Exam 5: Advanced Data Modeling

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Entity supertypes and subtypes are organized in a specialization hierarchy.

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____ keys work with primary keys to properly implement relationships in the relational model.

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Describe specialization and generalization.

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Specialization is the top-down process of identifying lower-level,more specific entity subtypes from a higher-level entity supertype.Specialization is based on grouping the unique characteristics and relationships of the subtypes.In the aviation example,you used specialization to identify multiple entity subtypes from the original employee supertype.Generalization is the bottom-up process of identifying a higher-level,more generic entity supertype from lower-level entity subtypes.Generalization is based on grouping the common characteristics and relationships of the subtypes.For example,you might identify multiple types of musical instruments: piano,violin,and guitar.Using the generalization approach,you could identify a "string instrument" entity supertype to hold the common characteristics of the multiple subtypes.

Explain the "no change over time" characteristic of a good primary key.

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At the implementation level,the supertype and its subtype(s)depicted in the specialization hierarchy maintain a ____ relationship.

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The _________________________ is the result of adding more semantic constructs to the original entity relationship (ER)model.

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Generalization is based on grouping unique characteristics and relationships of the subtypes.

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Composite keys are useful as identifiers of weak entities,where the weak entity has a strong ____________________ relationship with the parent entity.

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The default comparison condition for the subtype discriminator attribute is the ____ comparison.

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A(n)____ is the attribute in the supertype entity that determines to which entity subtype each supertype occurrence is related.

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An entity supertype can have disjoint or overlapping entity subtypes.

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A specialization hierarchy can have ____ level(s)of supertype/subtype relationships.

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Disjoint subtypes are subtypes that contain nonunique subsets of the supertype entity set.

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Some designs use redundant relationships as a way to simplify the design.

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A design trap occurs when a relationship is improperly or incompletely identified and is therefore represented in a way that is not consistent with the real world.

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The extended entity relationship model (EERM)is sometimes referred to as the ____.

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One important inheritance characteristic is that all entity subtypes inherit their ____ key attribute from their supertype.

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What is an entity cluster?

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What do specialization hierarchies do?

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In specialization hierarchies with multiple levels of supertype/subtypes,a lower-level supertype inherits all of the attributes and relationships from all of its upper-level subtypes.

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