Question 1

A decreasing response to a repeated stimulus is called _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction 
B)  latent learning 
C)  habituation 
D)  shaping 
E)  discrimination 
A)  extinction 
B)  latent learning 
C)  habituation 
D)  shaping 
E)  discrimination C

Question 2

If a conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus,the conditioned response will __________ in a process called _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease in strength;extinction 
B)  increase in strength;negative reinforcement 
C)  become the unconditioned response;discrimination 
D)  become a secondary reinforcer;habituation 
E)  stop;positive reinforcement 
A)  decrease in strength;extinction 
B)  increase in strength;negative reinforcement 
C)  become the unconditioned response;discrimination 
D)  become a secondary reinforcer;habituation 
E)  stop;positive reinforcement A

Question 3

According to the ______________ perspective of operant conditioning,the best predictor of behaviour is the perceived contingency between behaviour and its consequences.

Accepted Answer

A)  traditional 
B)  social 
C)  behavioural 
D)  biological 
E)  cognitive 
A)  traditional 
B)  social 
C)  behavioural 
D)  biological 
E)  cognitive E

Question 4

Most people like having a job because they receive money for their work.According to conditioning principles,people are actually working for

Accepted Answer

A)  primary reinforcers. 
B)  chained responses. 
C)  a post- reinforcement pause. 
D)  variable schedules. 
E)  secondary reinforcers 
A)  primary reinforcers. 
B)  chained responses. 
C)  a post- reinforcement pause. 
D)  variable schedules. 
E)  secondary reinforcers

Question 5

Billy is a young child who cannot demonstrate the ability to delay gratification.Research shows that Billy:

Accepted Answer

A)  is unlikely to become a criminal 
B)  will have more difficulty coping with stress and frustration as an adolescent 
C)  is able to forego an immediate but smaller reward for a delayed but more satisfying outcome 
D)  cannot forego an immediate but smaller reward for a delayed but more satisfying outcome 
E)  both will have more difficulty coping with stress and frustration as an adolescent AND cannot forego an immediate but smaller reward for a delayed but more satisfying outcome 
A)  is unlikely to become a criminal 
B)  will have more difficulty coping with stress and frustration as an adolescent 
C)  is able to forego an immediate but smaller reward for a delayed but more satisfying outcome 
D)  cannot forego an immediate but smaller reward for a delayed but more satisfying outcome 
E)  both will have more difficulty coping with stress and frustration as an adolescent AND cannot forego an immediate but smaller reward for a delayed but more satisfying outcome

Question 6

In a classical conditioning experiment that is utilizing backward pairing,the conditioned stimulus is presented after the __________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  unconditioned response 
D)  forward trace pairing 
E)  simultaneous pairing 
A)  unconditioned stimulus 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  unconditioned response 
D)  forward trace pairing 
E)  simultaneous pairing

Question 7

You are taking a shower in your dorm and you hear a toilet being flushed nearby.You briefly step out of the flow of water because you have learned that the water becomes very hot for a few moments after this happens.In this example,which of the following would be considered to be the discriminative stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  the avoidance of hot water 
B)  the exposure to hot water 
C)  stepping out of the shower 
D)  the sound of the toilet being flushed 
E)  exposure to the dorm bathroom 
A)  the avoidance of hot water 
B)  the exposure to hot water 
C)  stepping out of the shower 
D)  the sound of the toilet being flushed 
E)  exposure to the dorm bathroom

Question 8

The schedule of reinforcement that is the most resistant to extinction is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-interval schedule 
B)  variable-ratio schedule 
C)  fixed-ratio schedule 
D)  all of these are equally resistant to extinction 
E)  none of these are resistant to extinction 
A)  fixed-interval schedule 
B)  variable-ratio schedule 
C)  fixed-ratio schedule 
D)  all of these are equally resistant to extinction 
E)  none of these are resistant to extinction

Question 9

A key principle in many therapies that treat phobias and fears is that the phobia or fear is learned and can therefore be

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive. 
B)  unlearned. 
C)  cognitively restructured. 
D)  habituated. 
E)  treated by drugs. 
A)  adaptive. 
B)  unlearned. 
C)  cognitively restructured. 
D)  habituated. 
E)  treated by drugs.

Question 10

It is virtually impossible to train a rat to peck a key for food,but very easy for a pigeon to learn this task.Most likely this reflects the operation of

Accepted Answer

A)  latent learning. 
B)  preparedness. 
C)  discrimination. 
D)  avoidance conditioning. 
E)  fixed action patterning. 
A)  latent learning. 
B)  preparedness. 
C)  discrimination. 
D)  avoidance conditioning. 
E)  fixed action patterning.

Question 11

You are training an animal to bar press for food.Which of the following schedules would be most resistant to extinction?

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous reinforcement 
B)  FR 5 
C)  FI 60 seconds 
D)  VR 7 
E)  VI 5 minutes 
A)  continuous reinforcement 
B)  FR 5 
C)  FI 60 seconds 
D)  VR 7 
E)  VI 5 minutes

Question 12

A dog has completely acquired a classically conditioned salivation response.When a bell is rung,the dog salivates.Next the dog is put into extinction and returned to his home cage for two weeks.The next time he enters the experimental region,a bell rings and the dog salivates.What has happened?

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination 
B)  higher-order conditioning 
C)  acquisition 
D)  partial reinforcement 
E)  spontaneous recovery 
A)  discrimination 
B)  higher-order conditioning 
C)  acquisition 
D)  partial reinforcement 
E)  spontaneous recovery

Question 13

Which of the following statement(s)is/are FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behaviourists treated the organism as a tabula rasa,or blank tablet;ethologists argued that every species comes into the world biologically prepared to act in certain ways. 
B)  Ethologists treated the organism as a tabula rasa,or blank tablet;behaviourists argued that every species comes into the world biologically prepared to act in certain ways. 
C)  Ethologists focused on behaviour in the natural setting;behaviourists conducted most of their research in controlled laboratory settings. 
D)  Behaviourists focused on behaviour in the natural setting;ethologists conducted most of their research in controlled laboratory settings. 
E)  Both ethologists treated the organism as a tabula rasa,or blank tablet;behaviourists argued that every species comes into the world biologically prepared to act in certain ways AND behaviourists focused on behaviour in the natural setting;ethologists conducted most of their research in controlled laboratory settings are false. 
A)  Behaviourists treated the organism as a tabula rasa,or blank tablet;ethologists argued that every species comes into the world biologically prepared to act in certain ways. 
B)  Ethologists treated the organism as a tabula rasa,or blank tablet;behaviourists argued that every species comes into the world biologically prepared to act in certain ways. 
C)  Ethologists focused on behaviour in the natural setting;behaviourists conducted most of their research in controlled laboratory settings. 
D)  Behaviourists focused on behaviour in the natural setting;ethologists conducted most of their research in controlled laboratory settings. 
E)  Both ethologists treated the organism as a tabula rasa,or blank tablet;behaviourists argued that every species comes into the world biologically prepared to act in certain ways AND behaviourists focused on behaviour in the natural setting;ethologists conducted most of their research in controlled laboratory settings are false.

Question 14

According to Bandura,if you believe that you have the capability to perform behaviours that produce desired outcomes,you have a high degree of

Accepted Answer

A)  self-belief. 
B)  imitation. 
C)  self-evaluation. 
D)  self-efficacy. 
E)  latent learning. 
A)  self-belief. 
B)  imitation. 
C)  self-evaluation. 
D)  self-efficacy. 
E)  latent learning.

Question 15

If you were training an animal and wanted to generate the highest rate of responding you would use

Accepted Answer

A)  an interval schedule. 
B)  a continuous reinforcement schedule. 
C)  a ratio schedule. 
D)  a discriminative stimulus. 
E)  a secondary reinforcer. 
A)  an interval schedule. 
B)  a continuous reinforcement schedule. 
C)  a ratio schedule. 
D)  a discriminative stimulus. 
E)  a secondary reinforcer.

Question 16

You are trying to convince a parent that allowing her children to watch violence on TV can result in the children picking up the violent behaviour themselves.Your argument is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  social learning theory. 
B)  preparedness. 
C)  applied behaviour analysis. 
D)  insight. 
E)  latent learning. 
A)  social learning theory. 
B)  preparedness. 
C)  applied behaviour analysis. 
D)  insight. 
E)  latent learning.

Question 17

Animals appear to be biologically prewired to easily learn behaviour that is related to their survival as a species because of evolutionary forces.This is referred to as _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  latent learning 
B)  operant extinction 
C)  preparedness 
D)  avoidance conditioning 
E)  fixed action patterning 
A)  latent learning 
B)  operant extinction 
C)  preparedness 
D)  avoidance conditioning 
E)  fixed action patterning

Question 18

Animals placed on this schedule of reinforcement often show a pause in responding briefly after being reinforced possibly because they have learned that the next response is never reinforced.This behaviour is indicative of the ____________ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-interval 
B)  fixed-ratio 
C)  variable-interval 
D)  variable-ratio 
E)  intermittent ratio 
A)  fixed-interval 
B)  fixed-ratio 
C)  variable-interval 
D)  variable-ratio 
E)  intermittent ratio

Question 19

Escape conditioning and avoidance conditioning are maintained through

Accepted Answer

A)  operant generalization. 
B)  operant discrimination. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  stimulus generalization. 
E)  positive reinforcement. 
A)  operant generalization. 
B)  operant discrimination. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  stimulus generalization. 
E)  positive reinforcement.

Question 20

An animal in a skinner box presses a lever and receives an electric shock.As a result,the lever pressing behaviour decreases.What has happened?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  negative punishment 
E)  discrimination training 
A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  negative punishment 
E)  discrimination training

A decreasing response to a repeated stimulus is called _______________.

If a conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus,the conditioned response will __ in a process called _.

According to the ______________ perspective of operant conditioning,the best predictor of behaviour is the perceived contingency between behaviour and its consequences.

Most people like having a job because they receive money for their work.According to conditioning principles,people are actually working for

Billy is a young child who cannot demonstrate the ability to delay gratification.Research shows that Billy:

In a classical conditioning experiment that is utilizing backward pairing,the conditioned stimulus is presented after the __________________.

The schedule of reinforcement that is the most resistant to extinction is the:

A key principle in many therapies that treat phobias and fears is that the phobia or fear is learned and can therefore be

It is virtually impossible to train a rat to peck a key for food,but very easy for a pigeon to learn this task.Most likely this reflects the operation of

You are training an animal to bar press for food.Which of the following schedules would be most resistant to extinction?

A dog has completely acquired a classically conditioned salivation response.When a bell is rung,the dog salivates.Next the dog is put into extinction and returned to his home cage for two weeks.The next time he enters the experimental region,a bell rings and the dog salivates.What has happened?

Which of the following statement(s)is/are FALSE?

According to Bandura,if you believe that you have the capability to perform behaviours that produce desired outcomes,you have a high degree of

If you were training an animal and wanted to generate the highest rate of responding you would use

You are trying to convince a parent that allowing her children to watch violence on TV can result in the children picking up the violent behaviour themselves.Your argument is based on

Animals appear to be biologically prewired to easily learn behaviour that is related to their survival as a species because of evolutionary forces.This is referred to as _____________.

Animals placed on this schedule of reinforcement often show a pause in responding briefly after being reinforced possibly because they have learned that the next response is never reinforced.This behaviour is indicative of the ____________ schedule of reinforcement.

Escape conditioning and avoidance conditioning are maintained through

An animal in a skinner box presses a lever and receives an electric shock.As a result,the lever pressing behaviour decreases.What has happened?

Psychology: The Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

A decreasing response to a repeated stimulus is called _______________.

If a conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus,the conditioned response will __________ in a process called _________.

According to the ______________ perspective of operant conditioning,the best predictor of behaviour is the perceived contingency between behaviour and its consequences.

Most people like having a job because they receive money for their work.According to conditioning principles,people are actually working for

Billy is a young child who cannot demonstrate the ability to delay gratification.Research shows that Billy:

In a classical conditioning experiment that is utilizing backward pairing,the conditioned stimulus is presented after the __________________.

The schedule of reinforcement that is the most resistant to extinction is the:

A key principle in many therapies that treat phobias and fears is that the phobia or fear is learned and can therefore be

It is virtually impossible to train a rat to peck a key for food,but very easy for a pigeon to learn this task.Most likely this reflects the operation of

You are training an animal to bar press for food.Which of the following schedules would be most resistant to extinction?

A dog has completely acquired a classically conditioned salivation response.When a bell is rung,the dog salivates.Next the dog is put into extinction and returned to his home cage for two weeks.The next time he enters the experimental region,a bell rings and the dog salivates.What has happened?

Which of the following statement(s)is/are FALSE?

According to Bandura,if you believe that you have the capability to perform behaviours that produce desired outcomes,you have a high degree of

If you were training an animal and wanted to generate the highest rate of responding you would use

You are trying to convince a parent that allowing her children to watch violence on TV can result in the children picking up the violent behaviour themselves.Your argument is based on

Animals appear to be biologically prewired to easily learn behaviour that is related to their survival as a species because of evolutionary forces.This is referred to as _____________.

Animals placed on this schedule of reinforcement often show a pause in responding briefly after being reinforced possibly because they have learned that the next response is never reinforced.This behaviour is indicative of the ____________ schedule of reinforcement.

Escape conditioning and avoidance conditioning are maintained through

An animal in a skinner box presses a lever and receives an electric shock.As a result,the lever pressing behaviour decreases.What has happened?

Psychology: The Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

If a conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus,the conditioned response will __ in a process called _.