Question 1

The etiology of a disorder refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the proportion of the population affected by the disorder at any one time. 
B)  the number of new cases of a disorder, per 100,000 people per year. 
C)  the factors that maintain a disorder. 
D)  the causes or origins of a disorder. 
E)  the predicted path that people diagnosed with a disorder usually follow. 
A)  the proportion of the population affected by the disorder at any one time. 
B)  the number of new cases of a disorder, per 100,000 people per year. 
C)  the factors that maintain a disorder. 
D)  the causes or origins of a disorder. 
E)  the predicted path that people diagnosed with a disorder usually follow. D

Question 2

Clark and Beck (2010) have modified Aaron Beck's cognitive formulation of depression and anxiety to include neurobiological correlates of cognitive therapy (CT): as CT modifies maladaptive cognitive processes, imaging studies show that these changes are accompanied by

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced activation of subcortical regions and increased activation of cortical regions involved in cognitive control of emotion and reflective processes. 
B)  reduced activation of cortical regions involved in excessive thinking, with increased activation in subcortical regions involved in the relaxation response. 
C)  increased activation in interactive cortical and subcortical regions where emotional processing takes place. 
D)  reduced activity in the left parietal lobe which has been associated with hyper- focusing and the anxio-depressogenic response complex. 
E)  increased activity in the left parietal lobe, which has been associated with adaptive judgment and appropriate emotional responses. 
A)  reduced activation of subcortical regions and increased activation of cortical regions involved in cognitive control of emotion and reflective processes. 
B)  reduced activation of cortical regions involved in excessive thinking, with increased activation in subcortical regions involved in the relaxation response. 
C)  increased activation in interactive cortical and subcortical regions where emotional processing takes place. 
D)  reduced activity in the left parietal lobe which has been associated with hyper- focusing and the anxio-depressogenic response complex. 
E)  increased activity in the left parietal lobe, which has been associated with adaptive judgment and appropriate emotional responses. A

Question 3

According to Carl Rogers, abnormal behaviour results from

Accepted Answer

A)  a person's distorted view of other people. 
B)  a person's distorted need for self-fulfillment. 
C)  a person's distorted view of the world. 
D)  a person's distorted fear of death. 
E)  a person's distorted view of himself or herself. 
A)  a person's distorted view of other people. 
B)  a person's distorted need for self-fulfillment. 
C)  a person's distorted view of the world. 
D)  a person's distorted fear of death. 
E)  a person's distorted view of himself or herself. E

Question 4

Which of the following is true of the latency stage of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because sex is especially relevant during this stage, it has received a great deal of attention from psychoanalysts. 
B)  It is a relatively quiescent stage. 
C)  It spans the age range from approximately 3 to 6 years. 
D)  Children in this stage typically associate with other children of the opposite sex. 
E)  Children in this stage develop their toilet training skills. 
A)  Because sex is especially relevant during this stage, it has received a great deal of attention from psychoanalysts. 
B)  It is a relatively quiescent stage. 
C)  It spans the age range from approximately 3 to 6 years. 
D)  Children in this stage typically associate with other children of the opposite sex. 
E)  Children in this stage develop their toilet training skills.

Question 5

Classical conditioning accounts of phobias

Accepted Answer

A)  were strongly supported by B.F. Skinner. 
B)  were first described by Freud. 
C)  remain popular to this day. 
D)  cannot explain many facets of phobias. 
E)  help explain why certain fears persist. 
A)  were strongly supported by B.F. Skinner. 
B)  were first described by Freud. 
C)  remain popular to this day. 
D)  cannot explain many facets of phobias. 
E)  help explain why certain fears persist.

Question 6

With respect to gender differences in the diagnosis of personality disorders, Pantony and Caplan (1991) point out that

Accepted Answer

A)  men and women are equally likely to be diagnosed with dependent personality disorder. 
B)  men and women are equally likely to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. 
C)  men are more likely to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder and women are more likely to be diagnosed with dependent personality disorder. 
D)  gender does not appear to play role in the development or diagnosis of any particular personality disorder. 
E)  men are more likely to be diagnosed with dependent personality and women more likely to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. 
A)  men and women are equally likely to be diagnosed with dependent personality disorder. 
B)  men and women are equally likely to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. 
C)  men are more likely to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder and women are more likely to be diagnosed with dependent personality disorder. 
D)  gender does not appear to play role in the development or diagnosis of any particular personality disorder. 
E)  men are more likely to be diagnosed with dependent personality and women more likely to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.

Question 7

Recall the way classical conditioning applies to Pavlov's dogs and to Little Albert's conditioned fear of white rats. Which of the following analogies are correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Food is to bell as sudden loud noise is to little white rat 
B)  Food is to bell as sudden loud noise is to fear / distress response 
C)  Food is to salivation as white rat is to fear / distress response 
D)  Food is to salivation as sudden loud noise is to playful response 
E)  Bell is to salivation as white rat is to playful response 
A)  Food is to bell as sudden loud noise is to little white rat 
B)  Food is to bell as sudden loud noise is to fear / distress response 
C)  Food is to salivation as white rat is to fear / distress response 
D)  Food is to salivation as sudden loud noise is to playful response 
E)  Bell is to salivation as white rat is to playful response

Question 8

A theory of abnormal behaviour

Accepted Answer

A)  should only consider biological factors. 
B)  should be abandoned when shown to be incorrect, regardless of whether there is a better one available. 
C)  should not be considered useful if it has been shown to be incorrect, even if it generates further research. 
D)  should be judged solely on how well it matches current information. 
E)  should be abandoned only when there is a better one available. 
A)  should only consider biological factors. 
B)  should be abandoned when shown to be incorrect, regardless of whether there is a better one available. 
C)  should not be considered useful if it has been shown to be incorrect, even if it generates further research. 
D)  should be judged solely on how well it matches current information. 
E)  should be abandoned only when there is a better one available.

Question 9

The superego

Accepted Answer

A)  develops to curb the desires of the id so that the individual does not suffer any unpleasant consequences. 
B)  acts according to the reality principles. 
C)  is the internalization of the moral standards of our society. 
D)  operates by "secondary process thinking". 
E)  represents biological or instinctual drives. 
A)  develops to curb the desires of the id so that the individual does not suffer any unpleasant consequences. 
B)  acts according to the reality principles. 
C)  is the internalization of the moral standards of our society. 
D)  operates by "secondary process thinking". 
E)  represents biological or instinctual drives.

Question 10

Freud's concept of the Oedipal complex is based upon a play by the Greek tragedian, Sophocles. In this play, the character Oedipus

Accepted Answer

A)  kills his father and marries his mother. 
B)  kills his brother and marries his mother. 
C)  kills his mother and marries his sister. 
D)  kills his brother and marries his sister. 
E)  kills his father and marries his sister. 
A)  kills his father and marries his mother. 
B)  kills his brother and marries his mother. 
C)  kills his mother and marries his sister. 
D)  kills his brother and marries his sister. 
E)  kills his father and marries his sister.

Question 11

Briefly describe 4 ways in which abnormal behaviour can result from disturbances in neurotransmitter systems.

Accepted Answer

1. There may be too much or to

Question 12

Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypoglycemia, a disorder known to be related to a defective thyroid gland, results in a variety of psychiatric symptoms including anxiety and depression. 
B)  Cretinism, a disorder known to be related to the failure of the pancreas to produce balanced levels of insulin or glycogen, produces experiences that mimic anxiety. 
C)  Cretinism, a disorder known to be related to a defective thyroid gland, results in a variety of psychiatric symptoms including anxiety and depression. 
D)  Hypoglycemia, a disorder known to be related to a defective thyroid gland, results in a dwarflike appearance and mental retardation. 
E)  Cretinism, a disorder known to be related to a defective thyroid gland, results in a dwarflike appearance and mental retardation. 
A)  Hypoglycemia, a disorder known to be related to a defective thyroid gland, results in a variety of psychiatric symptoms including anxiety and depression. 
B)  Cretinism, a disorder known to be related to the failure of the pancreas to produce balanced levels of insulin or glycogen, produces experiences that mimic anxiety. 
C)  Cretinism, a disorder known to be related to a defective thyroid gland, results in a variety of psychiatric symptoms including anxiety and depression. 
D)  Hypoglycemia, a disorder known to be related to a defective thyroid gland, results in a dwarflike appearance and mental retardation. 
E)  Cretinism, a disorder known to be related to a defective thyroid gland, results in a dwarflike appearance and mental retardation.

Question 13

Describe the biopsychosocial model - briefly contrasting it with the diathesis-stress model. More importantly, what are the factors in the biopsychosocial model that interact to determine human behaviour? What does it mean to say that they are dynamically and reciprocally interacting? Illustrate this with an example of a process that begins in infancy but where disorder is not apparent until adolescence or later. Use the example of Hailey at the beginning of the chapter if you wish.

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress model is compatible

Question 14

According to learning paradigms, which one of the following is not a pathway by which phobias develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  direct observation (watching others' fearful reaction). 
C)  information transmission (from books, movies, television). 
D)  operant conditioning. 
E)  passive conditioning 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  direct observation (watching others' fearful reaction). 
C)  information transmission (from books, movies, television). 
D)  operant conditioning. 
E)  passive conditioning

Question 15

Which integrative theory posits that the whole is more than the sum of its parts?

Accepted Answer

A)  the diathesis-stress perspective 
B)  systems theory 
C)  the combination approach 
D)  the biopsychosocial model 
E)  social-learning theory 
A)  the diathesis-stress perspective 
B)  systems theory 
C)  the combination approach 
D)  the biopsychosocial model 
E)  social-learning theory

Question 16

Describe mindfulness as a form of clinical intervention. Describe the components and processes of mindfulness as well as some types of mindfulness-based interventions. Identify some mental health problems that it has been shown to be effective in treating. Using information from the chapter, state one possible mechanism by which mindfulness could be helpful in treating these problems.

Accepted Answer

Mindfulness is defined as the awareness

Question 17

The hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

A)  secretes "releasing" hormones that activate the pituitary gland. 
B)  is activated by neurotransmitters released by the pituitary gland. 
C)  is often called the "master gland". 
D)  directly releases prolactin and adrenocorticotrophic hormone into the body. 
E)  releases sex hormones in response to signals from the pituitary gland. 
A)  secretes "releasing" hormones that activate the pituitary gland. 
B)  is activated by neurotransmitters released by the pituitary gland. 
C)  is often called the "master gland". 
D)  directly releases prolactin and adrenocorticotrophic hormone into the body. 
E)  releases sex hormones in response to signals from the pituitary gland.

Question 18

Which of the following has been proposed as the likely mechanism underlying mindfulness-based interventions?

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in cognitive and emotional reactivity. 
B)  changes in behavioural and emotional reactivity. 
C)  changes in interoceptive reactivity. 
D)  changes in compassion for other people 
E)  changes in appraisals of one's physiological processes. 
A)  changes in cognitive and emotional reactivity. 
B)  changes in behavioural and emotional reactivity. 
C)  changes in interoceptive reactivity. 
D)  changes in compassion for other people 
E)  changes in appraisals of one's physiological processes.

Question 19

Joe is often characterized as a "chatter box." A Freudian therapist would likely feel that he is fixated at which stage of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  latency stage 
B)  oral stage 
C)  phallic stage 
D)  genital stage 
E)  anal stage 
A)  latency stage 
B)  oral stage 
C)  phallic stage 
D)  genital stage 
E)  anal stage

Question 20

Hans Selye was analyzed by Sigmund Freud for a fear of horses. Apparently Freud analyzed this case without ever seeing the patient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The etiology of a disorder refers to

Clark and Beck (2010) have modified Aaron Beck's cognitive formulation of depression and anxiety to include neurobiological correlates of cognitive therapy (CT): as CT modifies maladaptive cognitive processes, imaging studies show that these changes are accompanied by

According to Carl Rogers, abnormal behaviour results from

Which of the following is true of the latency stage of development?

Classical conditioning accounts of phobias

With respect to gender differences in the diagnosis of personality disorders, Pantony and Caplan (1991) point out that

Recall the way classical conditioning applies to Pavlov's dogs and to Little Albert's conditioned fear of white rats. Which of the following analogies are correct?

A theory of abnormal behaviour

The superego

Freud's concept of the Oedipal complex is based upon a play by the Greek tragedian, Sophocles. In this play, the character Oedipus

Briefly describe 4 ways in which abnormal behaviour can result from disturbances in neurotransmitter systems.

Which of the following statements is correct?

According to learning paradigms, which one of the following is not a pathway by which phobias develop?

Which integrative theory posits that the whole is more than the sum of its parts?

The hypothalamus

Which of the following has been proposed as the likely mechanism underlying mindfulness-based interventions?

Joe is often characterized as a "chatter box." A Freudian therapist would likely feel that he is fixated at which stage of development?

Hans Selye was analyzed by Sigmund Freud for a fear of horses. Apparently Freud analyzed this case without ever seeing the patient.

Concepts of Abnormality Throughout History

Classification and Diagnosis

Psychological Assessment and Research Methods

Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Trauma -Related Disorders

Dissociative Disorder and Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Eating Disorders

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

The Personality Disorders

Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Behaviour and Emotional Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

Aging and Mental Health

Therapies

Prevention and Mental Health Promotion in the Community

Mental Disorder and the Law

Filters

Exam 2: Theoretical Perspectives on Abnormal Behaviour

The etiology of a disorder refers to

Clark and Beck (2010) have modified Aaron Beck's cognitive formulation of depression and anxiety to include neurobiological correlates of cognitive therapy (CT): as CT modifies maladaptive cognitive processes, imaging studies show that these changes are accompanied by

According to Carl Rogers, abnormal behaviour results from

Which of the following is true of the latency stage of development?

Classical conditioning accounts of phobias

With respect to gender differences in the diagnosis of personality disorders, Pantony and Caplan (1991) point out that

Recall the way classical conditioning applies to Pavlov's dogs and to Little Albert's conditioned fear of white rats. Which of the following analogies are correct?

A theory of abnormal behaviour

The superego

Freud's concept of the Oedipal complex is based upon a play by the Greek tragedian, Sophocles. In this play, the character Oedipus

Briefly describe 4 ways in which abnormal behaviour can result from disturbances in neurotransmitter systems.

Which of the following statements is correct?

According to learning paradigms, which one of the following is not a pathway by which phobias develop?

Which integrative theory posits that the whole is more than the sum of its parts?

The hypothalamus

Which of the following has been proposed as the likely mechanism underlying mindfulness-based interventions?

Joe is often characterized as a "chatter box." A Freudian therapist would likely feel that he is fixated at which stage of development?

Hans Selye was analyzed by Sigmund Freud for a fear of horses. Apparently Freud analyzed this case without ever seeing the patient.

Concepts of Abnormality Throughout History

Classification and Diagnosis

Psychological Assessment and Research Methods

Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Trauma -Related Disorders

Dissociative Disorder and Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Eating Disorders

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

The Personality Disorders

Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Behaviour and Emotional Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

Aging and Mental Health

Therapies

Prevention and Mental Health Promotion in the Community

Mental Disorder and the Law

Filters