Deck 9: Managing Diversity and Inclusion

Question 1

The first affirmative action programs were initiated to correct the past exclusion of women and minorities from the business world.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

_____ occurs when unwelcome sexual conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with job performance.

A) Social loafing
B) Class action
C) Hostile environment
D) Free riding
E) Nepotism

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Mila was refused a job, in spite of the fact that she had all the required qualifications. The reason for this rejection was that she reacted negatively to an illicit comment made by her interviewer on her dressing. Based on the given information, it would be most accurate to say that Mila is a victim of

A) sexual harassment.
B) nepotism.
C) social loafing.
D) whistleblowing.
E) larceny.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The term ______ is used to refer to all kinds of differences including religious affiliation, age, disability status, economic class, and lifestyle in addition to gender, race, ethnicity, and nationality.

A) diversity
B) specialization
C) differential advantage
D) relativism
E) dexterity

Question 5

Cohesiveness is very high in the case of a diversified workforce.

Question 6

Cross-cultural management is limited to U.S. employees going abroad.

Question 7

In multicultural organizations, workforce diversity not only exists but is valued.

Question 8

An invisible barrier that makes it difficult for certain groups, such as minorities and women, to move beyond a certain level in the organizational hierarchy is referred to as the

A) span of control.
B) glass ceiling.
C) service gap.
D) value chain.
E) Gini index.

Question 9

Brenda has recently been denied a promotion. This is the third time she was turned down for promotion despite excellent performance reviews. Her manager assures her that she was qualified for the promotion but "that's just the way things go." After this latest disappointment, Brenda did an in-depth research on the history of her company. She found that only two women candidates had been promoted to upper management positions in the company's entire history. Which of the following factors is most likely obstructing Brenda's career growth?

A) a diversity-oriented employer
B) a wide span of control
C) the glass ceiling effect
D) the black swan effect
E) an affirmative action

Question 10

A diverse workforce inhibits organizational flexibility because the organization's culture cannot tolerate different styles and approaches.

Question 11

Managing diversity at the workplace typically involves such basic activities as

A) hiring less qualified individuals over those who are more qualified.
B) ensuring that there are no cultural differences between those employed.
C) separating minority employees from the majority.
D) recruiting individuals with different backgrounds.
E) excluding minorities from the workforce.

Question 12

To correct the past exclusion of women and minorities, companies introduced _____ special efforts to recruit and hire qualified members of groups that have been discriminated against in the past.

A) ethnocentrism
B) affirmative action
C) groupthink
D) social audits
E) class action suits

Question 13

Employers who have adopted onsite child care report decreased turnover, decreased absenteeism, and improved morale.

Question 14

__________ refers to the submission to or rejection of sexual conduct that is used as a basis for employment decisions.

A) Social loafing
B) Mutual adjustment
C) Quid pro quo harassment
D) Whistleblowing
E) Fundamental attribution error

Question 15

Pluralistic organizations use an affirmative action approach, actively trying to hire and train a diverse workforce and to prevent any discrimination against minority group members.

Question 16

The traditional American image of diversity emphasized assimilation.

Question 17

In Charleston, South Carolina, about one-fifth of the city's population consisted of various ethnic minorities, but only 12 percent of the employees hired in the public sector were minorities. The city government responded to this issue by increasing minority group members' participation in public contracts. This special program taken up by the government authorities is an example of

A) affirmative action.
B) glass ceiling.
C) nepotism.
D) ethnocentrism.
E) crowdsourcing.

Question 18

_______ is the entire process of understanding and appreciating employee differences to build a more effective and profitable organization.

A) Crowdsourcing
B) Managing diversity
C) Ethnocentrism
D) Differential reinforcement
E) Standardization

Question 19

Companies with a reputation for providing opportunities for diverse employees will have a competitive advantage in the labor market.

Question 20

Stereotypes can cost the organization dearly by stifling employees' ambition so that they don't fully contribute.

Question 21

_____ form the largest unemployed minority population in the United States.

A) People with disabilities
B) Young adults
C) Asians
D) Catholics
E) Married individuals

Question 22

Both categories of harassment, quid pro quo and hostile environment, violate _____, regardless of the sex of the harasser and the victim.

A) Americans with Disabilities Act
B) Fair Labor Standards Act
C) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
D) Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act
E) Equal Employment Opportunity Act

Question 23

Which of the following is considered a disability under Americans with Disabilities Act ADA)?

A) Chicken pox
B) Conjunctivitis
C) Alcoholism
D) Sinus infection
E) Influenza

Question 24

Even when managers do not themselves engage in _____, if they fail to prevent it or to take appropriate action after receiving legitimate complaints about it, they may still be held liable, along with their companies, if a lawsuit is filed.

A) harassment
B) discrimination
C) discipline practices
D) complaining
E) whistleblowing

Question 25

According to the Americans with Disabilities Act ADA), a disability is strictly defined as

A) a physical impairment that precludes someone from working.
B) a disabling condition that makes a person highly dependent on others.
C) a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity.
D) a condition in which a person is paralyzed.
E) the contraction of a disease that is contagious or epidemic.

Question 26

At HN Systems Inc., the authorities are taking special efforts to recruit qualified members from minority groups that have been discriminated against in the past. This is referred to as

A) standardization.
B) affirmative action.
C) mutual adjustment.
D) egocentrism.
E) glass ceiling.

Question 27

Which of the following is the main reason behind the projected slowdown in the pace of growth of the labor force in the United States and other developed countries?

A) lower birth rates
B) lower mortality rates
C) emergence of the baby boom generation
D) increased diversity in the workforce
E) introduction of affirmative action

Question 28

Which of the following is most likely to help employers in preventing an exodus of talent, and retaining skilled and knowledgeable older workers?

A) emphasizing on physical effort
B) introducing phased retirement programs
C) micromanaging older employees
D) increasing the number of work hours
E) limiting training for older employees

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true in regard to the U.S. labor force?

A) It will expand rapidly in the near future.
B) It will experience a decline in the number of people holding college degrees.
C) It will go through a decline in the number of workers aged 55 or older.
D) It will remain steady for the next 25 years.
E) It will see a slowdown in growth.

Question 30

In the context of _____ at the workplace, hostile environment occurs when submission to or rejection of sexual conduct is used as a basis for employment decisions.

A) sexual harassment
B) nepotism
C) quid pro quo
D) whistleblowing
E) racism

Question 31

Behaviors that cause hostile environment in an organization typically include

A) pervasive displays of pornography.
B) engaging in free riding.
C) participating in social loafing.
D) minimizing the glass ceiling effect.
E) taking affirmative action against discrimination.

Question 32

A _____ makes it more difficult for women and minorities to move up the corporate ladder.

A) span of control
B) glass ceiling
C) value chain
D) service gap
E) diversity clause

Question 33

Diversity today excludes differences in

A) economic class.
B) gender.
C) living arrangements.
D) disability status.
E) religious affiliation.

Question 34

How do businesses benefit by hiring physically disabled people?

A) Their costs will reduce as they do not have pay salaries to such employees.
B) They can avail tax credits.
C) They are exempted from paying interests on the loans borrowed.
D) They can legally support the glass ceiling effect.
E) They will never experience a financial loss.

Question 35

The _____ standard applies to same-sex harassment, as well as to non-gender related cases, such as a pattern of racial or ethnic slurs.

A) quid pro quo
B) glass ceiling
C) affirmative action
D) hostile work environment
E) equal employment

Question 36

Reese was offered a promotion in exchange for a date with her supervisor. She was upset as she had no interest in dating him, yet she agreed because she really wanted the promotion. This is an example of

A) social loafing.
B) performance reciprocity.
C) quid pro quo harassment.
D) whistleblowing.
E) sugging.

Question 37

_____ today refers to far more than skin color and gender.

A) Diversity
B) Glass ceiling
C) Affirmative action
D) Quid pro quo
E) Disability

Question 38

Permitting older employees to work fewer hours per week as a strategy to attract and retain these experienced people is an effort toward

A) job rotation.
B) social facilitation.
C) phased retirement.
D) downsizing.
E) micromanaging.

Question 39

Which of the following is true in the context of sexual harassment laws in the United States?

A) Cases of quid pro quo harassment violate Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, but instances of hostile environment do not.
B) Women are protected under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 but not men.
C) Non-gender related cases, such as a pattern of racial or ethnic slurs, are not covered under the hostile work environment standard.
D) Hostile work environment standard can be applied to same-sex harassment cases.
E) Quid pro quo harassment cases are now more typical than harassment by creating a hostile work environment.

Question 40

Future trends in the labor force include an):

A) smaller labor force.
B) inexperienced labor force.
C) more homogenous labor force.
D) younger labor force.
E) less specialized labor force.

Question 41

A study by the Department of Labor's Glass Ceiling Institute showed that

A) the stock performance of firms that were high performers on diversity-related goals was over twice as high as that of other firms.
B) companies with diverse work teams are more likely to succumb to groupthink.
C) the cohesiveness among employees was significantly high in organizations that had a diverse workforce.
D) companies with the highest percentage of women among senior managers had a significantly lower return to shareholders than companies with the lowest percentage.
E) organizations with a diverse workforce lack flexibility and creativity when compared to other firms.

Question 42

When mistrust, miscommunication, stress, and attitudinal differences reduce cohesiveness between a diverse workforce, it is most likely that

A) instances of groupthink increase.
B) productivity declines.
C) ethnocentrism decreases.
D) creativity within teams increases.
E) instances of stereotyping decrease.

Question 43

In today's service and technology economy, more positions require

A) physical strength and stamina.
B) skill in a trade.
C) a college education and even a graduate or professional degree.
D) a technical certificate and a bonding license.
E) soft skills.

Question 44

Sandra was recently denied a promotion at her job. She was told that management was looking for someone who was more aggressive to fill the position. Sandra's coworkers were surprised by the management's decision because she had a reputation for "getting things done." Sandra later overheard one of the managers saying that he did not believe she was committed to her career since "she is a typical woman." This instance exemplifies the problem of _____ associated with a diverse workforce.

A) stereotyping
B) groupthink
C) affirmative action
D) free riding
E) social loafing

Question 45

Less restrictive policies and procedures and less standardized operating methods

A) increase organizational flexibility.
B) make it difficult for organizations to respond quickly to environmental changes.
C) widen the span of control in an organization.
D) make an organization more centralized and mechanistic.
E) increase groupthink within organizations.

Question 46

The _____ defines a disability as a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.

A) Fair Labor Standards Act
B) Americans with Disabilities Act
C) Civil Rights Act
D) Labor-Management Relations Act
E) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

Question 47

_____ diversity promotes creativity and innovation because people from different backgrounds hold different perspectives.

A) Work team
B) Management team
C) Interview team
D) Customer base
E) Supplier base

Question 48

A pluralistic organization is best defined as an organization that

A) has a relatively diverse employee population.
B) has the most synergistic environment.
C) fully integrates minority group members both formally and informally.
D) has no cultural integration.
E) explicitly supports discrimination and prejudice.

Question 49

Work team diversity promotes creativity and innovation because people with different backgrounds

A) value the benefits of stereotyping.
B) are less tolerant toward diverse styles and approaches.
C) hold different perspectives on issues.
D) are bound to adopt standardized operating methods.
E) facilitate the occurrence of groupthink.

Question 50

A diverse workforce is _____ to succumb to groupthink.

A) less likely
B) more likely
C) not at all likely
D) extremely likely
E) likely

Question 51

Which of the following is an advantage of managing a diverse workforce?

A) development of standardized operating methods
B) greater chances of groupthink
C) ability to leverage creativity and innovation in problem solving
D) ability to efficiently reap the benefits of the glass ceiling effect
E) increased cohesiveness

Question 52

Companies with a reputation for providing opportunities for diverse employees are most likely to

A) have a disadvantage in the labor market.
B) have a homogenous workforce.
C) take greater time in responding to environmental changes.
D) attract and retain motivated employees.
E) facilitate groupthink among its employees.

Question 53

Which of the following is one of the disadvantages commonly associated with a diversified workforce?

A) reduced organizational flexibility
B) increased groupthink
C) increased communication problems
D) enhanced cohesiveness
E) reduced creativity and innovation

Question 54

Frequently employers have found that _____ tend to be more dependable than other employees, miss fewer days of work, and exhibit lower turnover.

A) disabled employees
B) female employees
C) male employees
D) young employees
E) older employees

Question 55

In monolithic organizations

A) minorities primarily hold low-status jobs.
B) minority members identify strongly with the company.
C) minority members need not adopt the norms of the majority to survive.
D) cultural integration is very high.
E) discrimination and prejudice are almost non-existent.

Question 56

Carmen assigned a newly hired employee, Raj, to the accounting department because the department needs to work more quickly and accurately. Carmen assumed that the new employee could provide the needed energy. Unfortunately, the other workers seem to resent Raj's presence because of his cultural and ethnic background. They have further excluded him from the work group. This has made Raj's work more difficult since he is not really given the "inside" information needed to perform his work efficiently. Which of the challenges of a diversified workforce appears to be operating most prominently in this scenario?

A) gender discrimination
B) groupthink
C) lower cohesiveness
D) greater flexibility
E) decentralized decision making

Question 57

A monolithic organization is _____ in terms of its employee population.

A) highly homogeneous
B) highly geocentric
C) highly flexible
D) culturally integrated
E) racially diverse

Question 58

In monolithic organizations, conflicts among groups tend to be low. Which of the following is most likely to be the reason behind this low rate of conflict?

A) In monolithic organizations, minorities are employed at all job levels.
B) In monolithic organizations, minority group members have to adopt the norms of the majority to survive.
C) In monolithic organizations, diversity not only exists but is valued.
D) In monolithic organizations, the level of cultural integration is very high.
E) In monolithic organizations, the minority group members identify strongly with the company.

Question 59

When employees believe that their differences are not merely tolerated but valued, they are likely to

A) succumb to groupthink.
B) practice free riding.
C) become more loyal.
D) become more rigid.
E) become less productive.

Question 60

An organization that has the least structural integration of diverse workers is

A) a monolithic organization.
B) a multicultural organization.
C) most likely to fully integrate minority group members both formally and informally.
D) a pluralistic organization.
E) most likely to use affirmative action approach to prevent any discrimination.

Question 61

Which of the following is the first step to be taken in the process of cultivating a diverse workforce?

A) gaining the support of top management regarding diversity
B) supplying diversity data to government agencies
C) conducting an organizational assessment
D) accommodating employees' work and family needs
E) providing awareness training to the human resources department

Question 62

Which of the following organizations places the greatest value on cultural diversity and addresses the cultural aspects of integration?

A) monolithic
B) multicultural
C) homogenous
D) pluralistic
E) ethnocentric

Question 63

Which of the following is true of pluralistic organizations?

A) These organizations use an affirmative action approach.
B) The employee population in these organizations is completely homogenous.
C) These organizations typically have much lesser integration than monolithic organizations.
D) These organizations typically have much higher integration than multicultural organizations.
E) Conflict among groups is nonexistent in these organizations.

Question 64

A multicultural organization is best defined as an organization

A) in which diversity not only exists but is valued.
B) with a homogeneous employee population.
C) that is marked by a presence of prejudice and discrimination.
D) that lacks cultural integration.
E) that is marked by high levels of intergroup conflicts.

Question 65

Awareness building in diversity training is designed to

A) make managers aware of the problems involved in promoting workplace diversity.
B) impart specific skills to managers.
C) increase recognition of the meaning and importance of valuing diversity.
D) educate employees on ways to improve their interpersonal skills.
E) make managers aware of the need to give members of minority groups low-status jobs.

Question 66

The difference between monolithic organizations and multicultural organizations is that

A) monolithic organizations have a higher degree of structural integration.
B) monolithic organizations use an affirmative action approach to eliminate discrimination.
C) monolithic organizations are marked by an absence of discrimination and prejudice.
D) multicultural organizations place greater value on diversity.
E) multicultural organizations focus solely on employees' visible differences.

Question 67

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of multicultural organizations?

A) They do not employ people from minority groups.
B) They are marked by an absence of prejudice and discrimination.
C) Minority group members tend to be clustered only at certain levels in such organizations.
D) Managers in such organizations focus primarily on employees' visible differences.
E) They are marked by high levels of intergroup conflicts.

Question 68

Typically, diversity training has two components

A) skill building and technical training.
B) personal values assessment and skills training.
C) reverse mentoring and technical training.
D) awareness building and skill building.
E) reverse mentoring and gap analysis.

Question 69

The difference between pluralistic organizations and multicultural organizations is that pluralistic organizations

A) have much more structural integration.
B) do not use an affirmative action approach.
C) are marked by an absence of discrimination and prejudice.
D) fail to address the cultural aspects of integration.
E) are marked by lower levels of intergroup conflict.

Question 70

Ryan, as part of his recent promotion, attended a training program that focused on issues like active listening, mentoring, and giving feedback. The training program required Ryan to participate in exercises that focused on these areas along with other managers and employees. Ryan found the seminar to be very helpful in pointing out the different approaches preferred by people from different backgrounds. This type of instruction is common in diversity training and is referred to as

A) reverse mentoring.
B) skill building.
C) gap analysis.
D) awareness building.
E) homogeneity training.

Question 71

Integrating diversity into a corporate mission statement, providing adequate funding toward diversity efforts, and establishing corporate positions responsible for the management of diversity programs are all efforts that demonstrate top management's

A) commitment toward managing diversity.
B) attempt to build a monolithic organization.
C) commitment toward reducing corporate governance.
D) failure to address the cultural aspects of integration.
E) determination toward promoting ethnocentrism.

Question 72

Which of the following is true of multicultural organizations?

A) They do not employ people from minority groups.
B) They fully integrate minority group members both formally and informally.
C) In these organizations, minority group members tend to be clustered only at certain levels.
D) Managers in such organizations focus primarily on employees' visible differences.
E) These organizations are marked by high levels of intergroup conflict.

Question 73

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of pluralistic organizations?

A) absence of affirmative action to prevent discrimination
B) high prevalence of discrimination and prejudice
C) presence of a highly homogeneous workforce
D) high levels of intergroup conflicts
E) presence of minorities at all levels or functions

Question 74

The difference between monolithic organizations and pluralistic organizations is that

A) monolithic organizations are much more culturally integrated.
B) pluralistic organizations do not use an affirmative action approach to eliminate discrimination.
C) pluralistic organizations are marked by a complete absence of discrimination and prejudice.
D) pluralistic organizations have a more diverse employee population.
E) monolithic organizations tend to have higher levels of intergroup conflicts.

Question 75

______ are higher-level managers who help ensure that high-potential people are introduced to top management and socialized into the norms and values of the organization.

A) Mentors
B) Nepotists
C) Category captains
D) Whistleblowers
E) Free riders

Question 76

Selene, a new recruit at Yellow Systems Inc., was encouraged to join the Hispanic Help Group HHP) to discuss the challenges and opportunities faced by Hispanics at work. The group helped individuals like Selena, who came from a diverse background, understand the norms, culture, and other employees within the organization. With the help of this group, Selena was able to adjust to the organization more quickly and effectively. Thus, Hispanic Help Group is an example of an)

A) association of whistleblowers.
B) employee support group.
C) focus group.
D) quality circle.
E) cross-functional group.

Question 77

Retaining good workers, irrespective of their diverse backgrounds, is becoming increasingly important because

A) the younger workforce has lower educational qualifications.
B) replacing experienced workers has become more costly.
C) the number of monolithic organizations are increasing.
D) the market demand for labor force is reducing.
E) converting pluralistic organizations into monolithic organizations has become necessary.

Question 78

Which of the following is one of the goals of diversity training?

A) maintaining a homogenous team
B) identifying and reducing hidden biases toward minority groups
C) increasing instances of groupthink
D) decreasing cultural integration
E) encouraging minority group members to adopt the norms of the majority

Question 79

An) _____ organization has a highly diverse employee population and takes steps to involve people from different cultural backgrounds.

A) monolithic
B) pluralistic
C) multicultural
D) ethnocentric
E) parochial

Question 80

The similarity between monolithic organizations and pluralistic organizations is that

A) they do not employ people from minority groups.
B) they fully integrate minority group members both formally and informally.
C) minority group members tend to be clustered at certain levels in both these organizations.
D) discrimination and prejudices are nonexistent in these organizations.
E) conflict among groups is very low in these organizations.