Question 1

Folkways, mores, and taboos are types of norms. Describe the differences between them and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Folkways are norms that are shared and encouraged, but not strictly enforced. Mores are norms that are taken seriously because they are seen as essential to our core values, so we insist that people conform to them. Taboos are norms that are so strongly ingrained that even the thought of not conforming produces a negative emotional reaction, and infractions can lead to serious sanction, imprisonment, or death.

Question 2

What is ethnocentrism? Discuss how ethnocentrism can have both positive and negative consequences for group life. Provide examples to illustrate your discussion of the positive and negative consequences of ethnocentrism.

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism is the tendency to use our own group's ways of doing things as the yardstick for judging others. Positive effects include the tendency to build group loyalty, social solidarity, and patriotism, and to deal with threatening situations effectively. Negative consequences are based primarily on the tendency to allow ethnocentrism to overshadow our relationships with others who are different, creating prejudice and discrimination. A positive impact of ethnocentrism was America's ability to improve in math and science during the Cold War. A negative example would be the mass murder of Muslims by the Serbs in Bosnia.

Question 3

Groups are more prone to changing their material culture before they change their nonmaterial culture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

What is natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Certain genetic characteristics of a spe

Question 5

Describe the process of cultural diffusion and explain how it contributes to cultural leveling. Give an example.

Accepted Answer

Cultural diffusion refers to the process

Question 6

Anthropologist Ralph Linton said, "The last thing a fish would ever notice would be water." What does this imply about culture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Culture is taken for granted by members of society who share it. 
B)  There is only one acceptable method of doing any particular job. 
C)  Every culture establishes firm standards by which it functions. 
D)  Water is symbolic and has nothing to do with the statement. 
A)  Culture is taken for granted by members of society who share it. 
B)  There is only one acceptable method of doing any particular job. 
C)  Every culture establishes firm standards by which it functions. 
D)  Water is symbolic and has nothing to do with the statement.

Question 7

The automobile, and the skills needed to drive it, would be an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nonmaterial culture 
B)  technology 
C)  cultural leveling 
D)  cultural adaptation 
A)  nonmaterial culture 
B)  technology 
C)  cultural leveling 
D)  cultural adaptation

Question 8

Sociologists use the concept of "norms" to describe ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  standards by which people define what is socially desirable 
B)  expressions of disapproval for violating socially acceptable behavior 
C)  ideas about what is true or false 
D)  expectations or rules of behavior that develop from values 
A)  standards by which people define what is socially desirable 
B)  expressions of disapproval for violating socially acceptable behavior 
C)  ideas about what is true or false 
D)  expectations or rules of behavior that develop from values

Question 9

In recent years, cultures have become more similar to each other as a result of travel and communication. Sociologists use the term "________" to describe this process.

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural bridging 
B)  cultural adaptation 
C)  cultural dissolution 
D)  cultural leveling 
A)  cultural bridging 
B)  cultural adaptation 
C)  cultural dissolution 
D)  cultural leveling

Question 10

Several years ago, the gay community applied for a permit to march in the St. Patrick Day's Parade in Boston. When denied, the gay community filed suit and won. Rather than permitting the gay community to march in the parade, the parade trustees cancelled the event. Sociologists would suggest this conflict in values between the trustees of the parade and the gay community would eventually lead to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  consensus that gays are evil because they caused a traditional event to be cancelled 
B)  social change that brings attention to gay rights and eventual acceptance 
C)  social integration of the gay and straight communities resulting in a bisexual society 
D)  armed conflict, or "cultural war, " between the gay and straight communities 
A)  consensus that gays are evil because they caused a traditional event to be cancelled 
B)  social change that brings attention to gay rights and eventual acceptance 
C)  social integration of the gay and straight communities resulting in a bisexual society 
D)  armed conflict, or "cultural war, " between the gay and straight communities

Question 11

The refusal of Christians to accept Islam as a valid religion is a form of ________, while the sincere effort to understand the practice of having multiple wives in some societies is a form of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  public sociology; culture shock 
B)  value contradiction; value cluster 
C)  ethnocentrism; cultural relativism 
D)  culture shock; cultural diffusion 
A)  public sociology; culture shock 
B)  value contradiction; value cluster 
C)  ethnocentrism; cultural relativism 
D)  culture shock; cultural diffusion

Question 12

In his book, Sick Societies, anthropologist Robert Edgerton proposed that cultures should be evaluated on their "quality of life" and not just automatically accepted. This is contrary to which of the following sociological concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  symbolic culture 
B)  cultural relativism 
C)  Sapir-Whorf hypothesis 
D)  culture shock 
A)  symbolic culture 
B)  cultural relativism 
C)  Sapir-Whorf hypothesis 
D)  culture shock

Question 13

The sociologist who identified ten underlying core values of American society was ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Michael Burawoy 
B)  Edward Wilson 
C)  Robin Williams 
D)  John Jacob Natzke 
A)  Michael Burawoy 
B)  Edward Wilson 
C)  Robin Williams 
D)  John Jacob Natzke

Question 14

If Alice came to class wearing a soiled and torn blouse, she would be violating a ________. But if Alice came to class not wearing a blouse (or any other garment), she would be violating a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  norm; folkway 
B)  folkway; more 
C)  more; law 
D)  folkway; value 
A)  norm; folkway 
B)  folkway; more 
C)  more; law 
D)  folkway; value

Question 15

There is nothing "natural" about material or nonmaterial culture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Monique, Alice, and Rebecca are high-priced call girls who work large conventions and have exclusive client lists. They are meticulous in the clients they choose to service and only work for exclusive, high-paying patrons. Are Monique, Alice, and Rebecca members of a subculture or a counterculture? Explain the reasons for your answer.

Accepted Answer

Monique, Alice, and Rebecca are members

Question 17

What are two other names for sociobiology?

Accepted Answer

neo-Darwin

Question 18

Jewelry, art, hairstyles, and clothing each represent examples of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  high culture 
B)  nonmaterial culture 
C)  material culture 
D)  low culture 
A)  high culture 
B)  nonmaterial culture 
C)  material culture 
D)  low culture

Question 19

The author's description of the arrival of the Hmong in America illustrates that culture shock is experienced by people all over the world and not just Americans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Without language, human culture would ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  live in the past and have no concept of the future 
B)  focus more on plans and actions instead of talk 
C)  be little more advanced than lower primates 
D)  have to become totally dependent upon memory 
A)  live in the past and have no concept of the future 
B)  focus more on plans and actions instead of talk 
C)  be little more advanced than lower primates 
D)  have to become totally dependent upon memory

Folkways, mores, and taboos are types of norms. Describe the differences between them and give an example of each.

What is ethnocentrism? Discuss how ethnocentrism can have both positive and negative consequences for group life. Provide examples to illustrate your discussion of the positive and negative consequences of ethnocentrism.

Groups are more prone to changing their material culture before they change their nonmaterial culture.

What is natural selection?

Describe the process of cultural diffusion and explain how it contributes to cultural leveling. Give an example.

Anthropologist Ralph Linton said, "The last thing a fish would ever notice would be water." What does this imply about culture?

The automobile, and the skills needed to drive it, would be an example of ________.

Sociologists use the concept of "norms" to describe ________.

In recent years, cultures have become more similar to each other as a result of travel and communication. Sociologists use the term "________" to describe this process.

The refusal of Christians to accept Islam as a valid religion is a form of , while the sincere effort to understand the practice of having multiple wives in some societies is a form of .

In his book, Sick Societies, anthropologist Robert Edgerton proposed that cultures should be evaluated on their "quality of life" and not just automatically accepted. This is contrary to which of the following sociological concepts?

The sociologist who identified ten underlying core values of American society was ________.

If Alice came to class wearing a soiled and torn blouse, she would be violating a . But if Alice came to class not wearing a blouse (or any other garment), she would be violating a .

There is nothing "natural" about material or nonmaterial culture.

What are two other names for sociobiology?

Jewelry, art, hairstyles, and clothing each represent examples of ________.

The author's description of the arrival of the Hmong in America illustrates that culture shock is experienced by people all over the world and not just Americans.

Without language, human culture would ________.

The Sociological Perspective

Socialization

Social Structure and Social Interaction

How Sociologists Do Research

Societies to Social Networks

Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations

Deviance and Social Control

Global Stratification

Social Class in the United States

Sex and Gender

Race and Ethnicity

The Elderly

The Economy

Politics

Marriage and Family

Education

Religion

Medicine and Health

Population and Urbanization

Collective Behavior and Social Movements

Social Change and the Environment

Filters

Exam 2: Culture

Folkways, mores, and taboos are types of norms. Describe the differences between them and give an example of each.

What is ethnocentrism? Discuss how ethnocentrism can have both positive and negative consequences for group life. Provide examples to illustrate your discussion of the positive and negative consequences of ethnocentrism.

Groups are more prone to changing their material culture before they change their nonmaterial culture.

What is natural selection?

Describe the process of cultural diffusion and explain how it contributes to cultural leveling. Give an example.

Anthropologist Ralph Linton said, "The last thing a fish would ever notice would be water." What does this imply about culture?

The automobile, and the skills needed to drive it, would be an example of ________.

Sociologists use the concept of "norms" to describe ________.

In recent years, cultures have become more similar to each other as a result of travel and communication. Sociologists use the term "________" to describe this process.

The refusal of Christians to accept Islam as a valid religion is a form of ________, while the sincere effort to understand the practice of having multiple wives in some societies is a form of ________.

In his book, Sick Societies, anthropologist Robert Edgerton proposed that cultures should be evaluated on their "quality of life" and not just automatically accepted. This is contrary to which of the following sociological concepts?

The sociologist who identified ten underlying core values of American society was ________.

If Alice came to class wearing a soiled and torn blouse, she would be violating a ________. But if Alice came to class not wearing a blouse (or any other garment), she would be violating a ________.

There is nothing "natural" about material or nonmaterial culture.

What are two other names for sociobiology?

Jewelry, art, hairstyles, and clothing each represent examples of ________.

The author's description of the arrival of the Hmong in America illustrates that culture shock is experienced by people all over the world and not just Americans.

Without language, human culture would ________.

The Sociological Perspective

Socialization

Social Structure and Social Interaction

How Sociologists Do Research

Societies to Social Networks

Bureaucracy and Formal Organizations

Deviance and Social Control

Global Stratification

Social Class in the United States

Sex and Gender

Race and Ethnicity

The Elderly

The Economy

Politics

Marriage and Family

Education

Religion

Medicine and Health

Population and Urbanization

Collective Behavior and Social Movements

Social Change and the Environment

Filters

The refusal of Christians to accept Islam as a valid religion is a form of , while the sincere effort to understand the practice of having multiple wives in some societies is a form of .

If Alice came to class wearing a soiled and torn blouse, she would be violating a . But if Alice came to class not wearing a blouse (or any other garment), she would be violating a .