Question 1

The principle that the same physical processes currently active in the environment were operating throughout Earth's history is known as

Accepted Answer

A) uniformitarianism. 
B) catastrophism. 
C) parallelism. 
D) stasis. 
E) ubiquity. 
A) uniformitarianism. 
B) catastrophism. 
C) parallelism. 
D) stasis. 
E) ubiquity. A

Question 2

Areas of crustal collision and subduction occur along

Accepted Answer

A) divergent boundaries. 
B) areas of seafloor spreading. 
C) transform boundaries. 
D) convergent boundaries. 
E) mid-ocean ridges. 
A) divergent boundaries. 
B) areas of seafloor spreading. 
C) transform boundaries. 
D) convergent boundaries. 
E) mid-ocean ridges. D

Question 3

Which of the following is an endogenic process?

Accepted Answer

A) weathering 
B) stream deposition 
C) volcanism 
D) glacial erosion 
E) wind erosion 
A) weathering 
B) stream deposition 
C) volcanism 
D) glacial erosion 
E) wind erosion C

Question 4

Coarser grained igneous rocks tend to___ be because ____.

Accepted Answer

A) intrusive;the faster cooling of magma allows more time for crystals to form 
B) extrusive;the faster cooling of lava allows more time for crystals to form 
C) extrusive;the slower cooling of lava allows more time for crystals to form 
D) either intrusive or extrusive;the slower cooling of magma and lava allows more time for crystals to form 
E) intrusive;slower cooling of magma allows more time for crystals to form 
A) intrusive;the faster cooling of magma allows more time for crystals to form 
B) extrusive;the faster cooling of lava allows more time for crystals to form 
C) extrusive;the slower cooling of lava allows more time for crystals to form 
D) either intrusive or extrusive;the slower cooling of magma and lava allows more time for crystals to form 
E) intrusive;slower cooling of magma allows more time for crystals to form

Question 5

Which part of Earth is primarily responsible for Earth's magnetic field? Why? What are the characteristics of magnetic reversals? How often do they occur? When will the next one occur,and what will happen when it does?

Accepted Answer

The Earth's magnetism is generated in th

Question 6

Geologic time scale showing highlights of Earth's history.(a)Dates appear in m.y.a.(millions of years ago).

The Precambrian Eon encompasses what percentage of Earth's total history?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.04 % 
B) 5% 
C) 54.1% 
D) 72.4% 
E) 88.3% 
A) 0.04 % 
B) 5% 
C) 54.1% 
D) 72.4% 
E) 88.3%

Question 7

Uniformitarianism assumes that

Accepted Answer

A) Earth is quite young and is shaped by dramatic events. 
B) catastrophic episodes have regularly occurred. 
C) the same physical processes we see today are a key to understanding the processes that have been operating throughout geologic time. 
D) mountains,plains,and canyons formed by catastrophic events. 
E) much of Earth history is ultimately unknowable and we must therefore only concentrate on those parts that have been documented by written historical accounts. 
A) Earth is quite young and is shaped by dramatic events. 
B) catastrophic episodes have regularly occurred. 
C) the same physical processes we see today are a key to understanding the processes that have been operating throughout geologic time. 
D) mountains,plains,and canyons formed by catastrophic events. 
E) much of Earth history is ultimately unknowable and we must therefore only concentrate on those parts that have been documented by written historical accounts.

Question 8

Sedimentary rock formed from the combined processes of weathering,erosion,transportation,deposition,lithification,and compaction of rock fragments of other rocks are

Accepted Answer

A) clastic. 
B) biochemical. 
C) organic. 
D) chemical. 
E) basaltic. 
A) clastic. 
B) biochemical. 
C) organic. 
D) chemical. 
E) basaltic.

Question 9

Geologic time scale showing highlights of Earth's history.(a)Dates appear in m.y.a.(millions of years ago).

Which of the following is correct regarding the geologic time scale?

Accepted Answer

A) The Jurassic period occurred during the Paleozoic era. 
B) Over 87 percent of Earth's history has elapsed during the more recent Cenozoic,Mesozoic,and Paleozoic eras. 
C) The bulk of Earth's history has occurred during the Precambrian eon. 
D) Modern humans live in the Tertiary period. 
E) Flowering plants emerged in the Precambrian. 
A) The Jurassic period occurred during the Paleozoic era. 
B) Over 87 percent of Earth's history has elapsed during the more recent Cenozoic,Mesozoic,and Paleozoic eras. 
C) The bulk of Earth's history has occurred during the Precambrian eon. 
D) Modern humans live in the Tertiary period. 
E) Flowering plants emerged in the Precambrian.

Question 10

The most recent epoch in the geologic time scale is the ____,though numerous scientists agree we have entered a new epoch called the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) Pleistocene;Holocene 
B) Pliocene;Pleistocene 
C) Miocene;Pliocene 
D) Oligocene;Miocene 
E) Holocene;Anthropocene 
A) Pleistocene;Holocene 
B) Pliocene;Pleistocene 
C) Miocene;Pliocene 
D) Oligocene;Miocene 
E) Holocene;Anthropocene

Question 11

Transform faults along plate boundaries are typically associated with

Accepted Answer

A) sea-floor spreading centers. 
B) subduction zones. 
C) volcanism. 
D) earthquake activity. 
E) near seafloor creation. 
A) sea-floor spreading centers. 
B) subduction zones. 
C) volcanism. 
D) earthquake activity. 
E) near seafloor creation.

Question 12

The fact that Earth's interior is sorted into layers indicates that

Accepted Answer

A) the process of formation from a nebula (by the slamming together of material and planetesimals that stuck together on impact)produces nice,neat layers. 
B) Earth was once in a molten state,during which materials became sorted based on density. 
C) the rotation of the early Earth acted like a centrifuge which separated materials based on weight. 
D) the planet was formed due to successive bombardments of cosmic debris. 
E) nothing can be inferred about such a perplexing level of organization. 
A) the process of formation from a nebula (by the slamming together of material and planetesimals that stuck together on impact)produces nice,neat layers. 
B) Earth was once in a molten state,during which materials became sorted based on density. 
C) the rotation of the early Earth acted like a centrifuge which separated materials based on weight. 
D) the planet was formed due to successive bombardments of cosmic debris. 
E) nothing can be inferred about such a perplexing level of organization.

Question 13

The ____drives the endogenic processes of the rock cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) atmospheric circulation 
B) rock cycle 
C) hydrologic cycle 
D) tectonic cycle 
E) biogeographical cycle 
A) atmospheric circulation 
B) rock cycle 
C) hydrologic cycle 
D) tectonic cycle 
E) biogeographical cycle

Question 14

The process whereby one portion of the lithosphere beneath another and dives downward into the mantel is called

Accepted Answer

A) rifting. 
B) subduction. 
C) compression. 
D) isostatic uplift. 
E) orogeny. 
A) rifting. 
B) subduction. 
C) compression. 
D) isostatic uplift. 
E) orogeny.

Question 15

The principal cycles composing the geologic cycle include all the following except

Accepted Answer

A) hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles,only. 
B) biogeochemical cycle,only. 
C) tectonic cycle and rock cycle,only. 
D) rock cycle and hydrology cycle,only. 
E) hydrologic cycle,rock cycle,and tectonic cycle 
A) hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles,only. 
B) biogeochemical cycle,only. 
C) tectonic cycle and rock cycle,only. 
D) rock cycle and hydrology cycle,only. 
E) hydrologic cycle,rock cycle,and tectonic cycle

Question 16

Finer grained igneous rocks tend to be ___because ___ .

Accepted Answer

A) intrusive;the faster cooling of magma limits time for crystals to form 
B) extrusive;the faster cooling of lava limits time for crystals to form 
C) extrusive;the slower cooling of lava limits time for crystals to form 
D) either intrusive or extrusive;the faster cooling of magma and lava limits time for crystals to form 
E) intrusive;slower cooling of magma limits time for crystals to form 
A) intrusive;the faster cooling of magma limits time for crystals to form 
B) extrusive;the faster cooling of lava limits time for crystals to form 
C) extrusive;the slower cooling of lava limits time for crystals to form 
D) either intrusive or extrusive;the faster cooling of magma and lava limits time for crystals to form 
E) intrusive;slower cooling of magma limits time for crystals to form

Question 17

In terms of dating of specific rocks,structures,or landscapes,absolute age refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the age of geological features based on radiometric dating techniques. 
B) the approximate age of geological features based on the period or epoch in which they occurred.For instance,noting a feature is from the Cretaceous. 
C) a range of numeric values in which features were likely formed and based on several lines of evidence,such as paleoclimatic and paleobotanical reconstructions. 
D) the age of one feature with respect to another within a sequence of events and deduced from the positions of rock strata above and below one another. 
E) historical records from the earliest modern humans that recorded when the rocks and structures were formed. 
A) the age of geological features based on radiometric dating techniques. 
B) the approximate age of geological features based on the period or epoch in which they occurred.For instance,noting a feature is from the Cretaceous. 
C) a range of numeric values in which features were likely formed and based on several lines of evidence,such as paleoclimatic and paleobotanical reconstructions. 
D) the age of one feature with respect to another within a sequence of events and deduced from the positions of rock strata above and below one another. 
E) historical records from the earliest modern humans that recorded when the rocks and structures were formed.

Question 18

The geologic cycle is fueled by

Accepted Answer

A) solar energy,only. 
B) the Earth's internal heat,only. 
C) both solar energy and the Earth's internal heat. 
D) neither solar energy and the Earth's internal heat. 
E) the hydrologic cycle,only. 
A) solar energy,only. 
B) the Earth's internal heat,only. 
C) both solar energy and the Earth's internal heat. 
D) neither solar energy and the Earth's internal heat. 
E) the hydrologic cycle,only.

Question 19

The scientific study of rock strata (layers)is known as _____and based on the principle of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) stratigraphy;superposition 
B) geomorphology;uniformitarianism 
C) Paleontology;catastrophism 
D) Paleogeography;plate tectonics 
E) sedimentology;deposition 
A) stratigraphy;superposition 
B) geomorphology;uniformitarianism 
C) Paleontology;catastrophism 
D) Paleogeography;plate tectonics 
E) sedimentology;deposition

Question 20

When geologists conclude that the Grand Canyon sequence of rocks was formed through hundreds of millions of years of deposition,mountain building,and erosion,they are basing this conclusion on the principle of ____which states that____ .

Accepted Answer

A) catastrophism;most rock formations were created as a result of supernatural processes 
B) catastrophism;a single,large flood was responsible for the creation of the rock sequence 
C) uniformitarianism;all geologic processes take immense amounts of time to occur and always occur at the same rate 
D) uniformitarianism;the geologic processes that operated in the past are the same as those that operate today,and they occurred in accordance with the same laws of nature that are operating today 
E) stasis;the Grand Canyon today is as it has always been,never changing 
A) catastrophism;most rock formations were created as a result of supernatural processes 
B) catastrophism;a single,large flood was responsible for the creation of the rock sequence 
C) uniformitarianism;all geologic processes take immense amounts of time to occur and always occur at the same rate 
D) uniformitarianism;the geologic processes that operated in the past are the same as those that operate today,and they occurred in accordance with the same laws of nature that are operating today 
E) stasis;the Grand Canyon today is as it has always been,never changing

The principle that the same physical processes currently active in the environment were operating throughout Earth's history is known as

Areas of crustal collision and subduction occur along

Which of the following is an endogenic process?

Coarser grained igneous rocks tend to_ be because __.

Which part of Earth is primarily responsible for Earth's magnetic field? Why? What are the characteristics of magnetic reversals? How often do they occur? When will the next one occur,and what will happen when it does?

Geologic time scale showing highlights of Earth's history.(a)Dates appear in m.y.a.(millions of years ago). The Precambrian Eon encompasses what percentage of Earth's total history?

Uniformitarianism assumes that

Sedimentary rock formed from the combined processes of weathering,erosion,transportation,deposition,lithification,and compaction of rock fragments of other rocks are

Geologic time scale showing highlights of Earth's history.(a)Dates appear in m.y.a.(millions of years ago). Which of the following is correct regarding the geologic time scale?

The most recent epoch in the geologic time scale is the ,though numerous scientists agree we have entered a new epoch called the .

Transform faults along plate boundaries are typically associated with

The fact that Earth's interior is sorted into layers indicates that

The ____drives the endogenic processes of the rock cycle.

The process whereby one portion of the lithosphere beneath another and dives downward into the mantel is called

The principal cycles composing the geologic cycle include all the following except

Finer grained igneous rocks tend to be _because _ .

In terms of dating of specific rocks,structures,or landscapes,absolute age refers to

The geologic cycle is fueled by

The scientific study of rock strata (layers)is known as _and based on the principle of .

When geologists conclude that the Grand Canyon sequence of rocks was formed through hundreds of millions of years of deposition,mountain building,and erosion,they are basing this conclusion on the principle of which states that .

Essentials of Geography

Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons

Earth’s Atmosphere

Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Weather

Water Resources

Earth’s Climatic Regions

Climate Change

Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

River Systems

Aeolian Processes and Arid Landscapes

Oceans and Coastal Systems

Glacial Landscapes and the Cryosphere

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystem Essentials

Terrestrial Biomes

Filters

Exam 11: The Dynamic Planet

The principle that the same physical processes currently active in the environment were operating throughout Earth's history is known as

Areas of crustal collision and subduction occur along

Which of the following is an endogenic process?

Coarser grained igneous rocks tend to___ be because ____.

Which part of Earth is primarily responsible for Earth's magnetic field? Why? What are the characteristics of magnetic reversals? How often do they occur? When will the next one occur,and what will happen when it does?

Geologic time scale showing highlights of Earth's history.(a)Dates appear in m.y.a.(millions of years ago). The Precambrian Eon encompasses what percentage of Earth's total history?

Uniformitarianism assumes that

Sedimentary rock formed from the combined processes of weathering,erosion,transportation,deposition,lithification,and compaction of rock fragments of other rocks are

Geologic time scale showing highlights of Earth's history.(a)Dates appear in m.y.a.(millions of years ago). Which of the following is correct regarding the geologic time scale?

The most recent epoch in the geologic time scale is the ____,though numerous scientists agree we have entered a new epoch called the ____.

Transform faults along plate boundaries are typically associated with

The fact that Earth's interior is sorted into layers indicates that

The ____drives the endogenic processes of the rock cycle.

The process whereby one portion of the lithosphere beneath another and dives downward into the mantel is called

The principal cycles composing the geologic cycle include all the following except

Finer grained igneous rocks tend to be ___because ___ .

In terms of dating of specific rocks,structures,or landscapes,absolute age refers to

The geologic cycle is fueled by

The scientific study of rock strata (layers)is known as _____and based on the principle of ____.

When geologists conclude that the Grand Canyon sequence of rocks was formed through hundreds of millions of years of deposition,mountain building,and erosion,they are basing this conclusion on the principle of ____which states that____ .

Essentials of Geography

Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons

Earth’s Atmosphere

Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Weather

Water Resources

Earth’s Climatic Regions

Climate Change

Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

River Systems

Aeolian Processes and Arid Landscapes

Oceans and Coastal Systems

Glacial Landscapes and the Cryosphere

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystem Essentials

Terrestrial Biomes

Filters

Coarser grained igneous rocks tend to_ be because __.

The most recent epoch in the geologic time scale is the ,though numerous scientists agree we have entered a new epoch called the .

Finer grained igneous rocks tend to be _because _ .

The scientific study of rock strata (layers)is known as _and based on the principle of .

When geologists conclude that the Grand Canyon sequence of rocks was formed through hundreds of millions of years of deposition,mountain building,and erosion,they are basing this conclusion on the principle of which states that .