Exam 29: Methods in Microbial Ecology

________ microbes are used to measure oxygen availability,UV radiation dose,pollutant or toxic chemical effects,and stress.

Phylogenetic oligonucleotide arrays (POAs)contain rRNA sequences as probes and are used as a means to detect complementary rRNA sequences from the environment.

When fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides that are known to be specific to the microbe of interest are used to label natural samples,the technique is known as

It is generally agreed that SSU (small subunit ribosomal RNA)analysis is a technique that is well suited to identifying species present in a given community.

A technique used to quantify specific types of microbes in natural samples,enrichment cultures,and food or water samples is known as the _______ ________ _______ technique.

The fact that cells of genetically uniform population do not have similar phenotypic attributes is called ____________ heterogeneity.

The goal of __________ is to identify each protein present in a given microenvironment at the time of sampling.

The reporter gene most commonly used to monitor changes in the physical microenvironment for a single microorganism is the

Stable isotope analysis to indicate whether or not certain elements have been processed by an organism is based on the observation that

_______ culture are pure cultures,consisting of a single species.

When doing SSU (small subunit ribosomal RNA)of a mixed population of microbes from an environmental sample,specific _____________ are identified.

When PCR amplification of SSU (small subunit ribosomal RNA)yields a population of different PCR products of about the same molecular weight,these fragments can be separated for further analysis by

The use of modern molecular techniques has provided a mechanism for growing the microorganisms previously referred to as unculturable.

The level of specific mRNA,and therefore the expression of a given gene in a particular ecosystem,can be evaluated in the environment using in situ reverse transcriptase (ISRT)-FISH.

The discrepancy between the number of microbial cells observed by microscopic examination and the number of colonies that can be cultivated from the same natural sample may be due to

The fact that certain nucleotide templates are more readily amplified than others is termed

Which of the following is microscopy in which the microscope is fitted with light filters that enable the excitation of the specimen with a specific wavelength?

Recent evidence suggests that most microbial communities have many individuals representing at least ______ taxa.

_______ _______ arrays are used to assess the diversity of a microbial population.

In the microdroplet culture method,cells from mixed assemblages are encapsulated in a gel matrix.The matrix is then emulsified to generate gel "microdroplets"; each microdroplet contains a mixture of cells.