Deck 11: Consumers in Situations

Question 1

For task-oriented shoppers, aesthetics of a website are more important than ease of navigation.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Outshopping is often motivated simply by the desire for the experience.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

One result of mental budgeting is that a consumer who has recently splurged on spending in one category will tend to make up for the exuberance through under-consumption in another category.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Payday loans offer hedonic value to consumers.

Question 5

Situational influences are enduring characteristics of either a particular consumer or a product or brand.

Question 6

Consumers' value perceptions remain more or less the same during an entire year.

Question 7

The impact of color and sound in the virtual shopping world is very different from that in bricks-and-mortar shopping environments.

Question 8

Consumers who experience time pressure are able to recall more information about product choices than are consumers in the same situation who are not under the situational influence of time pressure.

Question 9

Among all methods of payment, cash payments have a way of emphasizing the sacrifice required for purchase.

Question 10

Consumers experiencing time pressure are more likely to rely on simple choice heuristics than are those in less-tense situations.

Question 11

Time pressure can switch a consumer's orientation from hedonic to utilitarian.

Question 12

Temporal factors include situational influences related to economic resources, orientation, mood, and other emotional perceptions such as fear.

Question 13

Increasing the number and visibility of security personnel can induce fear in consumers because too many security personnel make consumers nervous.

Question 14

A circadian cycle is the rhythm of seasons that varies with the time of the year.

Question 15

Images placed in the background of a website can produce active thoughts when consumer knowledge is low.

Question 16

Signs that emphasize price by using large numerals create the perception of an upscale store.

Question 17

When time is scarce, consumers process more information because of the adrenaline rush.

Question 18

Epistemic shopping includes activities oriented toward a specific, intended purchase or purchases.

Question 19

The presence of background music enhances service quality perceptions relative to an environment with no background music.

Question 20

A fearful consumer tends to buy less and enjoy the experience less.

Question 21

In the context of consumer behavior, situational influences do not affect the value of things.

Question 22

Consumers who perceive a product in a predominantly red and orange background tend to think the product is of higher quality.

Question 23

Contrary to common belief, images hardly play any role in shaping the virtual shopping experience.

Question 24

Simple unplanned purchases usually lack any real emotional involvement or significant amounts of self-gratification.

Question 25

Which of the following will create a perception of a discount store?

A) Playing music below the audible threshold
B) Using predominantly blue background for displays
C) Limiting the use of direct fluorescent (white) lighting
D) Using signs that emphasize price by using large numerals

Question 26

In the context of consumer behavior, food items are susceptible to seasonal influence.

Question 27

Consumers in good moods find more hedonic value in shopping.

Question 28

_____ refers to a salesperson who is capable of conveying emotional information to shape a more valuable outcome for consumers.

A) Emotional ability
B) Emotional contagion
C) Emotional attractiveness
D) Emotional dependability

Question 29

Which of the following types of shopping is characterized by recreationally oriented activities designed to provide interest, excitement, relaxation, fun, social interaction, or some other desired feeling?

A) Epistemic shopping
B) Impulsive shopping
C) Experiential shopping
D) Acquisitional shopping

Question 30

Every year, as soon as spring arrives, people start working in their yards. Home improvement stores and nurseries start selling annuals for flower beds to cater to the demand of consumers. Such demands are most likely influenced by _____.

A) seasonality
B) the circadian cycle
C) smart agent software
D) epistemic orientation

Question 31

Incongruent music lowers consumers' quality perceptions.

Question 32

E-gift cards are far less likely to be redeemed than physical gift cards.

Question 33

Seasonality refers to regularly occurring conditions that vary with the time of the day.

Question 34

Outshopping is a term used to refer to consumers who are shopping simply to increase an ever-growing body of knowledge about some product category of interest.

Question 35

_____ is a personality trait that represents how sensitive a consumer is to immediate rewards.

A) Affective quality
B) Seasonality
C) Neuroticism
D) Impulsivity

Question 36

Maintaining an uncrowded, open entrance can enhance value by making consumers feel safer.

Question 37

Time pressure shapes the value consumers perceive in products by influencing both quality and price perceptions.

Question 38

A high degree of crowding produces the most positive outcomes in terms of shopping affect, purchase behavior, consumer satisfaction, and shopping value.

Question 39

A consumer is less likely to make a purchase when he is outshopping.

Question 40

Retailers with a high proportion of action-oriented consumers in their target market are more likely to thrive on consumers' impulse purchases.

Question 41

Situational characteristics that a consumer brings to a particular information processing, purchase, or consumption environment are referred to as _____.

A) servicescape
B) atmospherics
C) retail personality
D) antecedent conditions

Question 42

We get used to waking up at the same time every day and feeling sleepy at the same time every night because of the _____.

A) cardiac rhythm
B) circaseptan rhythm
C) circadian cycle
D) arrhythmic cycle

Question 43

Which of the following retail approaches is aimed at encouraging impulse purchases?

A) Merchandising complementary products together
B) Creating a functional atmosphere
C) Airing advertisements based on seasonal patterns
D) Playing the latest pop song in the store

Question 44

Which of the following types of shopping is characterized by activities oriented toward acquiring knowledge about products?

A) Epistemic shopping
B) Acquisitional shopping
C) Experiential shopping
D) Impulsive shopping

Question 45

Nevaeh, the owner of a luxury clothing store, keeps reed diffusers dipped in a mild citrus fragrance all across her store. She feels that the subtle fragrance helps the shoppers relax, uplifts their mood, and improves their shopping experience. In the given scenario, Nevaeh is trying to appeal to the _____ of the shoppers.

A) circadian cycle
B) emotional ability
C) situational memory
D) olfactory senses

Question 46

The management of Saga, a newly opened upscale clothing store, intends to position Saga as a premium and exclusive store. Which of the following, when implemented, is most likely to convey the perception of an upscale store to consumers?

A) Using direct fluorescent lighting in all areas of the store
B) Using pop music as the foreground music in the store
C) Using a predominantly blue background for product display
D) Using signage with large numerals to indicate product price clearly

Question 47

Lori prefers to purchase cosmetics at self-service drug stores. The saleswomen at cosmetic counters in department stores intimidate her because she thinks they are prettier than her. This self-evaluation conducted by Lori is an example of _____.

A) action orientation
B) social comparison
C) consumer self-regulation
D) congruity

Question 48

The term _____ refers to the retail positioning that emphasizes a unique environment, exciting décor, friendly employees, and the feelings experienced in a retail place.

A) temporal factor
B) affective quality
C) functional quality
D) ecological factor

Question 49

_____ refers to ad buys that include a schedule that runs the advertisement primarily at times when customers will be most receptive to the message.

A) Crowding
B) Advertiming
C) Outshopping
D) Seasonality

Question 50

Diane buys most of her day-to-day household provisions from a local supermarket. During one of her visits to the store, she found it unusually crowded. She did not want to wait in the long checkout queue, so she decided to go to another store. Diane's decision is a result of a(n) _____.

A) cultural influence
B) situational influence
C) ecological influence
D) physiological influence

Question 51

The way a store is defined in the mind of a shopper based on the combination of functional and affective qualities is known as _____.

A) antecedent condition
B) temporal factor
C) retail personality
D) ecological factor

Question 52

Airing commercials for sleep medication during late night hours is an example of _____.

A) advertiming
B) atmospherics
C) near-field communication
D) crowding

Question 53

John is generally thrifty and believes in spending wisely. However, after a bad day at work, John went shopping and ended up buying and spending much more than what he usually does. The antecedent condition that is most likely accountable for John's increased volume of purchase and spending is _____.

A) buying power
B) budgeting
C) mood
D) orientation

Question 54

The products of Kyra, a retail chain store, are targeted toward working women. The store offers trendy clothing and accessories. Every Kyra store is designed in a distinctive style to project a unique impression. Kyra's goal is to create an emotionally rewarding experience for women and to provide high hedonic shopping value. The positioning of Kyra stores emphasizes the _____ of shopping.

A) temporal factor
B) ecological factor
C) functional quality
D) affective quality

Question 55

In the context of atmospherics, _____ represents the emotional meaning of an environment, which results from the sum effect of all ambient attributes that affect the way one feels in that place.

A) functional quality
B) an antecedent condition
C) affective quality
D) an ecological factor

Question 56

_____ refers to the retail positioning that emphasizes tangible things like a wide selection of goods, low prices, guarantees, and knowledgeable employees.

A) State orientation
B) Affective quality
C) Functional quality
D) Action orientation

Question 57

Which of the following represents the worth of an activity because the time spent doing the activity itself is personally gratifying?

A) Hedonic shopping value
B) Acquisition shopping value
C) Utilitarian shopping value
D) Unplanned shopping value

Question 58

Betsy hates shopping for groceries. Therefore, after finishing grocery shopping every Saturday, she feels glad as she does not have to shop for groceries anymore for the rest of the week. Betsy most likely receives _____ from grocery shopping.

A) compulsive shopping value
B) hedonic shopping value
C) impulsive shopping value
D) utilitarian shopping value

Question 59

Impulsive shopping activities are associated with:

A) a diminished regard for costs or consequences.
B) an insignificant amount of self-gratification.
C) low emotional involvement.
D) utilitarian rather than hedonic shopping value.

Question 60

_____ is the overall subjective worth of a shopping activity considering all associated costs and benefits.

A) Affective quality
B) Personal shopping value
C) Atmospherics
D) Retail personality

Question 61

Which of the following statements is true in the context of the use of music in atmospherics?

A) Congruent music lowers consumers' quality perceptions.
B) Pop music used in the background contributes to upscale store perceptions.
C) The speed of the background music determines the speed at which consumers shop.
D) Service quality perceptions are most enhanced in an environment with no background music.

Question 62

Which of the following is true of unplanned shopping?

A) It is characterized by situational memory.
B) It has a hedonic orientation.
C) It is uncontrollable.
D) It is driven by chronic depression.

Question 63

Nancy went to a home store with the intention of purchasing a sprinkler system. However, she left the store without buying the system because she felt that the salesperson did not give her proper attention and did not answer her questions satisfactorily. This is an example of a _____ altering a consumer's perception of value.

A) product influence
B) situational influence
C) cultural influence
D) brand influence

Question 64

Jean often accompanies her friends on shopping trips. While shopping, she cannot resist the temptation to buy products on sale and ends up spending a lot more than her planned budget. Based on the given information, we can conclude that Jean is a(n) _____.

A) utilitarian consumer
B) acquisitional consumer
C) state-oriented consumer
D) action-oriented consumer

Question 65

When shopping, Timothy buys only those items that are on his shopping list. He does not let sales, promotional events, or other tempting offers persuade him to deviate from his list. This way he ensures that he never exceeds his budget. In the context of the given scenario, Timothy is a(n) _____.

A) experiential consumer
B) compulsive consumer
C) state-oriented consumer
D) action-oriented consumer

Question 66

Marian is a single mother with two children. She is often busy during weekends, so she tries to squeeze in time for grocery shopping during the week. She usually picks up staples such as bread, eggs, and milk on her way back from work. Marian's shopping for groceries and other staples is an example of _____.

A) epistemic shopping
B) acquisitional shopping
C) experiential shopping
D) impulsive shopping

Question 67

Which of the following types of shopping involves spontaneous activities characterized by a diminished regard for consequences, heightened emotional involvement, and a desire for immediate self-fulfillment?

A) Acquisitional shopping
B) Epistemic shopping
C) Experiential shopping
D) Impulsive shopping

Question 68

Consumers with a low capacity to self-regulate their behavior are referred to as _____.

A) experiential consumers
B) compulsive consumers
C) state-oriented consumers
D) action-oriented consumers

Question 69

In the context of consumer behavior, which of the following is true of situational influences?

A) They directly affect consumer decision making.
B) They are dependent on product characteristics.
C) They do not directly represent the context in which the concerned act takes place.
D) They do not affect the eventual product value experienced by a consumer.

Question 70

In the context of atmospherics, the term _____ refers to how appropriate the elements of an environment are for a given environment.

A) fit
B) congruity
C) affect
D) antecedence

Question 71

Which of the following elements is most likely to influence the functional quality of a shopping environment?

A) Crowded entrance
B) Upbeat music
C) Cool color
D) Low price

Question 72

_____ represents the worth obtained because some shopping task or job is completed successfully.

A) Utilitarian shopping value
B) Hedonic shopping value
C) Impulsive shopping value
D) Compulsive shopping value

Question 73

Unlike impulsive consumer behavior, compulsive consumer behavior:

A) is characterized by situational memory.
B) has a utilitarian orientation.
C) is uncontrollable.
D) has a rational explanation.

Question 74

Which of the following represents an urgency to act based on some real or self-imposed deadline?

A) Financial pressure
B) Social pressure
C) Time pressure
D) Peer pressure

Question 75

One of the influences of _____ is that women purchase more beauty-related products during certain phases and more food-related products during other phases.

A) action orientation
B) functional orientation
C) the circadian cycle
D) the menstrual cycle

Question 76

While coming out of a subway station, Melanie saw a sale on sunglasses in a subway store. Though she did not intend to buy anything, she ended up buying a pair of sunglasses because the deal seemed too good to miss. Melanie's purchase best exemplifies an instance of _____.

A) experiential shopping
B) epistemic shopping
C) impulsive shopping
D) acquisitional shopping

Question 77

_____ refers to a buyer's inclination to obstruct external or circumstantial influences from interfering with his or her shopping choices.

A) Consumer self-regulation
B) Consumer congruity
C) Outshopping pattern
D) Affective quality

Question 78

Eva usually makes a grocery list before going for grocery shopping. While shopping last weekend, she happened to notice toothbrushes in the checkout display. The display reminded her that it was almost time to change her brush. She decided to buy a toothbrush, though it was not on her shopping list. In the given scenario, the purchase of the toothbrush is an example of _____.

A) experiential shopping
B) epistemic shopping
C) unplanned shopping
D) compulsive shopping

Question 79

Janice spends her weekends with her friends at shopping malls. Her weekend shopping trips are driven by boredom rather than by the intention of making a specific purchase. She finds these outings interesting and relaxing. Janice's weekend trips to shopping malls are an example of _____.

A) acquisitional shopping
B) experiential shopping
C) compulsive shopping
D) unplanned shopping

Question 80

In consumer behavior (CB), the term _____ refers to the emotional nature of an environment or to the feelings created by the total aura of physical attributes that comprise the physical environment.

A) seasonality
B) atmospherics
C) antecedent condition
D) temporal factor