Question 1

Osmosis is:

Accepted Answer

A) The active transport of water 
B) The number of solute particles in 1 kg of water 
C) The diffusion of water across cell membranes 
D) The defined as the weight of a volume of a solution divided by the weight of an equivalent volume of distilled water 
E) The amount of a substance relative to its molecular weight 
A) The active transport of water 
B) The number of solute particles in 1 kg of water 
C) The diffusion of water across cell membranes 
D) The defined as the weight of a volume of a solution divided by the weight of an equivalent volume of distilled water 
E) The amount of a substance relative to its molecular weight C

Question 2

The resting membrane potential of a cell is -85 mV.The intracellular and extracellular concentrations of several ions are indicated in the following table,as is the calculated Nernst equilibrium potential (Ei)for each of these ions:   The membrane has channels for Na+,K+,Cl-,and Ca++.The conductance of the membrane is the greatest for which ion?

Accepted Answer

A) Na+ 
B) K+ 
C) Cl- 
D) Ca++ 
A) Na+ 
B) K+ 
C) Cl- 
D) Ca++ B

Question 3

A cell has channels for Na+,K+,and Cl- in its plasma membrane.The resting membrane potential is -60 mV (cell interior negative).The intracellular and extracellular concentrations for these ions,as well as the calculated Nernst potentials,are listed as follows:   A drug is applied to the cell that increases the permeability of the cell by Cl- (i.e.,it opens Cl- channels).What effect will this drug have on the net movement of Cl- across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) Net Cl- movement out of the cell will be increased. 
B) Net Cl- movement into the cell will be increased. 
C) There will be no change in the net movement of Cl-. 
A) Net Cl- movement out of the cell will be increased. 
B) Net Cl- movement into the cell will be increased. 
C) There will be no change in the net movement of Cl-. C

Question 4

An experiment is done to measure the uptake of an amino acid into a cell.The following data are obtained:   If Na+ is removed from the extracellular bathing solution,or if a drug is added that prevents the cell from making adenosine triphosphate (ATP),the uptake of amino acid into the cell is markedly reduced.According to this information,which of the following mechanisms is probably responsible for the transport of the amino acid into the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) Passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer 
B) Uniporter 
C) Transport ATPase 
D) Na+ symporter 
E) Na+ antiporter 
A) Passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer 
B) Uniporter 
C) Transport ATPase 
D) Na+ symporter 
E) Na+ antiporter

Question 5

A blood sample is taken from an individual whose blood osmolality is 295 mOsm per kilogram of water.Red blood cells from this sample are then placed in the following solutions:   The red blood cells in which of these solutions will swell to the greatest degree?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 6

Reducing the extracellular [K+] would be expected to have which of the following effects on the resting membrane potential and on the excitability of ventricular myocytes?

Accepted Answer

Question 7

A cell is bathed in an isotonic NaCl solution that contains 5 mmol/L of glucose.The intracellular concentration of glucose is 10 mmol/L.What is the most likely mechanism for the transport of glucose across the plasma membrane into this cell?

Accepted Answer

A) Glucose uniporter 
B) Na+-glucose symporter 
C) Na+-glucose antiporter 
D) Diffusion of glucose through the lipid bilayer of the membrane 
A) Glucose uniporter 
B) Na+-glucose symporter 
C) Na+-glucose antiporter 
D) Diffusion of glucose through the lipid bilayer of the membrane

Question 8

A solution that causes a cell to shrink is:

Accepted Answer

A) Isotonic 
B) Hypotonic 
C) Hypertonic 
A) Isotonic 
B) Hypotonic 
C) Hypertonic

Question 9

A cell contains the following membrane transporters: Na+ channel
K+ channel
Na+,K+-ATPase
The resting membrane voltage of the cell is -80 mV,and the intracellular and extracellular ion concentrations are as follows:
  The cell is treated with a drug to inhibit the Na+,K+-ATPase.What would be the effect of this drug on the following parameters?

Accepted Answer

Question 10

A membrane permeable by only Na+ separates two compartments containing Na2SO4,shown as follows:   Electrodes are placed in both compartments,and a voltage is applied (that of compartment A is held at 0 mV).What voltage applied to compartment B would result in no net movement of Na+ across the membrane separating the compartments?

Accepted Answer

A) -60 mV 
B) -30 mV 
C) 0 mV 
D) +30 mV 
E) +60 mV 
A) -60 mV 
B) -30 mV 
C) 0 mV 
D) +30 mV 
E) +60 mV

Question 11

The subcellular structure that degrades proteins is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) Tight junction 
B) Mitochondria 
C) Lysosome 
D) Plasma membrane 
E) Ribosome 
A) Tight junction 
B) Mitochondria 
C) Lysosome 
D) Plasma membrane 
E) Ribosome

Question 12

Which of the labeled proteins (shaded)is attached to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)anchor?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the labeled proteins (shaded)is attached...

Exam 1: Principles of Cell Function

Osmosis is:

A blood sample is taken from an individual whose blood osmolality is 295 mOsm per kilogram of water.Red blood cells from this sample are then placed in the following solutions: The red blood cells in which of these solutions will swell to the greatest degree?

Reducing the extracellular [K+] would be expected to have which of the following effects on the resting membrane potential and on the excitability of ventricular myocytes?

A cell is bathed in an isotonic NaCl solution that contains 5 mmol/L of glucose.The intracellular concentration of glucose is 10 mmol/L.What is the most likely mechanism for the transport of glucose across the plasma membrane into this cell?

A solution that causes a cell to shrink is:

The subcellular structure that degrades proteins is called the:

Which of the labeled proteins (shaded)is attached to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)anchor?

Homeostasis of Body Fluids

Signal Transduction, membrane Receptors, second Messengers, and Regulation of Gene Expression

The Nervous System: Introduction to Cells and Systems

Generation and Conduction of Action Potentials

Synaptic Transmission

The Somatosensory System

The Special Senses

Organization of Motor Function

Higher Functions of the Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Its Central Control

Skeletal Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Overview of Circulation

Elements of Cardiac Function

Properties of the Vasculature

Regulation of the Heart and Vasculature

Integrated Control of the Cardiovascular System

Structure and Function of the Respiratory System

Static Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics

Dynamic Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics

Ventilation

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Control of Respiration

Non-Physiologic Functions of the Lung: Host Defense and Metabolism

Functional Anatomy and General Principles of Regulation in the Gastrointestinal Tract

The Cephalic, oral, and Esophageal Phases of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Gastric Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Small Intestinal Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Colonic Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

Transport and Metabolic Functions of the Liver

Elements of Renal Function

Solute and Water Transport Along the Nephron: Tubular Function

Control of Body Fluid Osmolality and Volume

Potassium, calcium, and Phosphate Homeostasis

Role of the Kidneys in the Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Hormonal Regulation of Energy Metabolism

Hormonal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism

The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The Adrenal Glands

The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Filters

Reducing the extracellular [K⁺] would be expected to have which of the following effects on the resting membrane potential and on the excitability of ventricular myocytes?