Exam 14: Exploring the Concept of Stress: Factors, Correlations, and Implications for Health

According to Clark and colleagues (1999),poverty and racism are powerful sources of stress.This suggests one problem with inventories such as the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (Holmes & Rahe,1967); specifically,this scale focuses on

What is the relationship between hardiness,discrimination,and stress as discovered by Dion and colleagues' (1992)research in Toronto's Chinese community?

When people experience upheavals such as the death of a spouse,bankruptcy,or resettling in a new culture,their chance of dying increases.These phenomena suggest a relation between

The concept of _______ refers to the ways in which people react to stressful events.

Contrast the assumptions used by Holmes and Rahe (1967)in their Life Stress Inventory with the assumptions used by Richard Lazarus (1966)in his approach to studying stress.

Six months ago,a nursing home started a program in which some residents were allowed to choose their daily activities.All else being equal,which of the following residents is most likely to die sooner?

The authors of your text suggest that many health problems stem from sex,eating,drinking,and smoking behaviours in particular,because these behaviours

Gain frame message is to _______ as loss frame message is to _______.

Alex Rothman and his colleagues (1993; Rothman & Salovey,1997)studied how message framing influences people's health-related behaviours.If you wanted to use results of their experiment to encourage women to have mammograms to detect breast cancer,which of the following messages would you use?

David Spiegel and his colleagues (1989)randomly assigned breast cancer patients either to a series of weekly meetings to discuss their problems and fears or to a control group.Which of the following best reflects the results of their experiment?

The tendency people have to believe that good events are more likely to happen to us than our peers and that bad events are less likely to happen to us than to our peers is called

Hans Selye (1956,1976)originally defined stress as

Based on the conceptualization of stress by Holmes and Rahe (1967),who is most likely to experience stress?

Beth,Diana,Jen,and Lynne just lost the state high school soccer championship game.Beth attributed the loss to a biased referee,Diana attributed the loss to bad weather,Jen attributed the loss to being too slow to compete at that level of competition,and Lynne attributed the loss to an outstanding performance by the other team's goalie.Which player is most likely to become depressed?

In research using the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (Holmes & Rahe,1967),the more life change units respondents report,the greater

Which of the following is a "third variable" explanation for the correlation between life changes and physical health problems?

According to most social psychologists,stress occurs when people

People high in self-efficacy are more persistent and exert more effort at a task.They also experience less anxiety and their immune systems function better.These characteristics of self-efficacy contribute to successful goal attainment.In this sense,self-efficacy is most strongly related to

_______ is a state of pessimism that results when people think their negative outcomes are due to stable,internal,and global factors.

Describe what kinds of attributions are associated with the development of learned helplessness.