first assessment and later health conditions.

Question 56

Fatal disease is _____ worldwide during emerging adulthood.

A) common
B) rare
C) typical
D) unknown

Question 57

Shaunquelle has recently finished high school and is now attending college. After earning her undergraduate degree she plans to continue on to graduate school. In addition, she is not seriously dating anyone and thinks marriage and parenthood are years away. Shaunquelle is at which developmental stage?

A) late adolescence
B) emerging adulthood
C) extended adolescence
D) young adulthood

Question 58

The adjustment of all the body's systems to keep physiological functions in a state of equilibrium, moment by moment is called _____.

A) organ reserve
B) homeostasis
C) massification
D) allostasis

Question 59

Biologically, emerging adulthood has traditionally been the optimal time for hard physical work and _____.

A) job success
B) relationship problems
C) decreased risk-taking
D) safe reproduction

Question 60

The capacity of organs to allow the body to cope with stress via extra, unused functioning ability is referred to as _____.

A) senescence
B) homeostasis
C) organ reserve
D) diathesis

Question 61

Emerging adults are in a high-risk category for _____.

A) serious injury and violent death
B) complications from surgery
C) age discrimination
D) infertility

Question 62

A vector is _____.

A) a person who dies from a disease
B) a type of sexually transmitted disease
C) a person who spreads a disease
D) someone who has a communicable illness

Question 63

Andrew is a fun-loving, intelligent, responsible teenager who likes to dye his hair different colors. However, he is concerned that other people might construe his hair color as a reflection of poor academic achievement. His concern is an example of _____.

A) cognitive flexibility
B) effortful control
C) postconventional thinking
D) stereotype threat

Question 64

When compared with earlier thinking, thinking in adulthood is all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) more practical
B) more concrete
C) more flexible
D) more dialectical

Question 65

Dr. Richman is conducting research on whether women perform worse on a math test when they are asked to indicate their gender prior to taking the text. Dr. Richman is exploring the concept of _____.

A) cognitive flexibility
B) stereotype threat
C) postconventional thinking
D) effortful control

Question 66

Cognitively, what helps counter stereotypes?

A) flexibility
B) subjectivity
C) objectivity
D) dialect

Question 67

Forms of recreation that include apparent risk of injury or death and that are attractive and thrilling as a result are referred to as _____ sports.

A) thrilling
B) extreme
C) injury-inducing
D) mundane

Question 68

Which statement made by a teacher is MOST likely to activate stereotype threat?

A) "This exam will show what you have learned in this chapter."
B) "This exam counts 30 percent toward your final grade."
C) "Your grade on this exam will show the amount of effort you've put into the class."
D) "This exam will show which gender has better grammatical skills."

Question 69

Which individual is most likely to be an STI vector?

A) Carlton, age 15
B) Jared, age 23
C) Dean, age 39
D) Sean, age 55

Question 70

Reviewing his course syllabi for the term, Mark realizes that, in three weeks, he has three assignments due on the same day. He decides to do one assignment a week for the next three weeks so that all will be done by their due dates. Ron is demonstrating _____ thinking.

A) preoperational
B) concrete operational
C) formal operational
D) postformal

Question 71

Largely due to the sexual activities of young adults, _____ has become a worldwide epidemic.

A) premarital sex
B) HIV
C) teenage pregnancy
D) contraception

Question 72

Malcolm has just taken a position as an emergency room nurse. He is likely to notice _____.

A) an absence of emerging adults in the emergency room
B) emerging adults who do not respond to typical doses of medications
C) emerging adults with a variety of injuries
D) emerging adults suffering from heart disease, cancer, and stroke

Question 73

The worry that one's appearance or behavior will be misused to confirm another person's oversimplified, prejudiced attitude is referred to as _____.

A) overcompensation
B) dialectical thought
C) stereotype threat
D) disidentification

Question 74

Ami thinks that she may be negatively compared to another group. According to the theory of stereotype threat, her thinking is MOST apt to _____.

A) cause her to try harder
B) have no effect on her actual life
C) cause her to underperform
D) cause her to dislike the group that she fears being compared to

Question 75

Shanice spends her weekends engaged in freestyle motocross. Shanice is participating in a(n) _____ sport.

A) spiritual
B) extreme
C) illegal
D) college

Question 76

Silas was raised in a home where men did not help with housework or cooking because those chores were deemed "women's work." At age 20, he does not agree with that view, but hides his negative reaction to it when visiting his parents' home. Silas is demonstrating _____.

A) emotional flexibility
B) emotional inflexibility
C) cognitive flexibility
D) cognitive inflexibility

Question 77

As more is understood about brain development after adolescence, it seems that the characteristics of postformal thought are evident as the brain and, in particular, as the _____, matures.

A) prefrontal cortex
B) cerebellum
C) corpus callosum
D) thalamus

Question 78

A possible fifth stage of cognitive development that characterizes adult thinking is _____.

A) preformal thought
B) semiformal thought
C) informal thought
D) postformal thought

Question 79

All of the following beliefs reflect cognitive flexibility EXCEPT _____.

A) a person's perspective is only one of many
B) a problem has many potential solutions
C) life plans are static
D) knowledge is dynamic

Question 80

Using a drug in a quantity or a manner that harms physical, cognitive, or psychosocial well-being is called drug _____.

A) abuse
B) use
C) addiction
D) dependence