Question 1

Unlike perceived control,self-efficacy

Accepted Answer

A) is strongly related to positive health outcomes. 
B) represents confidence in one's ability to perform specific behaviours. 
C) can reduce feelings of learned helplessness. 
D) does not have any impact on behaviour. 
E) is more difficult to change. 
A) is strongly related to positive health outcomes. 
B) represents confidence in one's ability to perform specific behaviours. 
C) can reduce feelings of learned helplessness. 
D) does not have any impact on behaviour. 
E) is more difficult to change.

Question 2

Ellen just failed her driving test.She attributed her failure to the fact that her boyfriend gave her a bad cold.What type of attribution is this?

Accepted Answer

A) unstable,external,and specific 
B) stable,external,and specific 
C) stable,external,and global 
D) unstable,internal,and specific 
E) stable,internal,and global 
A) unstable,external,and specific 
B) stable,external,and specific 
C) stable,external,and global 
D) unstable,internal,and specific 
E) stable,internal,and global

Question 3

According to stress research pioneer Richard Lazarus (1966,1993),it is _______ and not _______ stress that causes problems for people.

Accepted Answer

A) negative; positive 
B) physical; emotional 
C) personal; social 
D) subjective; objective 
E) social; personal 
A) negative; positive 
B) physical; emotional 
C) personal; social 
D) subjective; objective 
E) social; personal

Question 4

Shelley Taylor found that those in East Asian collectivistic cultures are ________ likely to seek help from others because________.

Accepted Answer

A) more; they have been raised with interdependence as a core value. 
B) not; because others anticipate their needs and provide that help without asking. 
C) less.; it will disrupt the harmony of the group and open them up to criticism from others. 
D) less; because being independent and 'standing on your own two feet' is a core value in their culture. 
E) more;it helps to foster harmony in the family and emphasize their strong bond. 
A) more; they have been raised with interdependence as a core value. 
B) not; because others anticipate their needs and provide that help without asking. 
C) less.; it will disrupt the harmony of the group and open them up to criticism from others. 
D) less; because being independent and 'standing on your own two feet' is a core value in their culture. 
E) more;it helps to foster harmony in the family and emphasize their strong bond.

Question 5

Consider the findings from the study by Cohen and his colleagues (1991; 1993)on stress and the immune system.On a college campus,when would students be most susceptible to catching a cold?

Accepted Answer

A) just after returning from Spring Break 
B) the second week of the semester 
C) finals week,when there are many exams and papers due 
D) during summer break 
E) at the beginning of the fall term 
A) just after returning from Spring Break 
B) the second week of the semester 
C) finals week,when there are many exams and papers due 
D) during summer break 
E) at the beginning of the fall term

Question 6

Patrick has experienced a large number of changes in his life recently.He has lost his job,is getting a divorce,is facing income tax evasion charges,and his wife is expecting a child.Patrick has also reported an increase in anxiety and has been sick a lot over the last six months.Some researchers would suggest that increased stress has taken a toll on Patrick's health.Others would convincingly suggest that _______ would better account for this relation.

Accepted Answer

A) environmental pollution 
B) a lack of exercise and improper diet 
C) a clinical disorder 
D) a genetic defect 
E) certain personality traits 
A) environmental pollution 
B) a lack of exercise and improper diet 
C) a clinical disorder 
D) a genetic defect 
E) certain personality traits

Question 7

Four students end up at the academic counseling centre concerned about their poor performance during their first term at university.All of them admit that the first term was difficult.Applying the concept of personal control,who will most probably do better next term?

Accepted Answer

A) Omar who says,"Maybe if I quit my part-time job I'll do better." 
B) Lindsey who says,"Although I should have figured it out last term,I think I now know what information I need from my professors to do better." 
C) Sarah who says,"I have to get used to getting lower grades than I did in high school." 
D) Julien who says,"All I can do is study harder and hope that I do better." 
E) Both Julien and Omar. 
A) Omar who says,"Maybe if I quit my part-time job I'll do better." 
B) Lindsey who says,"Although I should have figured it out last term,I think I now know what information I need from my professors to do better." 
C) Sarah who says,"I have to get used to getting lower grades than I did in high school." 
D) Julien who says,"All I can do is study harder and hope that I do better." 
E) Both Julien and Omar.

Question 8

Sheldon Cohen and his colleagues (1991,1993)exposed some participants to the virus that causes the common cold and exposed other participants to an inert saline solution.They found that the more stress participants reported,the more likely they were to contract colds.Results of this study suggest that

Accepted Answer

A) interpretations of stress are more important than objective stress. 
B) contracting a cold is often perceived as stressful. 
C) physical illness can make us more susceptible to stress. 
D) exposure to viruses can be a source of stress on the immune system. 
E) stress can negatively affect our immune systems. 
A) interpretations of stress are more important than objective stress. 
B) contracting a cold is often perceived as stressful. 
C) physical illness can make us more susceptible to stress. 
D) exposure to viruses can be a source of stress on the immune system. 
E) stress can negatively affect our immune systems.

Question 9

Although we know that smoking,unsafe sex,and unhealthy eating are bad for us,many Canadians still do these things.Please describe why that is and interventions that use cognitive dissonance processes to address these problems.

Accepted Answer

People engage in unhealthy behaviours be

Question 10

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) On average,women are more optimistic than are men. 
B) Optimistic people tend to be healthier than pessimists. 
C) Optimistic people have a better outlook on negative events. 
D) In general,people expect more good things to happen to them than to their peers. 
E) Most people have a healthy balance of optimism and reality-monitoring. 
A) On average,women are more optimistic than are men. 
B) Optimistic people tend to be healthier than pessimists. 
C) Optimistic people have a better outlook on negative events. 
D) In general,people expect more good things to happen to them than to their peers. 
E) Most people have a healthy balance of optimism and reality-monitoring.

Question 11

It is ethically impossible to conduct experimental studies of stress and immune responses in humans to determine whether severe stress actually causes susceptibility to health problems.However,Cacioppo and his colleagues (1998)found that _______.

Accepted Answer

A) stressors can increase anxiety which is related to infections. 
B) major stressors can impact the length of the common cold. 
C) even minor stressors can suppress immune responses. 
D) people who experience stress are ill more often. 
E) loud noises can suppress immune responses. 
A) stressors can increase anxiety which is related to infections. 
B) major stressors can impact the length of the common cold. 
C) even minor stressors can suppress immune responses. 
D) people who experience stress are ill more often. 
E) loud noises can suppress immune responses.

Question 12

Based on Ellen Langer and Judith Rodin's (1976)study of perceived control in elderly nursing home residents,what would be the best thing for a nursing home administrator to say to residents?

Accepted Answer

A) "We are here to respond to your needs and make your life enjoyable." 
B) "At each meal,you have a choice of three entrées." 
C) "Please do not use tape to attach pictures to the walls." 
D) "Don't worry,we have everything under control." 
E) "Feel free to ask the aides to help you rearrange your room." 
A) "We are here to respond to your needs and make your life enjoyable." 
B) "At each meal,you have a choice of three entrées." 
C) "Please do not use tape to attach pictures to the walls." 
D) "Don't worry,we have everything under control." 
E) "Feel free to ask the aides to help you rearrange your room."

Question 13

Tim Wilson and Patricia Linville (1982,1985)performed a study for which they recruited first-year students who were concerned about their academic performance.Students in the experimental group received statistics on grade improvement over the course of college and saw videotapes of upper-year students who talked about the improvements in their grades after the first year.Students exposed to the statistics and videotapes actually did better in school and were less likely to drop out.In all likelihood,Wilson and Linville refuted _______ attributions in these students.

Accepted Answer

A) internal 
B) global 
C) specific 
D) external 
E) stable 
A) internal 
B) global 
C) specific 
D) external 
E) stable

Question 14

David Spiegel and his colleagues (1989)studied the role of social support among women with breast cancer and discovered that social support

Accepted Answer

A) had no effect on their physical or mental well-being. 
B) reduced fear and prolonged their life-expectancy. 
C) played a bigger role towards the end of these women's lives. 
D) can sometimes lead to greater psychological distress. 
E) only made a difference if provided by family and friends. 
A) had no effect on their physical or mental well-being. 
B) reduced fear and prolonged their life-expectancy. 
C) played a bigger role towards the end of these women's lives. 
D) can sometimes lead to greater psychological distress. 
E) only made a difference if provided by family and friends.

Question 15

_______ refers to people's belief that they can influence their environment and thus can influence the odds of positive or negative outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A) Learned helplessness 
B) Perceived control 
C) Social support 
D) Self-efficacy 
E) Self-delusion 
A) Learned helplessness 
B) Perceived control 
C) Social support 
D) Self-efficacy 
E) Self-delusion

Question 16

Research by Sastry and Ross (1998)suggests that a sense of control is more valued in ________ cultures.

Accepted Answer

A) agricultural 
B) collectivist 
C) East Asian 
D) Industrialized 
E) Western 
A) agricultural 
B) collectivist 
C) East Asian 
D) Industrialized 
E) Western

Question 17

Describe the gender differences in coping styles.Discuss why such a difference might exist and what the implications are for health.

Accepted Answer

Males tend to respond using the "fight-o

Question 18

According to the author of your text,which of the following stressors are omitted from the Social Readjustment Scale (Holmes & Rahe,1967)?

Accepted Answer

A) positive life events 
B) stressors such as poverty and racism 
C) stressors relevant to young people 
D) stressors relevant to the aged 
E) negative life events 
A) positive life events 
B) stressors such as poverty and racism 
C) stressors relevant to young people 
D) stressors relevant to the aged 
E) negative life events

Question 19

According to the authors of your text,one reason why self-efficacy increases the likelihood that people will engage in healthier behaviours is that self-efficacy influences

Accepted Answer

A) the resolution of cognitive dissonance. 
B) their attributions in a positive way. 
C) the number of people with whom we associate. 
D) their persistence and effort. 
E) the type of people with whom we associate. 
A) the resolution of cognitive dissonance. 
B) their attributions in a positive way. 
C) the number of people with whom we associate. 
D) their persistence and effort. 
E) the type of people with whom we associate.

Question 20

According to your text,health problems due to unsafe sex,drinking,and smoking are prevalent because they are

Accepted Answer

A) addictive. 
B) pleasurable. 
C) difficult to avoid. 
D) subject to social pressure. 
E) genetic. 
A) addictive. 
B) pleasurable. 
C) difficult to avoid. 
D) subject to social pressure. 
E) genetic.

Unlike perceived control,self-efficacy

Ellen just failed her driving test.She attributed her failure to the fact that her boyfriend gave her a bad cold.What type of attribution is this?

According to stress research pioneer Richard Lazarus (1966,1993),it is _ and not _ stress that causes problems for people.

Shelley Taylor found that those in East Asian collectivistic cultures are likely to seek help from others because.

Consider the findings from the study by Cohen and his colleagues (1991; 1993)on stress and the immune system.On a college campus,when would students be most susceptible to catching a cold?

Four students end up at the academic counseling centre concerned about their poor performance during their first term at university.All of them admit that the first term was difficult.Applying the concept of personal control,who will most probably do better next term?

Although we know that smoking,unsafe sex,and unhealthy eating are bad for us,many Canadians still do these things.Please describe why that is and interventions that use cognitive dissonance processes to address these problems.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

It is ethically impossible to conduct experimental studies of stress and immune responses in humans to determine whether severe stress actually causes susceptibility to health problems.However,Cacioppo and his colleagues (1998)found that _______.

Based on Ellen Langer and Judith Rodin's (1976)study of perceived control in elderly nursing home residents,what would be the best thing for a nursing home administrator to say to residents?

David Spiegel and his colleagues (1989)studied the role of social support among women with breast cancer and discovered that social support

_______ refers to people's belief that they can influence their environment and thus can influence the odds of positive or negative outcomes.

Research by Sastry and Ross (1998)suggests that a sense of control is more valued in ________ cultures.

Describe the gender differences in coping styles.Discuss why such a difference might exist and what the implications are for health.

According to the author of your text,which of the following stressors are omitted from the Social Readjustment Scale (Holmes & Rahe,1967)?

According to the authors of your text,one reason why self-efficacy increases the likelihood that people will engage in healthier behaviours is that self-efficacy influences

According to your text,health problems due to unsafe sex,drinking,and smoking are prevalent because they are

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

The Intersection of Social Psychology and Environmental Issues

Eyewitness Testimony and the Legal System

Filters

Exam 14: Exploring the Concept of Stress: Factors, Correlations, and Implications for Health

Unlike perceived control,self-efficacy

Ellen just failed her driving test.She attributed her failure to the fact that her boyfriend gave her a bad cold.What type of attribution is this?

According to stress research pioneer Richard Lazarus (1966,1993),it is _______ and not _______ stress that causes problems for people.

Shelley Taylor found that those in East Asian collectivistic cultures are ________ likely to seek help from others because________.

Consider the findings from the study by Cohen and his colleagues (1991; 1993)on stress and the immune system.On a college campus,when would students be most susceptible to catching a cold?

Four students end up at the academic counseling centre concerned about their poor performance during their first term at university.All of them admit that the first term was difficult.Applying the concept of personal control,who will most probably do better next term?

Although we know that smoking,unsafe sex,and unhealthy eating are bad for us,many Canadians still do these things.Please describe why that is and interventions that use cognitive dissonance processes to address these problems.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

It is ethically impossible to conduct experimental studies of stress and immune responses in humans to determine whether severe stress actually causes susceptibility to health problems.However,Cacioppo and his colleagues (1998)found that _______.

Based on Ellen Langer and Judith Rodin's (1976)study of perceived control in elderly nursing home residents,what would be the best thing for a nursing home administrator to say to residents?

David Spiegel and his colleagues (1989)studied the role of social support among women with breast cancer and discovered that social support

_______ refers to people's belief that they can influence their environment and thus can influence the odds of positive or negative outcomes.

Research by Sastry and Ross (1998)suggests that a sense of control is more valued in ________ cultures.

Describe the gender differences in coping styles.Discuss why such a difference might exist and what the implications are for health.

According to the author of your text,which of the following stressors are omitted from the Social Readjustment Scale (Holmes & Rahe,1967)?

According to the authors of your text,one reason why self-efficacy increases the likelihood that people will engage in healthier behaviours is that self-efficacy influences

According to your text,health problems due to unsafe sex,drinking,and smoking are prevalent because they are

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

The Intersection of Social Psychology and Environmental Issues

Eyewitness Testimony and the Legal System

Filters

According to stress research pioneer Richard Lazarus (1966,1993),it is _ and not _ stress that causes problems for people.

Shelley Taylor found that those in East Asian collectivistic cultures are likely to seek help from others because.