Exam 2: Research Methods

Professor Johnson wants to determine if eating chocolate prior to taking a test has a positive impact on his students' test performance.He asks for volunteers from his classes to test his hypothesis.At the end of the term,the professor concludes that the students who ate the chocolate before the exams did better.Unfortunately for the professor,because he did not use __________ prior to his study,it is not considered a true experiment.

John initially believed that staying up all night had led to him failing his psychology final.After seeing his "A," he told his roommate that passing the final had been the only thing on his mind.John is clearly displaying the __________ bias.

Authorities have noted that there is an increased number of teen pregnancies among high schools that offer day care to their students.We can draw which of the following conclusions?

How does conducting a double-blind study attempt to remedy the experimenter bias effect?

Sue asked three of her friends after class if they thought the test they just finished taking was as easy as she thought it was.They all agreed that it was.She was surprised to find out the next day that although she and her friends had indeed done well,a majority of the class had failed.Why shouldn't Sue have been surprised?

Numerical characterizations that describe data are known as

When asked if there are more ice cream cones sold in November or July,Mary answers July immediately.She is surprised to find out that there is little to no difference between the two months in terms of ice cream cone sales.Mary's error is most clearly an example of

If I wanted to determine,on average,how far apart any one score is from another,I should use a measure of

The discussion on the topic of facilitated communication demonstrated the importance of

Even if you obtained a perfect positive correlation of r = 1.0 between smoking and lung cancer,you could still NOT say that smoking __________ cancer.

Dr.Wilkins randomly assigns subjects to one of three groups.He is interested in the effects of caffeine on anxiety levels.He gives subjects in the first group an extra two cups of coffee a day for six months.The second group receives an extra two cups of decaffeinated coffee a day for the same time period,while the control group is not given either regular or decaffeinated coffee.By providing one group with decaffeinated coffee,Dr.Wilkins is trying to account for which potential element of the experiment?

Although Professor Smith went to great lengths to conduct a study using naturalistic observation and has confidence in his findings,he should be most concerned with which limitation of this research technique?

A mechanism by which experts in a field carefully screen the work of their colleagues is known as

Which of these is NOT part of the APA ethical principles for human research?

Statistical significance implies that the results are

Dr.Fitness has just completed an experiment involving three different exercise routines and their possible impact on the percentage of body fat in his subjects.One routine contains high-intensity cardiovascular training,one routine involves primarily strength training,and the third involves a combination of both cardio and strength training.After identifying the independent and dependent variables,discuss why Dr.Fitness chose FOUR different groups for his experiment,and briefly describe what each group is likely to be exposed to.

Sigmund Freud has long been criticized for developing many of his theories based on information collected primarily from his patients' case histories or case studies.Why are the criticisms justified?

The variable that an experimenter assesses or measures is called the

Jerome was uncertain of the correctness of his answers to many of the questions on his General Psychology exam.After seeing his score,an A,he subsequently told his friends about how he knew he aced the exam as soon as he had taken it.This demonstrates the influence of ________ on our judgments.

The purpose of a peer reviewer is to act as