Deck 15: Understanding and Managing Individual Behavior

Question 1

The study of group behavior includes the study of ________.

A)perception,motivation,and learning
B)attitudes and personality
C)norms,roles,and leadership
D)organization structure and culture

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is true for satisfied employees with high organizational commitment?

A)lower rates of turnover and absenteeism
B)higher rates of voluntary turnover
C)higher rates of cognitive dissonance
D)lower levels of job involvement

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The degree to which an employee identifies with his or her job or actively participates in it refers to the employee's ________.

A)job involvement
B)organizational citizenship behavior
C)attitude
D)job satisfaction

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization is the employee's ________.

A)job involvement
B)organizational commitment
C)job satisfaction
D)organizational citizenship

Question 5

The component of attitude that includes beliefs and opinions is the ________ component.

A)cognitive
B)behavioral
C)affective
D)mental

Question 6

The goals of organizational behavior can be stated as: If you can explain it,you can predict it.If you can predict it,you can influence it.

Question 7

________ is a performance measure of both the efficiency and effectiveness of employees.

A)Employee productivity
B)Organizational citizenship behavior
C)Job satisfaction
D)Employee morale

Question 8

In the statement,"The highway is very busy at 5 p.m.and is scary to drive on,so I'll wait until 7 p.m.to go home," the phrase,"so I'll wait until 7 p.m.to go home," represents which component of an attitude?

A)cognitive
B)behavioral
C)emotive
D)affective

Question 9

________ is defined as the failure to report to work.

A)Turnover
B)Tardiness
C)Absenteeism
D)Negligence

Question 10

The ________ component of attitude is based on emotions.

A)cognitive
B)behavioral
C)affective
D)spiritual

Question 11

Individual behavior in organizations includes ________.

A)strategies,norms,and roles
B)attitudes,learning,and motivation
C)structure,culture,and team building
D)policies and procedures

Question 12

In the statement,"The highway is very busy at 5 p.m.,and is scary to drive on,so I'll wait until 7 p.m.to go home," the word "scary" represents which component of an attitude?

A)cognitive
B)behavioral
C)practical
D)affective

Question 13

The three components that make up an attitude are ________ components.

A)cognitive,affective,and behavioral
B)active,behavioral,and adjustable
C)emotional,creative,and environmental
D)intentional,reactive,and adjustable

Question 14

________ is employees' general belief that their organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being.

A)Job involvement
B)Organizational commitment
C)Perceived organizational support
D)Organizational citizenship

Question 15

When someone chooses to act in a certain way,she is demonstrating the ________ component of her attitude.

A)cognitive
B)behavioral
C)affective
D)practices

Question 16

Which component of attitude is reflected in the sentence,"This is the best way to reach the place"?

A)cognitive
B)behavioral
C)emotive
D)affective

Question 17

Organizational behavior is concerned only with group interactions.

Question 18

Which of the following is true for organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)?

A)OCB is a performance measure of efficiency.
B)The requirements of OCB are spelt out in employee job profiles.
C)OCB is the behavior leading to permanent withdrawal from an organization.
D)OCB is discretionary behavior which promotes the effective functioning of the organization.

Question 19

Organizational citizenship behavior is discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements.

Question 20

What is organizational behavior? How can the study of organizational behavior help managers?

Question 21

Sandy is very good at precise work.He does not tire of repetitive work as easily as some of the others.However,when faced with a new problem that requires an innovative solution,his performance is not satisfactory.Sandy's personality is likely to be classified as a(n)________ type.

A)sensing
B)feeling
C)introvert
D)intuitive

Question 22

In the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI),"sensing" personality types are those who ________.

A)like solving new problems and dislike doing the same thing over and over again
B)use reason and logic to handle problems
C)have a high need for closure and show patience with routine details
D)see the big picture and dislike routine

Question 23

As a manager,if you prefer to have a harmonious work environment and dislike reprimanding your subordinates,you would probably score high on the ________ aspect of the MBTI®.

A)perception
B)thinking
C)intuition
D)feeling

Question 24

Employees with a high level of job involvement strongly identify with and really care about the kind of work they do.

Question 25

Define attitudes.List and discuss the three components of attitudes and include an example of a statement that describes each component to support your answer.

Question 26

Doug is purposeful and an excellent planner.One thing that his team admires him for is his ability to sift through a whole lot of information to extract precisely what is needed for a job at hand.He is also a quick decision maker.Which of the following personality types does Doug fit into?

A)sensing
B)perceptive
C)extraverted
D)judging

Question 27

Research indicates that satisfied employees have lower levels of turnover while dissatisfied employees have higher levels of turnover.

Question 28

Cognitive dissonance is any incompatibility or inconsistency between attitudes or between behavior and attitudes.

Question 29

Which of the following is true according to the MBTI®?

A)Introverted types are practical and prefer routine and order.
B)Feeling types use reason and logic to handle problems.
C)Perceiving types are rigid and structured.
D)Judging types want control and prefer their world to be ordered.

Question 30

The regular use of ________ can alert managers to potential problems and employees' intentions early enough to do something about them.

A)employee engagement
B)performance incentives
C)employee benefit plans
D)attitude surveys

Question 31

Alan's temperament is not well-suited to being a researcher.He tends to dislike doing the same thing twice and has no patience to sort out information step-by-step.As a result,he often jumps to conclusions.Alan is most likely a(n)________ type of personality.

A)sensing
B)feeling
C)introversion
D)intuition

Question 32

Low levels of perceived organizational support lead to lower turnover.

Question 33

If your boss could be described as flexible,adaptable,and tolerant,he or she would probably score high on which of the following aspects of the MBTI®?

A)extraversion
B)sensing
C)feeling
D)perceiving

Question 34

Perceived organizational support is the degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals.

Question 35

Mary dislikes having to convince prospective customers to buy products that she believes are inferior to others in the market.However,she has sales targets for all products,superior or otherwise,that she must meet in order to receive her commission.Although Mary tries to meet the target sales for all products,she is torn between her beliefs and the actions she must take.This inconsistency or incompatibility is known as ________.

A)negative feedback
B)difficult objectives
C)cognitive dissonance
D)management by objectives

Question 36

George gets along well with most people in the team.He is good at his job but needs to be reassured once in a while.Another of George's traits is that he is always trying to keep everyone happy.George can be described as a(n)________ personality.

A)sensing
B)feeling
C)introverted
D)intuitive

Question 37

Explain cognitive dissonance theory in brief.

Question 38

The cognitive component of an attitude refers to the beliefs,opinions,knowledge,or information held by a person.

Question 39

If you are a good planner and purposeful,you would probably score high on the ________ trait of MBTI®.

A)thinking
B)perceiving
C)introversion
D)judging

Question 40

The cognitive dissonance theory proposes that the intensity of the desire to reduce dissonance is determined by ________.

A)importance,influence,and rewards
B)resources,commitment,and organizational structure
C)stability,position,and power
D)awareness,status,and punishments

Question 41

According to research,employees who have a high internal locus of control ________.

A)exhibit more satisfaction with their jobs than externals
B)are more alienated from their work setting than externals
C)are less involved in their jobs as compared to externals
D)blame their bosses for poor performance more often than externals

Question 42

In the Big Five Model of personality,________ refers to the degree to which someone is good-natured,cooperative,and trusting.

A)extraversion
B)agreeableness
C)conscientiousness
D)emotional stability

Question 43

People with high self-esteem ________.

A)are more prone to conform to the beliefs of those they respect
B)are more likely to seek approval from others
C)are more likely to take unpopular stands
D)are more susceptible to external influence

Question 44

If you believe that you control your own destiny,which of the following personality traits are you likely to possess?

A)external locus of control
B)risk aversion
C)high self-esteem
D)internal locus of control

Question 45

In the Big Five Model of personality,conscientiousness refers to ________.

A)the degree to which someone is calm,enthusiastic,and secure (positive)or tense,nervous,depressed,and insecure (negative)
B)the degree to which someone is sociable,talkative,assertive,and comfortable in relationships with others
C)the degree to which someone is reliable,responsible,dependable,persistent,and achievement oriented
D)the degree of influence the individual believes he or she has over certain factors

Question 46

Which of the following is true of a person who believes that "the ends justify the means"?

A)He is likely to be low on self-confidence.
B)He is likely to be high in Machiavellianism.
C)He is likely to have an external locus of control.
D)He is likely to be risk averse.

Question 47

People who identify opportunities,show initiative,take action,and persevere until meaningful change occurs are said to have ________ personalities.

A)proactive
B)self-aware
C)reactive
D)agreeable

Question 48

Peter,an assistant manager,exhibits a distinct lack of emotional involvement with his colleagues and subordinates.His entire focus is on achieving the goals he sets,no matter what the course he has to take to get there.These traits lead an observer to conclude that Peter ________.

A)is high on Machiavellianism
B)has low self-esteem
C)is high on self-monitoring
D)has high cognitive dissonance

Question 49

A person who believes that what happens to him is due to luck or chance is said to have a(n)________.

A)internal locus of control
B)Machiavellian personality
C)external locus of control
D)self-monitoring personality

Question 50

According to the Big Five Model of personality,a person who has a wide range of interests and is imaginative,fascinated with novelty,artistically sensitive,and intellectual is described as ________.

A)conscientious
B)extraverted
C)emotionally stable
D)open to experience

Question 51

________ is a personality trait that measures an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior according to external situational factors.

A)Self-awareness
B)Self-esteem
C)Self-monitoring
D)Self-management

Question 52

Kevin is a whirlwind as a research and development supervisor.His colleagues are surprised that even though he makes decisions very quickly and always with less information than others,his decisions are as good as anybody else's.This information implies that Kevin has ________.

A)high intuition
B)high Machiavellianism
C)high risk-taking ability
D)low cognitive dissonance

Question 53

If you like yourself,then your personality would be described as having ________.

A)an internal locus of control
B)a high Machiavellianism score
C)high self-esteem
D)an external locus of control

Question 54

A person who can adapt and adjust behavior to external factors has ________.

A)low self-esteem
B)an internal locus of control
C)high self-monitoring
D)high risk-taking ability

Question 55

The Big Five Model of personality includes ________.

A)intuition
B)judgment
C)perception
D)extraversion

Question 56

Though clearly capable,Mary does not seem very confident of herself.She is always unsure of whether she can handle assignments that are difficult and as a result ends up choosing jobs that are fairly straight forward and involve routine work.She is also susceptible to evaluations from other people.Mary seems to have ________.

A)high cognitive dissonance
B)a high Machiavellianism score
C)low self-monitoring
D)low self-esteem

Question 57

A manager makes decisions very quickly and requires little information for making the decisions.Which of the following is a likely reason for this?

A)The manager has low self-esteem.
B)The manager is high in self-management.
C)The manager is high in emotional stability.
D)The manager is high in risk-taking.

Question 58

An individual who is high in ________ is pragmatic,maintains emotional distance,and believes that ends can justify means.

A)self-esteem
B)Machiavellianism
C)self-monitoring
D)risk taking

Question 59

Emotional intelligence has been shown to be ________.

A)negatively related to job performance at all levels
B)negatively related to job performance in middle management only
C)positively related to job performance only in mechanistic organizations
D)positively related to job performance at all levels

Question 60

Sarah,the floor supervisor,seems to be a different person depending on whom she is with and what the situation demands.She has the ability to adjust her behavior as and when required.This indicates that she ________.

A)has low self-esteem
B)is low on Machiavellianism
C)has a high need for affiliation
D)is high in self-monitoring

Question 61

Individuals with low self-esteem are more susceptible to external influence than are people with high self-esteem.

Question 62

Underestimating the influence of external factors and overestimating the influence of internal factors when making judgments about others is known as the ________.

A)fundamental attribution error
B)self-serving bias
C)locus of control error
D)halo effect

Question 63

Bridget prefers rule-regulated,orderly,and unambiguous activities.She doesn't have a lot of imagination but could be described as conforming and efficient.Which of the following describes Bridget's personality?

A)anti-social
B)dull
C)conservative
D)conventional

Question 64

Extraversion is the degree to which someone is sociable,talkative,assertive,and comfortable in relationships with others.

Question 65

In the Big Five Model,emotional security was found to be positively related to job performance.

Question 66

Describe the Big Five Model.List and discuss the five personality traits that are based on the Big Five Model of personality.

Question 67

If everyone who's faced with a similar situation responds in the same way,we can say the behavior shows ________.

A)reliability
B)consistency
C)consensus
D)internal attribution

Question 68

High self-monitors can't adjust their behavior and there's high behavioral consistency between who they are and what they do.

Question 69

People say she will be late for her own funeral.It doesn't matter whether it's a team meeting or a meeting with her son's teacher,Malinda will be late.But she always has a plausible reason,one that is never her fault.Malinda's behavior shows ________.

A)high distinctiveness
B)low distinctiveness
C)high consensus
D)low consensus

Question 70

There is enough evidence to support the validity of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality.

Question 71

________ is the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors such as ability or effort while putting the blame for personal failure on external factors such as luck.

A)Locus of control error
B)Stereotyping
C)Fundamental attribution error
D)Self-serving bias

Question 72

Holland's theory proposes that satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest when ________.

A)the locus of control is internal
B)an employee is social and realistic
C)personality and occupation are compatible
D)an employee can adjust behavior to external factors

Question 73

A person who rates as being high in Machiavellianism would use any means to accomplish a task.

Question 74

In a short essay,list and discuss five personality traits (not the Big Five)that have proven to be powerful in explaining individual behavior in organizations.

Question 75

________ theory explains how we judge people differently depending on what meaning we ascribe to a given behavior.

A)Perception
B)Behavior
C)Attribution
D)Stereotype

Question 76

________ is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory impressions to give meaning to the environment.

A)Attribution
B)Selection
C)Cognition
D)Perception

Question 77

The ability to sense how others are feeling is known as ________.

A)agreeableness
B)empathy
C)sympathy
D)relationship management

Question 78

What is a key point of Holland's theory?

A)There are no intrinsic differences in personality among individuals.
B)All jobs are relatively the same,it is personality types that differ.
C)People in job environments compatible with their personality types should be more satisfied.
D)Employee turnover is highest when personality and occupation are compatible.

Question 79

People in the accounting department generally arrive 15 minutes early.So does Valerie,who is late today.This situation shows ________.

A)high consensus
B)low consensus
C)high consistency
D)low consistency

Question 80

"He could do it if he wanted to.He just doesn't like that part of his job,that's all." A statement like this from a supervisor indicates ________.

A)locus of control error
B)the horn effect
C)a halo effect
D)a fundamental attribution error