Question 1

According to probability theory which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) 68% of the samples will fall within about plus or minus one standard error of the population parameter 
B) 95% of the samples will fall within about plus or minus two standard errors of the true value 
C) 99.9% of the samples will fall within about plus or minus three standard errors of the parameter 
D) 34% of the samples will fall within about plus or minus one standard error of the parameter 
E) 75% of the samples will fall within about plus or minus one standard error of the population parameter 
A) 68% of the samples will fall within about plus or minus one standard error of the population parameter 
B) 95% of the samples will fall within about plus or minus two standard errors of the true value 
C) 99.9% of the samples will fall within about plus or minus three standard errors of the parameter 
D) 34% of the samples will fall within about plus or minus one standard error of the parameter 
E) 75% of the samples will fall within about plus or minus one standard error of the population parameter D

Question 2

After taking a random start between 1 and 20 and then taking every 20th element from the sampling frame,Smith learned that 40% of the sample believed the company's president was doing a good job.The calculated standard error was 3 percent.This means that:

Accepted Answer

A) between 37% and 43% of the employees believe the president is doing a good job 
B) you are 95% certain that between 37% and 43% of the employees believe the president is doing a good job 
C) you are 68% certain that between 37% and 43% of the employees believe the president is doing a good job 
D) you are 99% certain that between 37% and 43% of the employees believe the president is doing a good job 
E) none of these choices are correct 
A) between 37% and 43% of the employees believe the president is doing a good job 
B) you are 95% certain that between 37% and 43% of the employees believe the president is doing a good job 
C) you are 68% certain that between 37% and 43% of the employees believe the president is doing a good job 
D) you are 99% certain that between 37% and 43% of the employees believe the president is doing a good job 
E) none of these choices are correct C

Question 3

A confidence interval at the 68% confidence level will be larger than one constructed at the 95% confidence level.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Professor Hall was planning to do a field study of hitchhikers.Hall wanted to be sure that persons representing all different age,racial,and sex categories were included in the sample of hitchhikers.What kind of sampling scheme would you recommend?

Accepted Answer

A) Deviant cases 
B) Quota sampling 
C) Stratified sampling 
D) Snowball sampling 
E) Cluster sampling 
A) Deviant cases 
B) Quota sampling 
C) Stratified sampling 
D) Snowball sampling 
E) Cluster sampling

Question 5

Stratifying a population prior to drawing a sample:

Accepted Answer

A) generally occurs when the variables used to stratify are known to be associated with the dependent variable 
B) eliminates the need for simple random sampling 
C) is most useful for studying a homogeneous population 
D) eliminates the need for probability sampling 
E) is an alternative systematic sampling 
A) generally occurs when the variables used to stratify are known to be associated with the dependent variable 
B) eliminates the need for simple random sampling 
C) is most useful for studying a homogeneous population 
D) eliminates the need for probability sampling 
E) is an alternative systematic sampling

Question 6

Stratification represents a modification to rather than an alternative to simple random sampling and systematic sampling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The chief aim of probability sampling is to be able to select:

Accepted Answer

A) simple random samples 
B) a sample whose statistics will accurately portray an unknown population parameter 
C) a sample whose parameters will accurately portray an unknown population statistic 
D) a sample whose statistics will accurately portray a known population parameter 
E) a sample whose unknown statistics will accurately portray a known parameter 
A) simple random samples 
B) a sample whose statistics will accurately portray an unknown population parameter 
C) a sample whose parameters will accurately portray an unknown population statistic 
D) a sample whose statistics will accurately portray a known population parameter 
E) a sample whose unknown statistics will accurately portray a known parameter

Question 8

Statistical computations assume that you have done:

Accepted Answer

A) simple random sampling 
B) systematic sampling 
C) cluster sampling 
D) stratified sampling 
E) any one of these choices are assumed in statistical computations 
A) simple random sampling 
B) systematic sampling 
C) cluster sampling 
D) stratified sampling 
E) any one of these choices are assumed in statistical computations

Question 9

Field researchers are often interested in studying deviant cases in order to improve their understanding of the more typical pattern.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

You are doing research on hospital personnel-orderlies,technicians,nurses,and doctors.You want to be sure you draw a sample that has cases in each of the personnel categories.You want to use probability sampling.An appropriate strategy would be:

Accepted Answer

A) simple random sampling 
B) quota sampling 
C) cluster sampling 
D) stratified sampling 
E) accidental sampling 
A) simple random sampling 
B) quota sampling 
C) cluster sampling 
D) stratified sampling 
E) accidental sampling

Question 11

Nonprobability sampling:

Accepted Answer

A) always produces samples that possess distorted characteristics relative to the population 
B) denies the researcher the use of statistical theory to estimate the probability of correct inferences 
C) should never be used under any circumstances 
D) includes stratified sampling 
E) requires the use of sampling frames 
A) always produces samples that possess distorted characteristics relative to the population 
B) denies the researcher the use of statistical theory to estimate the probability of correct inferences 
C) should never be used under any circumstances 
D) includes stratified sampling 
E) requires the use of sampling frames

Question 12

The unit about which information is collected and that provides the basis of analysis is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) universe 
B) sampling unit 
C) statistic 
D) sampling frame 
E) element 
A) universe 
B) sampling unit 
C) statistic 
D) sampling frame 
E) element

Question 13

If possible,always sampling from the entire general population is preferable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Every kth element in a list is chosen for inclusion in the sample in:

Accepted Answer

A) simple random sampling 
B) systematic sampling 
C) disproportionate sampling 
D) cluster sampling 
E) stratified sampling 
A) simple random sampling 
B) systematic sampling 
C) disproportionate sampling 
D) cluster sampling 
E) stratified sampling

Question 15

Sampling error is reduced through an increase in the sample size and an increased homogeneity of the elements being sampled.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

If a field researcher wanted to learn a political organization's pattern of recruitment over time,the researcher might begin by interviewing a fairly recent recruit and ask who introduced that person to the organization.Then the researcher might interview the person named and ask who introduced that person to the political organization.This would be an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) snowball sampling 
B) systematic sampling 
C) deviant cases sampling 
D) accidental sampling 
E) quota sampling 
A) snowball sampling 
B) systematic sampling 
C) deviant cases sampling 
D) accidental sampling 
E) quota sampling

Question 17

A study population is:

Accepted Answer

A) the theoretical and hypothetical aggregation of all elements as defined for a given survey 
B) the theoretically specified aggregation of survey elements 
C) that aggregation of elements from which the sample is actually selected 
D) that aggregation or set of elements considered for selection in some stage of sampling 
E) that aggregation of elements from which information is collected 
A) the theoretical and hypothetical aggregation of all elements as defined for a given survey 
B) the theoretically specified aggregation of survey elements 
C) that aggregation of elements from which the sample is actually selected 
D) that aggregation or set of elements considered for selection in some stage of sampling 
E) that aggregation of elements from which information is collected

Question 18

Snowball sampling would be an effective strategy for a researcher to use if a researcher was interested in studying a population of gang members.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

You want to examine the relationship between family size and family cohesion.You use as your sample all the students in your research methods class.What kind of sampling design are you using?

Accepted Answer

A) Simple random sampling 
B) Quota sampling 
C) Cluster sampling 
D) Stratified sampling 
E) Reliance on available subjects 
A) Simple random sampling 
B) Quota sampling 
C) Cluster sampling 
D) Stratified sampling 
E) Reliance on available subjects

Question 20

A disadvantage of stratified sampling is that it:

Accepted Answer

A) denies you the use of probability theory 
B) requires you to have some prior knowledge about the elements in the population prior to drawing the sample 
C) usually increases the standard error 
D) usually requires samples that are larger in size than those required by simple random sampling 
E) none of these choices is a disadvantage of stratified sampling 
A) denies you the use of probability theory 
B) requires you to have some prior knowledge about the elements in the population prior to drawing the sample 
C) usually increases the standard error 
D) usually requires samples that are larger in size than those required by simple random sampling 
E) none of these choices is a disadvantage of stratified sampling

According to probability theory which of the following statements is FALSE?

After taking a random start between 1 and 20 and then taking every 20th element from the sampling frame,Smith learned that 40% of the sample believed the company's president was doing a good job.The calculated standard error was 3 percent.This means that:

A confidence interval at the 68% confidence level will be larger than one constructed at the 95% confidence level.

Professor Hall was planning to do a field study of hitchhikers.Hall wanted to be sure that persons representing all different age,racial,and sex categories were included in the sample of hitchhikers.What kind of sampling scheme would you recommend?

Stratifying a population prior to drawing a sample:

Stratification represents a modification to rather than an alternative to simple random sampling and systematic sampling.

The chief aim of probability sampling is to be able to select:

Statistical computations assume that you have done:

Field researchers are often interested in studying deviant cases in order to improve their understanding of the more typical pattern.

You are doing research on hospital personnel-orderlies,technicians,nurses,and doctors.You want to be sure you draw a sample that has cases in each of the personnel categories.You want to use probability sampling.An appropriate strategy would be:

Nonprobability sampling:

The unit about which information is collected and that provides the basis of analysis is called a(n):

If possible,always sampling from the entire general population is preferable.

Every kth element in a list is chosen for inclusion in the sample in:

Sampling error is reduced through an increase in the sample size and an increased homogeneity of the elements being sampled.

A study population is:

Snowball sampling would be an effective strategy for a researcher to use if a researcher was interested in studying a population of gang members.

You want to examine the relationship between family size and family cohesion.You use as your sample all the students in your research methods class.What kind of sampling design are you using?

A disadvantage of stratified sampling is that it:

Human Inquiry and Science

Paradigms, Theory, and Research

The Ethics and Politics of Social Research

Research Design

Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Measurement

Indexes, Scales, and Typologies

Experiments

Survey Research

Qualitative Field Research

Unobtrusive Research

Evaluation Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Reading and Writing Social Research

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Exam 7: The Logic of Sampling

According to probability theory which of the following statements is FALSE?

After taking a random start between 1 and 20 and then taking every 20th element from the sampling frame,Smith learned that 40% of the sample believed the company's president was doing a good job.The calculated standard error was 3 percent.This means that:

A confidence interval at the 68% confidence level will be larger than one constructed at the 95% confidence level.

Professor Hall was planning to do a field study of hitchhikers.Hall wanted to be sure that persons representing all different age,racial,and sex categories were included in the sample of hitchhikers.What kind of sampling scheme would you recommend?

Stratifying a population prior to drawing a sample:

Stratification represents a modification to rather than an alternative to simple random sampling and systematic sampling.

The chief aim of probability sampling is to be able to select:

Statistical computations assume that you have done:

Field researchers are often interested in studying deviant cases in order to improve their understanding of the more typical pattern.

You are doing research on hospital personnel-orderlies,technicians,nurses,and doctors.You want to be sure you draw a sample that has cases in each of the personnel categories.You want to use probability sampling.An appropriate strategy would be:

Nonprobability sampling:

The unit about which information is collected and that provides the basis of analysis is called a(n):

If possible,always sampling from the entire general population is preferable.

Every kth element in a list is chosen for inclusion in the sample in:

Sampling error is reduced through an increase in the sample size and an increased homogeneity of the elements being sampled.

A study population is:

Snowball sampling would be an effective strategy for a researcher to use if a researcher was interested in studying a population of gang members.

You want to examine the relationship between family size and family cohesion.You use as your sample all the students in your research methods class.What kind of sampling design are you using?

A disadvantage of stratified sampling is that it:

Human Inquiry and Science

Paradigms, Theory, and Research

The Ethics and Politics of Social Research

Research Design

Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Measurement

Indexes, Scales, and Typologies

Experiments

Survey Research

Qualitative Field Research

Unobtrusive Research

Evaluation Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Reading and Writing Social Research

Filters