Exam 9: Language and Thought

A researcher shows pairs of color patches to American college students and members of the Dani culture in Papua New Guinea. The members of each pair are the same or slightly different in hue. Both groups of participants are asked if the members of each color pair or different. The researcher records the accuracy of all participants' color discrimination. Which is the dependent variable in this study? What should the researcher find?

Nigel often cites newspaper editorials favoring the presidential candidate he supports; he appears to ignore editorials critical of the candidate. Nigel appears prone to:

Joan speaks to her toddler son using high-pitched and exaggerated speech. Which type of speech is this an example of?

Which of the following illustrates an automatic process?

What two purposes does lying serve?

Gil is reading a dry, literal technical manual. Faye is reading a lyrical poem filled with figurative language. Which of the following statements best describes the brain hemisphere activation of these two individuals?

What are the two main components of language?

Define aphasia and describe the difference between Wernicke's aphasia and Broca's aphasia.

What is decision making?

The brain's ability to exert control over mental processing is referred to as __________.

Lying to avoid punishment is essentially universal among children by the time they are about ____ years of age.

Which of the following alternatives best expresses the relationships among nonverbal communication, pragmatics, and gesturing?

Describe the interactionist theory of language development.

The ritualistic behavior typical of obsessive compulsive disorder is maintained because it reduces anxiety; that is, the behavior is maintained by _________.

Four-year-old Jimmy tells you he "runned fast but falled down." Jimmy's speech exemplifies ______________; your text suggests that such errors provide evidence for the role of _______ in language development.

Alphonso, who is 2 years old, frequently asks his mother for a drink by using two-word phrases such as "More milk." What type of speech does this represent?

Which component of language is CORRECTLY matched with its usual representation in written language?

What term is used to describe the wording of an advertisement to emphasize its positive characteristics, thus increasing the likelihood of a purchase being made?

When individuals read words that evoke odors, the smell-related portions of the brain become active.

Dr. MacIlhenny wishes to explore gender differences in language arts skills among elementary school students. She suspects, however, that gender differences in scores on language arts tests may be influenced by sex differences in the number of hours that students spend studying and doing homework each week. Which of the following research strategies should she pursue if she wishes to attribute any gender differences she finds specifically to differences in language ability?