Question 1

The chemical composition of seawater

Accepted Answer

A) contains 18 elements which account for 75% of the dissolved solids in seawater. 
B) contains dissolved gases,suspended and dissolved organic matter,and many trace elements. 
C) is exceptionally heterogeneous,varying across the vast oceans of the world. 
D) has varied greatly over the Earth's history. 
E) is highest in salinity near large landmasses and at higher latitudes. 
A) contains 18 elements which account for 75% of the dissolved solids in seawater. 
B) contains dissolved gases,suspended and dissolved organic matter,and many trace elements. 
C) is exceptionally heterogeneous,varying across the vast oceans of the world. 
D) has varied greatly over the Earth's history. 
E) is highest in salinity near large landmasses and at higher latitudes.

Question 2

The ocean's physical structure.Schematic of the average vertical zonation as sampled along a line from Greenland to the South Atlantic.

Within the deep cold zone,average temperature and salinity

Accepted Answer

A) decrease with depth. 
B) increase with depth. 
C) remain fairly constant with depth. 
D) decrease and then increase just above the seafloor. 
E) increase and decrease,respectively. 
A) decrease with depth. 
B) increase with depth. 
C) remain fairly constant with depth. 
D) decrease and then increase just above the seafloor. 
E) increase and decrease,respectively.

Question 3

Which of the following is true of the Earth's coastlines?

Accepted Answer

A) Most of the Earth's coastlines are relatively young and undergoing continuous change. 
B) The Earth's coastlines are among the oldest landforms on the planet. 
C) There are few inputs that directly affect the Earth's coastlines beyond tidal action. 
D) The Earth's coastlines show a remarkable degree of similarity across the planet. 
E) The erosion and deposition that shape coastlines are caused by marine forces,alone. 
A) Most of the Earth's coastlines are relatively young and undergoing continuous change. 
B) The Earth's coastlines are among the oldest landforms on the planet. 
C) There are few inputs that directly affect the Earth's coastlines beyond tidal action. 
D) The Earth's coastlines show a remarkable degree of similarity across the planet. 
E) The erosion and deposition that shape coastlines are caused by marine forces,alone.

Question 4

The ocean's physical structure.Schematic of the average vertical zonation as sampled along a line from Greenland to the South Atlantic.

Within the mixing zone and thermocline,average temperature and salinity

Accepted Answer

A) decrease with depth. 
B) increase with depth. 
C) remain fairly constant with depth. 
D) decrease within the mixing zone,but increases within the thermocline. 
E) remain constant within the mixing zone,but increase within the thermocline. 
A) decrease with depth. 
B) increase with depth. 
C) remain fairly constant with depth. 
D) decrease within the mixing zone,but increases within the thermocline. 
E) remain constant within the mixing zone,but increase within the thermocline.

Question 5

The artificial replacement of sand along a beach is called

Accepted Answer

A) groins. 
B) beach nourishment. 
C) jetties. 
D) breakwater. 
E) beach drift. 
A) groins. 
B) beach nourishment. 
C) jetties. 
D) breakwater. 
E) beach drift.

Question 6

A stony coral is a type of ___that secretes ____to form an organic rock home.

Accepted Answer

A) polyp;calcium carbonate 
B) polyp;silica 
C) algae;calcium carbonate 
D) algae;silica 
E) zooxanthellae;bicarbonate 
A) polyp;calcium carbonate 
B) polyp;silica 
C) algae;calcium carbonate 
D) algae;silica 
E) zooxanthellae;bicarbonate

Question 7

Globally,over _____million people live in low-elevation coastal areas that are less than 30 m (98 ft. )above sea level.

Accepted Answer

A) 12 
B) 36 
C) 125 
D) 333 
E) 630 
A) 12 
B) 36 
C) 125 
D) 333 
E) 630

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding wave movement in open water?

Accepted Answer

A) Water particles are vertically compressed,causing friction with the ocean floor. 
B) Waves are more closer spaced and typically higher than those near shore. 
C) Water doesn't advance;rather,wave energy moves through the fluid medium of water. 
D) The greatest motion of individual water particles occurs at depths greater than one-half the wave length. 
E) The crest of the wave rises to a height that exceeds its vertical stability,leading to breakers. 
A) Water particles are vertically compressed,causing friction with the ocean floor. 
B) Waves are more closer spaced and typically higher than those near shore. 
C) Water doesn't advance;rather,wave energy moves through the fluid medium of water. 
D) The greatest motion of individual water particles occurs at depths greater than one-half the wave length. 
E) The crest of the wave rises to a height that exceeds its vertical stability,leading to breakers.

Question 9

The worldwide average salinity of seawater is

Accepted Answer

A) 5%. 
B) 35%. 
C) 45%. 
D) 55%. 
E) 75%. 
A) 5%. 
B) 35%. 
C) 45%. 
D) 55%. 
E) 75%.

Question 10

A wave-cut platform is the erosional remnant of a

Accepted Answer

A) barrier island. 
B) spit. 
C) tombolo. 
D) cliff. 
E) sea stack. 
A) barrier island. 
B) spit. 
C) tombolo. 
D) cliff. 
E) sea stack.

Question 11

Undercutting action of the sea results in

Accepted Answer

A) barrier splits. 
B) sea cliffs. 
C) lagoons. 
D) tombolos. 
E) sea terrace. 
A) barrier splits. 
B) sea cliffs. 
C) lagoons. 
D) tombolos. 
E) sea terrace.

Question 12

As a wave approaches the shoreline and enters shallower water,energy and water move forward causing the water to rise and cascade down from the wave crest as a breaker.These waves are called

Accepted Answer

A) waves of translation. 
B) swells. 
C) waves of transition. 
D) tidal waves. 
E) a wave train. 
A) waves of translation. 
B) swells. 
C) waves of transition. 
D) tidal waves. 
E) a wave train.

Question 13

Approximately what percentage of the world's population lives near the ocean?

Accepted Answer

A) 33% 
B) 25% 
C) 40% 
D) 70% 
E) 95% 
A) 33% 
B) 25% 
C) 40% 
D) 70% 
E) 95%

Question 14

On average,ocean water is

Accepted Answer

A) very acidic (low pH). 
B) very basic (high pH). 
C) slightly basic (pH around 8). 
D) mildly acid (a pH slightly less than 7). 
E) somewhat basic (a pH around 10). 
A) very acidic (low pH). 
B) very basic (high pH). 
C) slightly basic (pH around 8). 
D) mildly acid (a pH slightly less than 7). 
E) somewhat basic (a pH around 10).

Question 15

In deep water,a wave is not really migrating but is transferring energy through the water in simple cyclic undulations.These are called

Accepted Answer

A) waves of translation. 
B) swells. 
C) waves of transition. 
D) tidal waves. 
E) wave trains. 
A) waves of translation. 
B) swells. 
C) waves of transition. 
D) tidal waves. 
E) wave trains.

Question 16

High tides are known as___ whereas low tides are known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) flood tides;ebb tides 
B) ebb tides;flood tides 
C) spring tides;neap tides 
D) neap tides;spring tides 
E) ebb tides;spring tides 
A) flood tides;ebb tides 
B) ebb tides;flood tides 
C) spring tides;neap tides 
D) neap tides;spring tides 
E) ebb tides;spring tides

Question 17

Threats to mangrove swamps include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) overharvesting. 
B) pollution from agricultural runoff. 
C) storm surges. 
D) climate change. 
E) mangrove planting. 
A) overharvesting. 
B) pollution from agricultural runoff. 
C) storm surges. 
D) climate change. 
E) mangrove planting.

Question 18

Which of the following is not responsible for changes in sea level?

Accepted Answer

A) glaciation 
B) thermal expansion 
C) melting sea ice 
D) land surface uplift 
E) extraction of groundwater 
A) glaciation 
B) thermal expansion 
C) melting sea ice 
D) land surface uplift 
E) extraction of groundwater

Question 19

Coral and zooxanthellae have a reciprocal relationship in which the zooxanthellae perform photosynthesis,providing the coral with nutrition and helping with the calcification process.In return,the coral provide the algae with nutrients.This is an example of a(n)_____relationship.

Accepted Answer

A) parasitic 
B) opportunistic 
C) symbiotic 
D) predator/prey 
E) allelopathic 
A) parasitic 
B) opportunistic 
C) symbiotic 
D) predator/prey 
E) allelopathic

Question 20

Worldwide salinity varies between ___and_____ .

Accepted Answer

A) 3%;10% 
B) 30%;40% 
C) 47%;51% 
D) 65%;67% 
E) 67%;74% 
A) 3%;10% 
B) 30%;40% 
C) 47%;51% 
D) 65%;67% 
E) 67%;74%

The chemical composition of seawater

The ocean's physical structure.Schematic of the average vertical zonation as sampled along a line from Greenland to the South Atlantic. Within the deep cold zone,average temperature and salinity

Which of the following is true of the Earth's coastlines?

The ocean's physical structure.Schematic of the average vertical zonation as sampled along a line from Greenland to the South Atlantic. Within the mixing zone and thermocline,average temperature and salinity

The artificial replacement of sand along a beach is called

A stony coral is a type of _that secretes __to form an organic rock home.

Globally,over _____million people live in low-elevation coastal areas that are less than 30 m (98 ft. )above sea level.

Which of the following is true regarding wave movement in open water?

The worldwide average salinity of seawater is

A wave-cut platform is the erosional remnant of a

Undercutting action of the sea results in

As a wave approaches the shoreline and enters shallower water,energy and water move forward causing the water to rise and cascade down from the wave crest as a breaker.These waves are called

Approximately what percentage of the world's population lives near the ocean?

On average,ocean water is

In deep water,a wave is not really migrating but is transferring energy through the water in simple cyclic undulations.These are called

High tides are known as_ whereas low tides are known as __.

Threats to mangrove swamps include all of the following except

Which of the following is not responsible for changes in sea level?

Coral and zooxanthellae have a reciprocal relationship in which the zooxanthellae perform photosynthesis,providing the coral with nutrition and helping with the calcification process.In return,the coral provide the algae with nutrients.This is an example of a(n)_____relationship.

Worldwide salinity varies between _and___ .

Essentials of Geography

Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons

Earth’s Atmosphere

Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Weather

Water Resources

Earth’s Climatic Regions

Climate Change

The Dynamic Planet

Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

River Systems

Aeolian Processes and Arid Landscapes

Glacial Landscapes and the Cryosphere

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystem Essentials

Terrestrial Biomes

Filters

Exam 16: Oceans and Coastal Systems

The chemical composition of seawater

The ocean's physical structure.Schematic of the average vertical zonation as sampled along a line from Greenland to the South Atlantic. Within the deep cold zone,average temperature and salinity

Which of the following is true of the Earth's coastlines?

The ocean's physical structure.Schematic of the average vertical zonation as sampled along a line from Greenland to the South Atlantic. Within the mixing zone and thermocline,average temperature and salinity

The artificial replacement of sand along a beach is called

A stony coral is a type of ___that secretes ____to form an organic rock home.

Globally,over _____million people live in low-elevation coastal areas that are less than 30 m (98 ft. )above sea level.

Which of the following is true regarding wave movement in open water?

The worldwide average salinity of seawater is

A wave-cut platform is the erosional remnant of a

Undercutting action of the sea results in

As a wave approaches the shoreline and enters shallower water,energy and water move forward causing the water to rise and cascade down from the wave crest as a breaker.These waves are called

Approximately what percentage of the world's population lives near the ocean?

On average,ocean water is

In deep water,a wave is not really migrating but is transferring energy through the water in simple cyclic undulations.These are called

High tides are known as___ whereas low tides are known as ____.

Threats to mangrove swamps include all of the following except

Which of the following is not responsible for changes in sea level?

Coral and zooxanthellae have a reciprocal relationship in which the zooxanthellae perform photosynthesis,providing the coral with nutrition and helping with the calcification process.In return,the coral provide the algae with nutrients.This is an example of a(n)_____relationship.

Worldwide salinity varies between ___and_____ .

Essentials of Geography

Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons

Earth’s Atmosphere

Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Weather

Water Resources

Earth’s Climatic Regions

Climate Change

The Dynamic Planet

Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

River Systems

Aeolian Processes and Arid Landscapes

Glacial Landscapes and the Cryosphere

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystem Essentials

Terrestrial Biomes

Filters

A stony coral is a type of _that secretes __to form an organic rock home.

High tides are known as_ whereas low tides are known as __.

Worldwide salinity varies between _and___ .