Exam 7: Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization

Sophia loves to read books.Her parents think that reading books is important, so they reward her with $5 every time she reads a book.Over time, Sophia realizes that she really doesn't love books all that much.What is this an example of?

Claude Steele's research on self-affirmation suggests that people who are ____________ to self-affirm are generally ____________ than people who are ____________ to self-affirm.

Let's say a company that makes a consumer product such as laundry detergent asks customers to write a testimonial about the product in exchange for a small chance of winning a prize.What does cognitive dissonance theory predict will happen to consumers who participate and write the testimonial?

Attitudes are based solely on our affective response toward objects.

Balance theory is a specific example of a broader class of theories concerning cognitive consistency and attitudes.

After doing poorly on his biology exam, Jim reminds himself that he is a good artist and a loving boyfriend.Thus, Jim is using ____________ to cope with a potential threat to his self-esteem.

Lucy's family is poor.Although they wish they were more prosperous, they take comfort in the love and support they provide to each other.As a result, Lucy's family does not endorse proposed changes to the laws that would provide them with better health insurance.Their behavior can be explained by

Attitude-behavior consistency should be higher when the attitude and the behavior are measured at the same level of specificity.

Bradley narrowly escapes a head-on collision while driving from home.Once he arrives, he turns on the television and sees a political ad for the challenger in the local mayoral race, which focuses on how the challenger will change city policies if elected.According to research on terror management, how will he evaluate this ad?

According to Daryl Bem's self-perception theory,

Recall that Festinger and Carlsmith gave participants either $1 or $20 for telling others that an experiment was fun and interesting.The experiment entailed turning pegs on a pegboard one quarter turn at a time.Thus, in actuality, the experiment was tedious and boring.Study results showed that

Consider the following statement: "Making hard decisions triggers dissonance, which in turn triggers processes of rationalization that make us comfortable with our decisions." This statement captures the phenomenon explained by

George listens to music while studying for his biology test.While he studies, he nods his head in time to the music.Over time, George realizes he likes biology a lot more than he initially did.Why is this?

According to the textbook, why is it a good idea for incumbent politicians to campaign for maintaining the safety and security of their countries?

Consider the following quote: "How do I know what I think until I hear what I say?" The sentiment expressed in this quote captures the essence of

When researchers use a Likert scale to assess individuals' attitudes, they

Mark has a strong preference for Honda over all other car brands.When it came time to buy a new car, Mark finds that Nissan has released a new car that is more desirable to him, so he buys the Nissan.According to the research described in the textbook, why would this scenario increase dissonance in the wake of Mark's attitude-inconsistent behavior?

The ____________ component of an attitude consists of the emotional reactions a person has to the attitude object.

You want to chat with your friend during class, but you're worried that the professor or other students would notice, so you choose not to talk to your friend.This illustrates

Jackie's parents always taught her that she ought to "put on a happy face" and always appear happy, even when she is not.According to research on self-perception theory, what effect does this behavior have on her corresponding internal state?