Question 1

Messner and Rosenfeld's theory of institutional anomie argues that the "American Dream" encourages crime as a method of achieving culturally approved goals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

According to Durkheim,which of the following is essential to stable societies?

Accepted Answer

A)  heterogeneity 
B)  increased division of labour 
C)  social cohesion 
D)  strong political leadership 
A)  heterogeneity 
B)  increased division of labour 
C)  social cohesion 
D)  strong political leadership C

Question 3

Braithwaite argues that crime is most likely when exposure to illegitimate opportunities is high and exposure to legitimate opportunities is low.Based on this argument,which of the following initiatives would help to reduce crime in a low-income neighbourhood?

Accepted Answer

A)  job creation for young people 
B)  an increase in community beautification projects 
C)  an increase in the number of police officers 
D)  amalgamating schools 
A)  job creation for young people 
B)  an increase in community beautification projects 
C)  an increase in the number of police officers 
D)  amalgamating schools A

Question 4

The values most predominant in a country with regard to material wealth appear to impact crime rates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Values impact likelihood of engaging in criminal behaviour more significantly than race and social class.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The concept of anomie is central to the theories of which of these social scientists?

Accepted Answer

A)  Durkheim 
B)  Kobrin 
C)  Cloward 
D)  Weber 
A)  Durkheim 
B)  Kobrin 
C)  Cloward 
D)  Weber

Question 7

Which of the following terms refer to the patterned and relatively stable arrangement of roles and statuses found within societies and social institutions?

Accepted Answer

A)  middle-class measuring rod 
B)  diffusion of responsibility 
C)  social structure 
D)  culturally prescribed aspirations 
A)  middle-class measuring rod 
B)  diffusion of responsibility 
C)  social structure 
D)  culturally prescribed aspirations

Question 8

Based upon Hackler's depiction of a morality curve,the textbook suggests that we must overlook frequent acts of unethical behaviour in commercial activities and instead focus on serious crimes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

According to Messner and Rosenfeld's institutional-anomie theory,which institution dominates all others in America?

Accepted Answer

A)  the family 
B)  the economy 
C)  religion 
D)  education 
A)  the family 
B)  the economy 
C)  religion 
D)  education

Question 10

According to the consensus perspective,the vast majority of a society's population shares similar values regarding right and wrong.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

For Messner and Rosenfeld,which of the following is not only intrinsic to the American Dream,but also a principal reason behind crime in that country?

Accepted Answer

A)  easily accessible fame and notoriety 
B)  individual achievement 
C)  equal opportunity for all,regardless of status 
D)  weak restraints on the means to achieve material success 
A)  easily accessible fame and notoriety 
B)  individual achievement 
C)  equal opportunity for all,regardless of status 
D)  weak restraints on the means to achieve material success

Question 12

According to Braithwaite,belonging to the lower class has more effect on delinquency for youth in lower-class areas than for youth in middle-class areas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

According toChapter 10,how is corporate crime in North America addressed?

Accepted Answer

A)  people in positions of power are not punished in the same way as others 
B)  most offenders receive lengthy prison sentences in Canada 
C)  there are no cases available to study as of yet 
D)  enforcement is sporadic given the lack of clear laws to follow 
A)  people in positions of power are not punished in the same way as others 
B)  most offenders receive lengthy prison sentences in Canada 
C)  there are no cases available to study as of yet 
D)  enforcement is sporadic given the lack of clear laws to follow

Question 14

Which of the following is a key characteristic of Messner and Rosenfeld's institutional-anomie theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  The American Dream emphasizes monetary success,and the poor are disproportionately susceptible to the draw of wealth they cannot easily achieve. 
B)  Only those who grow up wealthy are exposed to the ideal of the American Dream and this leads to higher amounts of white-collar crime. 
C)  The economy is largely misunderstood by those who hold the most power. 
D)  The splitting of production from finance in large corporations distances shareholders from the daily operation of the company. 
A)  The American Dream emphasizes monetary success,and the poor are disproportionately susceptible to the draw of wealth they cannot easily achieve. 
B)  Only those who grow up wealthy are exposed to the ideal of the American Dream and this leads to higher amounts of white-collar crime. 
C)  The economy is largely misunderstood by those who hold the most power. 
D)  The splitting of production from finance in large corporations distances shareholders from the daily operation of the company.

Question 15

According to Messner and Rosenfeld,which of the following defines the American Dream?

Accepted Answer

A)  individual achievement 
B)  material success 
C)  devoutness 
D)  wisdom 
A)  individual achievement 
B)  material success 
C)  devoutness 
D)  wisdom

Question 16

Which of the following is an assumption underlying the consensus perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  few people share similar values 
B)  morality is universal 
C)  the law represents a diffusion of societal values 
D)  criminal law reflects the interests of powerful groups that create and enforce laws 
A)  few people share similar values 
B)  morality is universal 
C)  the law represents a diffusion of societal values 
D)  criminal law reflects the interests of powerful groups that create and enforce laws

Question 17

Strain is more likely to lead to delinquency if certain conditions are present.Which of the following is one of these conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  The strains are low in magnitude. 
B)  The strains are unjust. 
C)  The strains are linked to high perceived social control. 
D)  The strains lead to unprofitable crimes. 
A)  The strains are low in magnitude. 
B)  The strains are unjust. 
C)  The strains are linked to high perceived social control. 
D)  The strains lead to unprofitable crimes.

Question 18

According to Cloward and Ohlin,what did Merton's theory fail to take into account?

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural perceptions of goals 
B)  cultural perceptions of means 
C)  differential legitimate goals 
D)  differential opportunities 
A)  cultural perceptions of goals 
B)  cultural perceptions of means 
C)  differential legitimate goals 
D)  differential opportunities

Question 19

According to Cloward and Ohlin,which of the following adaptations has the fewest barriers to entry for working-class youths?

Accepted Answer

A)  the passivist subculture 
B)  the criminal subculture 
C)  the retreatist subculture 
D)  the conflict subculture 
A)  the passivist subculture 
B)  the criminal subculture 
C)  the retreatist subculture 
D)  the conflict subculture

Question 20

According toChapter 10,what is one of the reasons that Japan has a lower rate of corporate crime compared to North America?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Japanese do not use the free market system. 
B)  The family appears to rank higher on the hierarchy of institutions compared to economics. 
C)  Corporate crime is an executable offence. 
D)  There is little strain or anomie in Japanese culture. 
A)  The Japanese do not use the free market system. 
B)  The family appears to rank higher on the hierarchy of institutions compared to economics. 
C)  Corporate crime is an executable offence. 
D)  There is little strain or anomie in Japanese culture.

Messner and Rosenfeld's theory of institutional anomie argues that the "American Dream" encourages crime as a method of achieving culturally approved goals.

According to Durkheim,which of the following is essential to stable societies?

Braithwaite argues that crime is most likely when exposure to illegitimate opportunities is high and exposure to legitimate opportunities is low.Based on this argument,which of the following initiatives would help to reduce crime in a low-income neighbourhood?

The values most predominant in a country with regard to material wealth appear to impact crime rates.

Values impact likelihood of engaging in criminal behaviour more significantly than race and social class.

The concept of anomie is central to the theories of which of these social scientists?

Which of the following terms refer to the patterned and relatively stable arrangement of roles and statuses found within societies and social institutions?

Based upon Hackler's depiction of a morality curve,the textbook suggests that we must overlook frequent acts of unethical behaviour in commercial activities and instead focus on serious crimes.

According to Messner and Rosenfeld's institutional-anomie theory,which institution dominates all others in America?

According to the consensus perspective,the vast majority of a society's population shares similar values regarding right and wrong.

For Messner and Rosenfeld,which of the following is not only intrinsic to the American Dream,but also a principal reason behind crime in that country?

According to Braithwaite,belonging to the lower class has more effect on delinquency for youth in lower-class areas than for youth in middle-class areas.

According toChapter 10,how is corporate crime in North America addressed?

Which of the following is a key characteristic of Messner and Rosenfeld's institutional-anomie theory?

According to Messner and Rosenfeld,which of the following defines the American Dream?

Which of the following is an assumption underlying the consensus perspective?

Strain is more likely to lead to delinquency if certain conditions are present.Which of the following is one of these conditions?

According to Cloward and Ohlin,what did Merton's theory fail to take into account?

According to Cloward and Ohlin,which of the following adaptations has the fewest barriers to entry for working-class youths?

According toChapter 10,what is one of the reasons that Japan has a lower rate of corporate crime compared to North America?

Crime,criminals,and Criminology

The Social Context of Dispute Settlement and the Rise of Law

Criminal Law

Counting Crime

Correlates of Criminal Behaviour

Feminism and Criminology

Victimology,victim Services,and Victim Rights in Canada

Early Theories of Criminology

Psychological Perspectives on Criminality

Conflict Theories

Critical Criminology in Canada

Interactionist Theories

Social Control Theory

Deterrence,routine Activity,and Rational Choice Theories

Organized Crime

Corporate and White-Collar Crime

Cybercrime and Cyberdeviance

Filters

Exam 10: Strain Theories

Messner and Rosenfeld's theory of institutional anomie argues that the "American Dream" encourages crime as a method of achieving culturally approved goals.

According to Durkheim,which of the following is essential to stable societies?

Braithwaite argues that crime is most likely when exposure to illegitimate opportunities is high and exposure to legitimate opportunities is low.Based on this argument,which of the following initiatives would help to reduce crime in a low-income neighbourhood?

The values most predominant in a country with regard to material wealth appear to impact crime rates.

Values impact likelihood of engaging in criminal behaviour more significantly than race and social class.

The concept of anomie is central to the theories of which of these social scientists?

Which of the following terms refer to the patterned and relatively stable arrangement of roles and statuses found within societies and social institutions?

Based upon Hackler's depiction of a morality curve,the textbook suggests that we must overlook frequent acts of unethical behaviour in commercial activities and instead focus on serious crimes.

According to Messner and Rosenfeld's institutional-anomie theory,which institution dominates all others in America?

According to the consensus perspective,the vast majority of a society's population shares similar values regarding right and wrong.

For Messner and Rosenfeld,which of the following is not only intrinsic to the American Dream,but also a principal reason behind crime in that country?

According to Braithwaite,belonging to the lower class has more effect on delinquency for youth in lower-class areas than for youth in middle-class areas.

According toChapter 10,how is corporate crime in North America addressed?

Which of the following is a key characteristic of Messner and Rosenfeld's institutional-anomie theory?

According to Messner and Rosenfeld,which of the following defines the American Dream?

Which of the following is an assumption underlying the consensus perspective?

Strain is more likely to lead to delinquency if certain conditions are present.Which of the following is one of these conditions?

According to Cloward and Ohlin,what did Merton's theory fail to take into account?

According to Cloward and Ohlin,which of the following adaptations has the fewest barriers to entry for working-class youths?

According toChapter 10,what is one of the reasons that Japan has a lower rate of corporate crime compared to North America?

Crime,criminals,and Criminology

The Social Context of Dispute Settlement and the Rise of Law

Criminal Law

Counting Crime

Correlates of Criminal Behaviour

Feminism and Criminology

Victimology,victim Services,and Victim Rights in Canada

Early Theories of Criminology

Psychological Perspectives on Criminality

Conflict Theories

Critical Criminology in Canada

Interactionist Theories

Social Control Theory

Deterrence,routine Activity,and Rational Choice Theories

Organized Crime

Corporate and White-Collar Crime

Cybercrime and Cyberdeviance

Filters