Deck 10: A: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Question 1

Describe when a t-test for dependent means would be appropriate and develop a simple experiment that would be appropriate for such a statistical test.

Answer 1

The t-test for dependent means,also known as the dependent means t-test,is appropriate when researchers want to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between two related sets of scores.An example study that would be appropriate for such a statistical analysis would include a pretest assessment of anxiety and posttest assessment of anxiety before and after studying for a final examination.The pretest and posttest assessments are dependent on one another since it is a single participant and neither are independent assessments.

Question 2

Develop a study where a behavioral diary would be an appropriate method of data collection.

Answer 2

A behavioral diary is a self-report data collection strategy in which individuals record their behaviors and associated feelings concurrently in real-time.One idea for a potential study would be if researchers were examining eating disorders.Individuals struggling with eating disorders could monitor their thoughts,feelings,and associated behaviors regarding eating in their behavioral diary and use that for treatment planning and progress.

Question 3

Describe two order effects and how they may influence participant's data.

Answer 3

Fatigue effect refers to the deterioration in measurements or participant's responses as a result of the participant becoming tired,less attentive,or careless.The carryover effect refers to exposure to experimental conditions influencing responses to subsequent conditions.Both fatigue effects and carryover effects may result in an underestimate of a participant's behavioral response or may include erratic responses due to exhaustion and lack of attention.Previous experience on similar trials or conditions may negatively or positively influence a participant's responses in subsequent trials.

Question 4

Discuss a within-subjects research design,including that advantages associated with the design.

Question 5

Discuss the difference between a pretest-posttest design and a repeated-measures design.