Exam 7: Urology and Nephrology

All of the following symptoms are consistent with urinary tract infection EXCEPT:

What structures may be affected in a urinary tract infection in a female patient?

Your patient is a 35-year-old male whom you suspect of having a kidney stone. All of the following would be consistent with this impression EXCEPT:

On-scene you are presented with a confused patient suffering from altered mental status. Additionally, in front of the family, the patient is very irritable and verbally abusive toward all present, including EMS. His wife states that his "kidneys are no good" and he also has "sugar" problems. Your assessment indicates that he is dyspneic with pale skin that is covered with a fine white sediment. His radial pulse is weak, rapid, and irregular. Additionally, you note edema to his hands, feet, and face. Crackles are noted to the lungs bilaterally and he has a dialysis graft on his right forearm. Your partner reports that his heart rate is 164, respirations 26, blood pressure 176/90, and SpO₂ 89%. After applying high-concentration oxygen, which of the following would you perform next?

A patient undergoes neurological changes during hemodialysis. Of the following, which is the most likely cause of these neurologic abnormalities?

Which of the following statements regarding a dialysis fistula is TRUE?

Which of the following findings is most suggestive of cystitis?

Glucose is excreted through the urea above which level?

All of the following are common complications of renal dialysis EXCEPT:

You respond to a call of an ill male patient. Upon arrival, you see a patient in a chair, hooked into two large bags-one on an IV stand, one below his waist. The tubes are going into the patient's abdomen. You should suspect that this patient is undergoing:

Which of the following statements about hemodialysis is TRUE?

Oxygen can benefit patients with chronic renal failure because it is common for patients with chronic renal failure to be:

Fifty percent dextrose solution is placed on side A of a membrane, and 25 percent dextrose is placed on side B of a membrane. Assuming the membrane is permeable to water, but not solutes, what will happen?

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?

Your patient is an 83-year-old male with a fever of 103°F. In addition, the patient is confused and combative. Heart rate = 132, respirations = 20, blood pressure = 100/70, SpO₂ 95% on room air, and blood glucose level = 90 mg/dL. During your examination you note that the patient has a Foley catheter and that the collection bag appears not to have been emptied for quite some time. The bag is full of dark, cloudy urine with sediment at the bottom of the bag. Which of the following is most appropriate?

In order for hemodialysis to be effective in ridding the body of excess electrolytes, which of the following statements must be TRUE?

Which of the following would interfere with urine production?

Ammonia is converted into urea, to be excreted as urine, in which organ?

The two main functions of the renal system are:

When dealing with a possible renal emergency, it is imperative to ask: