Deck 1: Principles of Cell Function

Question 1

Osmosis is:

A)The active transport of water
B)The number of solute particles in 1 kg of water
C)The diffusion of water across cell membranes
D)The defined as the weight of a volume of a solution divided by the weight of an equivalent volume of distilled water
E)The amount of a substance relative to its molecular weight

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The subcellular structure that degrades proteins is called the:

A)Tight junction
B)Mitochondria
C)Lysosome
D)Plasma membrane
E)Ribosome

Answer 2

C

Question 3

An experiment is done to measure the uptake of an amino acid into a cell.The following data are obtained: If Na⁺ is removed from the extracellular bathing solution,or if a drug is added that prevents the cell from making adenosine triphosphate (ATP),the uptake of amino acid into the cell is markedly reduced.According to this information,which of the following mechanisms is probably responsible for the transport of the amino acid into the cell?

A)Passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer
B)Uniporter
C)Transport ATPase
D)Na⁺ symporter
E)Na⁺ antiporter

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A solution that causes a cell to shrink is:

A)Isotonic
B)Hypotonic
C)Hypertonic

Question 5

The resting membrane potential of a cell is -85 mV.The intracellular and extracellular concentrations of several ions are indicated in the following table,as is the calculated Nernst equilibrium potential (E_i)for each of these ions: The membrane has channels for Na⁺,K⁺,Cl^-,and Ca⁺⁺.The conductance of the membrane is the greatest for which ion?

A)Na⁺
B)K⁺
C)Cl^-
D)Ca⁺⁺

Question 6

A cell has channels for Na⁺,K⁺,and Cl^- in its plasma membrane.The resting membrane potential is -60 mV (cell interior negative).The intracellular and extracellular concentrations for these ions,as well as the calculated Nernst potentials,are listed as follows: A drug is applied to the cell that increases the permeability of the cell by Cl^- (i.e.,it opens Cl^- channels).What effect will this drug have on the net movement of Cl^- across the plasma membrane?

A)Net Cl^- movement out of the cell will be increased.
B)Net Cl^- movement into the cell will be increased.
C)There will be no change in the net movement of Cl^-.

Question 7

Which of the labeled proteins (shaded)is attached to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)anchor?

Question 8

A cell is bathed in an isotonic NaCl solution that contains 5 mmol/L of glucose.The intracellular concentration of glucose is 10 mmol/L.What is the most likely mechanism for the transport of glucose across the plasma membrane into this cell?

A)Glucose uniporter
B)Na⁺-glucose symporter
C)Na⁺-glucose antiporter
D)Diffusion of glucose through the lipid bilayer of the membrane

Question 9

A blood sample is taken from an individual whose blood osmolality is 295 mOsm per kilogram of water.Red blood cells from this sample are then placed in the following solutions: The red blood cells in which of these solutions will swell to the greatest degree?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 10

A cell contains the following membrane transporters: Na⁺ channel
K⁺ channel
Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase
The resting membrane voltage of the cell is -80 mV,and the intracellular and extracellular ion concentrations are as follows:
The cell is treated with a drug to inhibit the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase.What would be the effect of this drug on the following parameters?

Question 11

Reducing the extracellular [K⁺] would be expected to have which of the following effects on the resting membrane potential and on the excitability of ventricular myocytes?

Question 12

A membrane permeable by only Na⁺ separates two compartments containing Na₂SO₄,shown as follows: Electrodes are placed in both compartments,and a voltage is applied (that of compartment A is held at 0 mV).What voltage applied to compartment B would result in no net movement of Na⁺ across the membrane separating the compartments?

A)-60 mV
B)-30 mV
C)0 mV
D)+30 mV
E)+60 mV