Question 1

In experimental research, presumed cause is to potential effect as _________ is to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent variable; independent variable 
B)  independent variable; dependent variable 
C)  experimental group; control group 
D)  control group; experimental group 
A)  dependent variable; independent variable 
B)  independent variable; dependent variable 
C)  experimental group; control group 
D)  control group; experimental group B

Question 2

Kayley is trying to decide whether to study the relationship between alcohol consumption using survey research techniques on the one hand, or experimental research methods on the other. Which of the following alternatives most accurately identifies considerations Kayley should keep in mind as she plans her research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Survey responses are prone to biases, but survey work allows you to identify causes and effects. Experimental research is more artificial, but allows you to control variables. 
B)  Both survey research and experimental methodology involve somewhat artificial conditions. However, both survey research and experimental research are fairly easy to conduct. 
C)  Both survey research and experimental methodology allow you to identify causes and effects. However, experimental research usually involves artificial laboratory conditions, while survey responses may reflect biases. 
D)  Experimental research usually involves artificial laboratory conditions, but it would allow you to identify causes and effects. Survey research does not allow cause-effect-conclusions, and survey responses may reflect biases. 
A)  Survey responses are prone to biases, but survey work allows you to identify causes and effects. Experimental research is more artificial, but allows you to control variables. 
B)  Both survey research and experimental methodology involve somewhat artificial conditions. However, both survey research and experimental research are fairly easy to conduct. 
C)  Both survey research and experimental methodology allow you to identify causes and effects. However, experimental research usually involves artificial laboratory conditions, while survey responses may reflect biases. 
D)  Experimental research usually involves artificial laboratory conditions, but it would allow you to identify causes and effects. Survey research does not allow cause-effect-conclusions, and survey responses may reflect biases. D

Question 3

How is animal research at colleges, universities, and institutes regulated?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is overseen by the same IRBs that regulate research with human participants. 
B)  It is overseen by an IACUC, a different board than the IRB that regulates research with human participants. 
C)  In contrast to research with human participants, the regulation of animal research is left to the common sense of individual scientists. 
D)  Application must be made to a state board prior to each study involving animal subjects. 
A)  It is overseen by the same IRBs that regulate research with human participants. 
B)  It is overseen by an IACUC, a different board than the IRB that regulates research with human participants. 
C)  In contrast to research with human participants, the regulation of animal research is left to the common sense of individual scientists. 
D)  Application must be made to a state board prior to each study involving animal subjects. B

Question 4

Describe the characteristics of a double-blind study.

Accepted Answer

Neither the researcher nor the

Question 5

Modern psychologists no longer have reasons to be concerned about ethics in research.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

At a DUI checkpoint, some cars are stopped at random; many others are not stopped. Using the terminology of psychological research, the cars that are stopped may be considered a __________ of all the cars that pass by the checkpoint.

Accepted Answer

A)  sample 
B)  subset 
C)  population 
D)  segment 
A)  sample 
B)  subset 
C)  population 
D)  segment

Question 7

Trent, a doctoral student in psychology, is preparing his dissertation proposal. The institutional review board (IRB) at his university will approve his research if:

Accepted Answer

A)  the research promises at least some scientific benefit 
B)  participants will experience no risk or discomfort during the research 
C)  the scientific benefit of the research outweighs the risk to the participants 
D)  participants are fully informed of the study's true purpose before the session begins 
A)  the research promises at least some scientific benefit 
B)  participants will experience no risk or discomfort during the research 
C)  the scientific benefit of the research outweighs the risk to the participants 
D)  participants are fully informed of the study's true purpose before the session begins

Question 8

Which value indicates the greatest likelihood that a result occurred by chance alone?

Accepted Answer

A) 005 
B) 05 
C) 5 
D) 001 
A) 005 
B) 05 
C) 5 
D) 001

Question 9

Amy is conducting a survey of dating attitudes and behaviors among young adults as part of her masters' thesis work. Amy distributes questionnaires to 200 randomly selected students enrolled in an introductory psychology course at her university. The 200 students constitute Amy's ________. The people to whom she assumes her results will generalize are termed the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  control group; population 
B)  experimental group; population 
C)  population; sample 
D)  sample; population 
A)  control group; population 
B)  experimental group; population 
C)  population; sample 
D)  sample; population

Question 10

What procedure at the end of an experiment provides participants with information regarding the full purpose and goals of the study?

Accepted Answer

A)  informed consent 
B)  confidentiality review 
C)  debriefing 
D)  welfare review 
A)  informed consent 
B)  confidentiality review 
C)  debriefing 
D)  welfare review

Question 11

Which of the following research methods is CORRECTLY matched with an advantage?

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic observation - rich source of hypotheses regarding a single individual's behavior 
B)  case study - allows control over variables 
C)  survey research - lets researchers measure the strength of the relationship between variables 
D)  experimental research - highly reflective of actual human behavior 
A)  naturalistic observation - rich source of hypotheses regarding a single individual's behavior 
B)  case study - allows control over variables 
C)  survey research - lets researchers measure the strength of the relationship between variables 
D)  experimental research - highly reflective of actual human behavior

Question 12

Which of the following statements is the best operational definition of "test score"?

Accepted Answer

A)  feeling of success following the test 
B)  feeling of failure following the test 
C)  number of questions answered correctly 
D)  number of questions answered confidently 
A)  feeling of success following the test 
B)  feeling of failure following the test 
C)  number of questions answered correctly 
D)  number of questions answered confidently

Question 13

What are the two essential beliefs that science has regarding the world?

Accepted Answer

The universe operate

Question 14

Paulette encounters the following sentence in a psychology journal article she is reading: "Participants exposed to brief heat stress made more errors on the visual attention task than did participants not exposed to heat stress, p < .05." Paulette can conclude each of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  The difference between the groups in the number of errors most likely stems from heat stress. 
B)  There was a significant difference between the groups in the number of errors. 
C)  The number of errors was much larger in the heat stress group than it was in the other group. 
D)  There is less than a 5% chance that random coincidence was responsible for the difference between the groups in the number of errors. 
A)  The difference between the groups in the number of errors most likely stems from heat stress. 
B)  There was a significant difference between the groups in the number of errors. 
C)  The number of errors was much larger in the heat stress group than it was in the other group. 
D)  There is less than a 5% chance that random coincidence was responsible for the difference between the groups in the number of errors.

Question 15

In an experiment containing one experimental group and one control group, the performance of the participants in the two groups would be compared using a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  t-test 
B)  standard deviation 
C)  analysis of variance 
D)  correlation coefficient 
A)  t-test 
B)  standard deviation 
C)  analysis of variance 
D)  correlation coefficient

Question 16

Velma found a positive correlation between self-reported alcohol and drug use and sick days taken in a study of white-collar workers. A graph of her results would show:

Accepted Answer

A)  a diagonal line from the top left to the bottom right 
B)  a diagonal line from the bottom left to the top right 
C)  a horizontal line 
D)  a U-shaped curve 
A)  a diagonal line from the top left to the bottom right 
B)  a diagonal line from the bottom left to the top right 
C)  a horizontal line 
D)  a U-shaped curve

Question 17

Why is experimental replication necessary?

Accepted Answer

Replication ensures that experimental me

Question 18

Describe a limitation associated with the use of naturalistic observation methodology.

Accepted Answer

Research subjects may change t

Question 19

According to your text, which scientific goal seems to pose a particular challenge for psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  description 
B)  prediction 
C)  explanation 
D)  control 
A)  description 
B)  prediction 
C)  explanation 
D)  control

Question 20

Name 2 benefits of a study that uses a double-blind procedure?

Accepted Answer

Reduces re

In experimental research, presumed cause is to potential effect as _ is to __.

How is animal research at colleges, universities, and institutes regulated?

Describe the characteristics of a double-blind study.

Modern psychologists no longer have reasons to be concerned about ethics in research.

At a DUI checkpoint, some cars are stopped at random; many others are not stopped. Using the terminology of psychological research, the cars that are stopped may be considered a __________ of all the cars that pass by the checkpoint.

Trent, a doctoral student in psychology, is preparing his dissertation proposal. The institutional review board (IRB) at his university will approve his research if:

Which value indicates the greatest likelihood that a result occurred by chance alone?

What procedure at the end of an experiment provides participants with information regarding the full purpose and goals of the study?

Which of the following research methods is CORRECTLY matched with an advantage?

Which of the following statements is the best operational definition of "test score"?

What are the two essential beliefs that science has regarding the world?

Paulette encounters the following sentence in a psychology journal article she is reading: "Participants exposed to brief heat stress made more errors on the visual attention task than did participants not exposed to heat stress, p < .05." Paulette can conclude each of the following EXCEPT:

In an experiment containing one experimental group and one control group, the performance of the participants in the two groups would be compared using a(n):

Velma found a positive correlation between self-reported alcohol and drug use and sick days taken in a study of white-collar workers. A graph of her results would show:

Why is experimental replication necessary?

Describe a limitation associated with the use of naturalistic observation methodology.

According to your text, which scientific goal seems to pose a particular challenge for psychology?

Name 2 benefits of a study that uses a double-blind procedure?

Psychology: Yesterday and Today

Human Development

Neuroscience

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Language and Thought

Intelligence

Motivation

Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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Exam 2: Psychology As a Science

In experimental research, presumed cause is to potential effect as _________ is to __________.

How is animal research at colleges, universities, and institutes regulated?

Describe the characteristics of a double-blind study.

Modern psychologists no longer have reasons to be concerned about ethics in research.

At a DUI checkpoint, some cars are stopped at random; many others are not stopped. Using the terminology of psychological research, the cars that are stopped may be considered a __________ of all the cars that pass by the checkpoint.

Trent, a doctoral student in psychology, is preparing his dissertation proposal. The institutional review board (IRB) at his university will approve his research if:

Which value indicates the greatest likelihood that a result occurred by chance alone?

What procedure at the end of an experiment provides participants with information regarding the full purpose and goals of the study?

Which of the following research methods is CORRECTLY matched with an advantage?

Which of the following statements is the best operational definition of "test score"?

What are the two essential beliefs that science has regarding the world?

Paulette encounters the following sentence in a psychology journal article she is reading: "Participants exposed to brief heat stress made more errors on the visual attention task than did participants not exposed to heat stress, p < .05." Paulette can conclude each of the following EXCEPT:

In an experiment containing one experimental group and one control group, the performance of the participants in the two groups would be compared using a(n):

Velma found a positive correlation between self-reported alcohol and drug use and sick days taken in a study of white-collar workers. A graph of her results would show:

Why is experimental replication necessary?

Describe a limitation associated with the use of naturalistic observation methodology.

According to your text, which scientific goal seems to pose a particular challenge for psychology?

Name 2 benefits of a study that uses a double-blind procedure?

Psychology: Yesterday and Today

Human Development

Neuroscience

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Language and Thought

Intelligence

Motivation

Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

In experimental research, presumed cause is to potential effect as _ is to __.