Question 1

A type of study that does not allow the subjects or the experimenters to know who is in the control group is:

Accepted Answer

A)  quasi-experimental. 
B)  cross-sectional. 
C)  double blind 
D)  single blind. 
A)  quasi-experimental. 
B)  cross-sectional. 
C)  double blind 
D)  single blind. C

Question 2

Telling participants the inclusion and exclusion criteria for enrolling patients in the study, the effect of the study on patient care in general, and the risks and potential benefits to patients in the study helps to:

Accepted Answer

A)  gain informed consent. 
B)  get EMS concessions. 
C)  identify the PI. 
D)  determine how to publish. 
A)  gain informed consent. 
B)  get EMS concessions. 
C)  identify the PI. 
D)  determine how to publish. A

Question 3

Which of the following is a common measure of dispersion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Standard deviation 
B)  Confidence interval 
C)  Inferential statistics 
D)  Ordinal data 
A)  Standard deviation 
B)  Confidence interval 
C)  Inferential statistics 
D)  Ordinal data A

Question 4

Where are the results of a scientific study published, regardless of the outcome of the study?

Accepted Answer

A)  In a medical director paper 
B)  In an EMS trade magazine 
C)  In a university-based magazine 
D)  In a peer-reviewed journal 
A)  In a medical director paper 
B)  In an EMS trade magazine 
C)  In a university-based magazine 
D)  In a peer-reviewed journal

Question 5

In many situations it is unethical to withhold treatment from a group simply for the purposes of experimentation. As a result, a(n) ________ study must be done.

Accepted Answer

A)  observational 
B)  quasi-experimental 
C)  retrospective 
D)  prospective 
A)  observational 
B)  quasi-experimental 
C)  retrospective 
D)  prospective

Question 6

What type of confidence interval would be appropriate for a research study that is potentially going to change EMS practice?

Accepted Answer

A)  80 percent 
B)  85 percent 
C)  90 percent 
D)  95 percent 
A)  80 percent 
B)  85 percent 
C)  90 percent 
D)  95 percent

Question 7

Which of these is an EMS technique that has been proven through research to be less effective than once thought?

Accepted Answer

A)  tiered response 
B)  modified Valsalva maneuver 
C)  endotracheal intubation 
D)  evidence-based practice 
A)  tiered response 
B)  modified Valsalva maneuver 
C)  endotracheal intubation 
D)  evidence-based practice

Question 8

A specific question that a research study sets out to answer is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothesis. 
B)  experiment. 
C)  meta-analysis. 
D)  odds ratio. 
A)  hypothesis. 
B)  experiment. 
C)  meta-analysis. 
D)  odds ratio.

Question 9

All of the following are questions to ask when reviewing a study, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Was the study type appropriate? 
B)  Was the research peer reviewed? 
C)  Were the results reported properly? 
D)  What control group were the researchers studying? 
A)  Was the study type appropriate? 
B)  Was the research peer reviewed? 
C)  Were the results reported properly? 
D)  What control group were the researchers studying?

Question 10

The ________ section of a research paper is where the authors interpret their findings and describe their significance.

Accepted Answer

A)  summary 
B)  results 
C)  methods 
D)  discussion 
A)  summary 
B)  results 
C)  methods 
D)  discussion

Question 11

What is the first step of the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A)  Observe and ask questions. 
B)  Construct a hypothesis. 
C)  Conduct research and collect data. 
D)  Test the hypothesis. 
A)  Observe and ask questions. 
B)  Construct a hypothesis. 
C)  Conduct research and collect data. 
D)  Test the hypothesis.

Question 12

The acronym ANOVA stands for:

Accepted Answer

A)  an over-variable analog. 
B)  a novel analysis. 
C)  analysis of variance. 
D)  abstract null overaction. 
A)  an over-variable analog. 
B)  a novel analysis. 
C)  analysis of variance. 
D)  abstract null overaction.

Question 13

When comparing and contrasting between a retrospective and prospective study, which of the following is a TRUE statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prospective studies are generally less expensive than retrospective methodologies. 
B)  There is more chance for the introduction of bias in the data gathering for prospective studies. 
C)  Prospective studies have greater validity than retrospective studies. 
D)  Retrospective studies use a research form or instrument specifically designed for the study. 
A)  Prospective studies are generally less expensive than retrospective methodologies. 
B)  There is more chance for the introduction of bias in the data gathering for prospective studies. 
C)  Prospective studies have greater validity than retrospective studies. 
D)  Retrospective studies use a research form or instrument specifically designed for the study.

Question 14

A group of subjects who do not have manipulation of the independent variable is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  subject group. 
B)  experimental group. 
C)  treatment group. 
D)  control group. 
A)  subject group. 
B)  experimental group. 
C)  treatment group. 
D)  control group.

Question 15

This type of study has less validity than an RCT, but it has utility in some circumstances. The problem in this study design is that there is an increased chance that the study groups will be different.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cohort study 
B)  Nonrandomized controlled trial 
C)  Cross-sectional study 
D)  Case series 
A)  Cohort study 
B)  Nonrandomized controlled trial 
C)  Cross-sectional study 
D)  Case series

Question 16

In a(n) ________ study, subjects are randomized into either the treatment group or the control group; this type is considered among the most valid of studies.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental 
B)  quasi-experimental 
C)  observational 
D)  retrospective 
A)  experimental 
B)  quasi-experimental 
C)  observational 
D)  retrospective

Question 17

Which of these is not necessarily a step EMS providers should take when conducting a research study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Implement a cohort study model. 
B)  Determine how to obtain informed consent from study subjects. 
C)  Prepare a null hypothesis and research hypothesis. 
D)  Define the population to be studied. 
A)  Implement a cohort study model. 
B)  Determine how to obtain informed consent from study subjects. 
C)  Prepare a null hypothesis and research hypothesis. 
D)  Define the population to be studied.

Question 18

The statistic that reflects only the odds of seeing the results of a particular piece of research if the study hypothesis is TRUE is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  nominal data. 
B)  P value. 
C)  chi square test. 
D)  t test. 
A)  nominal data. 
B)  P value. 
C)  chi square test. 
D)  t test.

Question 19

The mean is especially useful when the data are what statisticians call "normally distributed." This means :

Accepted Answer

A)  if you graphed the data, it would form a shape similar to a bell curve. 
B)  values are placed into numerical order, and the middle value is determined. 
C)  the data falls within the "fiftieth percentile." 
D)  the distribution of a group is how spread out it is, or how dispersed the data are. 
A)  if you graphed the data, it would form a shape similar to a bell curve. 
B)  values are placed into numerical order, and the middle value is determined. 
C)  the data falls within the "fiftieth percentile." 
D)  the distribution of a group is how spread out it is, or how dispersed the data are.

Question 20

Which section of a research paper describes exactly how the authors conducted the study, including what population they wished to study, how subjects were selected (and excluded), and what intervention was performed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Introduction 
B)  Discussion 
C)  Methods 
D)  Results 
A)  Introduction 
B)  Discussion 
C)  Methods 
D)  Results

A type of study that does not allow the subjects or the experimenters to know who is in the control group is:

Telling participants the inclusion and exclusion criteria for enrolling patients in the study, the effect of the study on patient care in general, and the risks and potential benefits to patients in the study helps to:

Which of the following is a common measure of dispersion?

Where are the results of a scientific study published, regardless of the outcome of the study?

In many situations it is unethical to withhold treatment from a group simply for the purposes of experimentation. As a result, a(n) ________ study must be done.

What type of confidence interval would be appropriate for a research study that is potentially going to change EMS practice?

Which of these is an EMS technique that has been proven through research to be less effective than once thought?

A specific question that a research study sets out to answer is called the:

All of the following are questions to ask when reviewing a study, EXCEPT:

The ________ section of a research paper is where the authors interpret their findings and describe their significance.

What is the first step of the scientific method?

The acronym ANOVA stands for:

When comparing and contrasting between a retrospective and prospective study, which of the following is a TRUE statement?

A group of subjects who do not have manipulation of the independent variable is called the:

This type of study has less validity than an RCT, but it has utility in some circumstances. The problem in this study design is that there is an increased chance that the study groups will be different.

In a(n) ________ study, subjects are randomized into either the treatment group or the control group; this type is considered among the most valid of studies.

Which of these is not necessarily a step EMS providers should take when conducting a research study?

The statistic that reflects only the odds of seeing the results of a particular piece of research if the study hypothesis is TRUE is the:

The mean is especially useful when the data are what statisticians call "normally distributed." This means :

Which section of a research paper describes exactly how the authors conducted the study, including what population they wished to study, how subjects were selected (and excluded), and what intervention was performed?

Introduction to Paramedicine

Ems Systems

Roles and Responsibilities of the Paramedic

Workforce Safety and Wellness

Public Health

Medicallegal Aspects of Out-Of-Hospital Care

Ethics in Paramedicine

Ems System Communications

Documentation

Human Life Span Development

Pathophysiology

Emergency Pharmacology

Intravenous Access and Medication Administration

Airway Management and Ventilation

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Exam 5: Ems Research

A type of study that does not allow the subjects or the experimenters to know who is in the control group is:

Telling participants the inclusion and exclusion criteria for enrolling patients in the study, the effect of the study on patient care in general, and the risks and potential benefits to patients in the study helps to:

Which of the following is a common measure of dispersion?

Where are the results of a scientific study published, regardless of the outcome of the study?

In many situations it is unethical to withhold treatment from a group simply for the purposes of experimentation. As a result, a(n) ________ study must be done.

What type of confidence interval would be appropriate for a research study that is potentially going to change EMS practice?

Which of these is an EMS technique that has been proven through research to be less effective than once thought?

A specific question that a research study sets out to answer is called the:

All of the following are questions to ask when reviewing a study, EXCEPT:

The ________ section of a research paper is where the authors interpret their findings and describe their significance.

What is the first step of the scientific method?

The acronym ANOVA stands for:

When comparing and contrasting between a retrospective and prospective study, which of the following is a TRUE statement?

A group of subjects who do not have manipulation of the independent variable is called the:

This type of study has less validity than an RCT, but it has utility in some circumstances. The problem in this study design is that there is an increased chance that the study groups will be different.

In a(n) ________ study, subjects are randomized into either the treatment group or the control group; this type is considered among the most valid of studies.

Which of these is not necessarily a step EMS providers should take when conducting a research study?

The statistic that reflects only the odds of seeing the results of a particular piece of research if the study hypothesis is TRUE is the:

The mean is especially useful when the data are what statisticians call "normally distributed." This means :

Which section of a research paper describes exactly how the authors conducted the study, including what population they wished to study, how subjects were selected (and excluded), and what intervention was performed?

Introduction to Paramedicine

Ems Systems

Roles and Responsibilities of the Paramedic

Workforce Safety and Wellness

Public Health

Medicallegal Aspects of Out-Of-Hospital Care

Ethics in Paramedicine

Ems System Communications

Documentation

Human Life Span Development

Pathophysiology

Emergency Pharmacology

Intravenous Access and Medication Administration

Airway Management and Ventilation

Filters