Deck 15: Change, Innovation, and Conflict Resolution

Question 1

Which conflict resolution technique does not attempt to determine any solution or resolution to the conflict?

A) collaborating
B) confronting
C) competing
D) avoiding

Answer 1

avoiding

Question 2

You observe a nurse continue to openly resist a process change on the unit that all other staff has already accepted. What is the term for individuals who respond with this type of behaviour?

A) rejecters
B) laggards
C) early majority
D) late majority

Answer 2

laggards

Question 3

According to Silber (1993), which of the following is a factor that affects an individual's ability to cope with change?

A) group's perception of loss
B) anticipated group consequences
C) evaluation of previous situations
D) flexibility

Answer 3

flexibility

Question 4

Which of these is a characteristic of an effective change agent?

A) restrained
B) manages change
C) objective
D) trustworthy

Question 5

Which behavioural response is illustrated by the following statement? "If I don't do it, I will be left behind and I think this may be beneficial. I want to be known as someone who works with others."

A) early majority
B) innovator
C) Early majority
D) rejecter

Question 6

Which of the following is a change strategy that focuses on teaching workers about a new technology?

A) provide information
B) training
C) power coercive
D) normative-re-educative

Question 7

What is the formal name for Lewin's change theory?

A) Phases of Change
B) Six-Step Change Model
C) Diffusion of Innovations Theory
D) Force-Field Model

Question 8

Which of the following series of changes are included in Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations Theory?

A) diagnose, assess, select progressive change objective, choose role of change agent, maintain change, and terminate helping relationship
B) unfreeze, move, refreeze
C) create awareness, encourage interest, evaluate, trial, adopt
D) build relationship, diagnose problem, acquire resources, choose, gain acceptance

Question 9

Which type of organizational change alters authority relations or job redesign?

A) structural change
B) cultural change
C) human resources change
D) physical setting changes

Question 10

Which conflict resolution technique has the advantage of being the best solution for the conflict and encompasses all important goals to all sides?

A) competing
B) confrontation
C) collaboration
D) negotiating

Question 11

Change agents are important people in organizations and life. Which characteristic is a valuable and important aspect of being a change agent?

A) to have a clear vision and promote self-awareness.
B) to include others, provide updates, and organize meetings.
C) to avoid conflict.
D) to back down in the face of adversity.

Question 12

What is the term that correctly describes a source of disagreement between two people or groups?

A) intrapersonal conflict
B) interpersonal conflict
C) organizational conflict
D) conflict

Question 13

One change theorist describes three simple steps that are needed for change to occur: unfreezing, movement, and refreezing. Who is this theorist?

A) Rogers
B) Havelock
C) Lippitt
D) Lewin

Question 14

One change theorist describes a five-step innovation and decision-making process theory. This theorist believed that change is always rejected initially and then adopted at a later time. He believes that change is reversible and rejection does not mean that it will always stay that way. He argues it can also work in reverse: change may be initially accepted and then rejected. Who is this theorist?

A) Rogers
B) Havelock
C) Lippitt
D) Lewin

Question 15

Which of the following is used as a source of power in the rational-empirical strategy for change?

A) social orientation
B) authority and threat
C) knowledge
D) teaching

Question 16

Which one of these models emphasizes the participation of key personnel and the change agent in designing and planning the intended change project?

A) Force-Field Model
B) Phases of Change Model
C) Six-Step Change Model
D) Diffusion of Innovations Theory of change model

Question 17

Organizational change is defined as a change that often causes the most stress or concern and is seen as an alteration of an organization's environment. Which of the following factors may be affected when an organizational change occurs?

A) culture
B) telecommunications
C) environmental setting
D) morale

Question 18

Professional change is defined as a change that can

A) affect one's professional and personal life.
B) occurs when one changes a career.
C) create stress.
D) be exciting and worthwhile professionally.

Question 19

What is the term for individuals whose behavioural response includes openness and receptivity to planned change?

A) innovators
B) early adopters
C) early majority
D) late majority

Question 20

Which of these factors is an indicator of the successful implementation of a project?

A) People feel a sense of ownership of the change.
B) Change is perceived as neutral.
C) Time limits are met.
D) Staff achieve learning curve status.

Question 21

Which type of behavioural response is illustrated with the following statement? "Okay, okay, okay. I will do it; however, I want you to know that I am not happy. I have held out for as long as I can. I honestly do not think this is going to work."

A) late majority
B) innovator
C) laggard
D) rejecter

Question 22

Which step in the change process determines who will be affected and when the change will occur?

A) assessment
B) planning
C) implementation
D) evaluation

Question 23

Which of the following is one of the three main reasons to introduce a change?

A) to solve a problem
B) to maintain efficiency
C) to maintain workload
D) to acknowledge that change is inevitable

Question 24

Personal change is defined as a change that

A) is voluntary for self-improvement.
B) occurs with growth.
C) is life altering and beneficial.
D) is life altering and stressful.

Question 25

One change theorist describes a six- (6-)step change process model that emphasizes the planning stage and the need to plan carefully to prevent resistance to change of affected staff. This theorist believed participation of those team members or people who would be affected by change was necessary for change. Who is this theorist?

A) Rogers
B) Havelock
C) Lippitt
D) Lewin

Question 26

Sullivan & Decker (2009) define change as

A) a simple process.
B) an inevitable process.
C) making something different from what it was.
D) making something out of nothing.

Question 27

Once change has been implemented and stabilized, when should re-evaluation of that stabilization occur to make sure the project has been accepted?

A) between 3 months and 1 year after the change
B) between 4 months and 1 year after the change
C) at 5 months or 1 year after the change
D) at 6 months or 1 year after the change

Question 28

Which type of change often causes the most stress or concern?

A) personal change
B) professional
C) unplanned change
D) organizational change

Question 29

Which of these general statements best describes the concept of change?

A) Most people enjoy change.
B) Changes happen infrequently.
C) Change is inevitable and frequent.
D) One can resist change indefinitely.

Question 30

Which characteristic of Lewin's change theory causes it to have limited application in health care organizations?

A) narrow in scope
B) too complex
C) difficult to apply
D) linear and simplistic

Question 31

Bennis, Benne, & Chin (1969) defined three strategies that change agents may use to promote change in groups or organizations. Which strategy is being used in the following statement? "As the manager on this unit, I am aware that changes have to occur. I am also aware that our unit works well together and we will work on this together as a team. Many of my employees do not want to leave this unit, as they have developed relationships with their peers. We will work with that to get the work done."

A) normative-re-educative strategy
B) power-coercive strategy
C) rational-empirical strategy
D) "do it or get out" strategy

Question 32

According to the text, people often respond to change by exhibiting ___________.

A) shock
B) anger
C) resistance
D) flexibility

Question 33

One change theorist describes a change process that involves a change agent and key personnel to get the work done. This theorist emphasizes the importance of communication throughout the change process and defined seven (7) stages in the process that were needed. Who is this theorist?

A) Rogers
B) Havelock
C) Lippitt
D) Lewin

Question 34

The steps in the change process can be related to the nursing process. Using the nursing process as a model, which of the following correctly depicts the steps in the change process?

A) assessment, implementation, planning, and evaluation
B) assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation
C) planning, assessment, implementation, and evaluation
D) planning, implementation, assessment, and evaluation

Question 35

Which of the following is one "discipline" that Senge identified as necessary for an organization to achieve learning organization status?

A) systems thinking
B) group mastery
C) self-learning
D) physical models

Question 36

According to the text, what is the most frequent response to change?

A) trust
B) coping
C) status quo
D) resistance

Question 37

What is the conflict resolution technique in which each side gives up something and gains something?

A) avoiding
B) accommodating
C) competing
D) compromising

Question 38

Bennis, Benne, & Chin (1969) defined three strategies that change agents may use to promote change in groups or organizations. Which strategy is being used in the following statement? "I know our unit will get through this change. Everyone is rational and knows that change has to occur if we are to protect client safety because we are not doing that right now. We can start training on the new transfer equipment immediately by holding in-services on all three shifts."

A) normative-re-educative strategy
B) power-coercive strategy
C) rational-empirical strategy
D) "do it or get out" strategy

Question 39

Which of these is theories is based on responsiveness and flexibility?

A) Chaos Theory
B) Learning Organization Theory
C) Diffusion of Innovations Theory
D) Change Theory

Question 40

Bennis, Benne, & Chin (1969) defined three strategies that change agents may use to promote change in groups or organizations. Which strategy is being used in the following statement? "I am the manager on this unit and what I say will be final. If you do not like it, you are more than welcome to give me your opinion; however, I have made up my mind."

A) normative-re-educative strategy
B) power-coercive strategy
C) rational-empirical strategy
D) "use it or lose it" strategy

Question 41

What are the three broad types of conflict?

Question 42

It is important to know common behavioural responses that individuals and organizations may have to change. Bushy and Kamphuis (1998) identified six of these behavioural responses to planned change that are usually apparent in health care facilities and on nursing units.
Describe these six behavioural responses that you should be aware of to empower yourself with the knowledge that these responses may and will be present.

Question 43

According to Silber (1993), there are four factors that affect an individual's ability to cope with change. Summarize these four factors and explain how they affect an individual's ability to cope with change.

Question 44

Another nurse who is in the nurses' lounge states, "I don't like this idea, either. I have a bad feeling about this. Things have worked fine up until now. Why should we try to fix something that is working?" Which behavioural response cited by Bushy (1993) is demonstrated here?

A) early majority
B) innovator
C) laggard
D) rejecter

Question 45

Think of a situation that you would like to change in the workplace or team environment. Trace or map out the 12 change agent strategies, and plan how you will use them to be a change agent and create change.

Question 46

Another nurse in the staff lounge states, "I am not happy about this change. I will not do it. I would rather quit first. That is it!" Which behavioural response cited by Bushy (1993) is demonstrated here?

A) early majority
B) innovator
C) laggard
D) rejecter

Question 47

How do Sullivan & Decker (2009) define change?

A) an organizational decision to modify policies or procedures
B) a voluntary act to alter or modify
C) the act, process, or result of altering or modifying
D) making something different from what it was
Indicate one or more answer choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

Question 48

Which of the following is one way a change agent can manage the process of change?

A) by ignoring rumours
B) by ignoring political forces
C) by maintaining consistent meetings
D) by accepting the appointed change project team

Question 49

The Critical Care unit in a busy area hospital is experiencing change because a new unit manager has been hired. The new unit manager who is replacing the old one comes to the unit with many new ideas about expanding the role of nurses on the unit. Many opinions are heard from staff members daily on the floor. Examine the following statement, made by one of the senior nurses who was overheard in the staff lounge today: "I am so happy about this change. I cannot wait to assist in its implementation." Which behavioural response cited by Bushy (1993) is demonstrated by this statement?

A) early majority
B) innovator
C) laggard
D) rejecter

Question 50

According to Charles Darwin, "It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but rather the one most responsive to change."

Question 51

As a nursing leader, you will facilitate change as you work in teams in the various workplace settings. Identify four skills and/or abilities that will assist you to facilitate change and problem-solving as a team member.