Question 1

Qualitative explanations tend to be and quantitative explanations tend to be ___ :

Accepted Answer

A) both tend to be idiographic 
B) both tend to be nomothetic 
C) idiographic,nomothetic 
D) nomothetic,idiographic 
E) there is no tendency. 
A) both tend to be idiographic 
B) both tend to be nomothetic 
C) idiographic,nomothetic 
D) nomothetic,idiographic 
E) there is no tendency. C

Question 2

Steve had a hunch that female students were more punctual than males in the classes that he taught.So,he began to keep track for a week in each class,how many male and female students came in after the class was scheduled to begin.His results supported his hypothesis.Steve is using:

Accepted Answer

A) inductive reasoning 
B) qualitative analysis 
C) deductive reasoning 
D) ordinary human inquiry 
E) all of these choices 
A) inductive reasoning 
B) qualitative analysis 
C) deductive reasoning 
D) ordinary human inquiry 
E) all of these choices C

Question 3

Fred's biology teacher told him about the "birds and the bees." By relying on his biology teacher's explanation,Fred relies on ______ as a way of knowing.

Accepted Answer

A) experience 
B) tradition 
C) authority 
D) the misuse of authority 
E) none of the above choices 
A) experience 
B) tradition 
C) authority 
D) the misuse of authority 
E) none of the above choices C

Question 4

A probabilistic explanation takes the form:

Accepted Answer

A) x is always y 
B) x is never y 
C) x tends to be y 
D) x is y if a and b are true 
E) y is always x 
A) x is always y 
B) x is never y 
C) x tends to be y 
D) x is y if a and b are true 
E) y is always x

Question 5

One of your friends scored in the 90s on her last ten exams.Although she has been studying for this exam and feels prepared,she told you,"I know I'm going to flunk this exam.I've been doing too well on exams." Your friend is committing the error of:

Accepted Answer

A) illogical reasoning 
B) theory 
C) inaccurate observation 
D) selective observation 
E) overgeneralization 
A) illogical reasoning 
B) theory 
C) inaccurate observation 
D) selective observation 
E) overgeneralization

Question 6

Idiographic explanations are inductive and nomothetic explanations are deductive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Safeguards against error in social research include:

Accepted Answer

A) making observations more deliberate 
B) replications under slightly varying circumstances 
C) the use of simple and complex measurement devices 
D) totally independent replications by other researchers 
E) all of these choices 
A) making observations more deliberate 
B) replications under slightly varying circumstances 
C) the use of simple and complex measurement devices 
D) totally independent replications by other researchers 
E) all of these choices

Question 8

Social scientific theory addresses:

Accepted Answer

A) what should be 
B) what is 
C) matters of value 
D) what should be and why 
E) what is and why it should be that way 
A) what should be 
B) what is 
C) matters of value 
D) what should be and why 
E) what is and why it should be that way

Question 9

Patterns of cause and effect are probabilistic in nature.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Our attempts to learn about the world we live in come from:

Accepted Answer

A) direct experience 
B) tradition 
C) direct,personal inquiry 
D) authority 
E) all of these choices 
A) direct experience 
B) tradition 
C) direct,personal inquiry 
D) authority 
E) all of these choices

Question 11

A misuse of authority occurs when experts publicly discuss their area of expertise.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The ability to have two different,conflicting ideas in one's mind simultaneously without denying or dismissing either of them is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) nomothetic thinking 
B) tolerance for ambiguity 
C) idiographic thinking 
D) probabilistic thinking 
E) free will 
A) nomothetic thinking 
B) tolerance for ambiguity 
C) idiographic thinking 
D) probabilistic thinking 
E) free will

Question 13

Theory that is logically inconsistent is acceptable as long as it is empirically accurate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In comparison to nonscientific inquiry,scientific inquiry:

Accepted Answer

A) takes special precaution to avoid error 
B) is a semiconscious activity 
C) is an activity where we are less concerned about making mistakes 
D) guards against all errors 
E) none of these choices 
A) takes special precaution to avoid error 
B) is a semiconscious activity 
C) is an activity where we are less concerned about making mistakes 
D) guards against all errors 
E) none of these choices

Question 15

The analysis of deviant cases - cases that do not fit the general pattern - helps guard against:

Accepted Answer

A) illogical reasoning 
B) inaccurate observation 
C) overgeneralization 
D) selective observation 
E) it does not help guard against anything 
A) illogical reasoning 
B) inaccurate observation 
C) overgeneralization 
D) selective observation 
E) it does not help guard against anything

Question 16

Pregnant at age 15,Tammy decided to have her baby.Her parents were upset with her decision and threatened to "cut her off" if she did not complete high school.A difficult pregnancy and embarrassment resulted in Tammy's dropping out of school.After the baby was born her parents said that they would raise the baby but that she would have to leave the house.At age 16 Tammy was on her own and without any money or job market skills.She began to work as a prostitute.This explanation of Tammy's prostitution is:

Accepted Answer

A) idiographic 
B) nomothetic 
C) probabilistic 
D) quantitative 
E) based on agreements 
A) idiographic 
B) nomothetic 
C) probabilistic 
D) quantitative 
E) based on agreements

Question 17

Assume that Professor Rodgers from the previous question had studied only three people aged 65 or older.Suppose he concluded that the average level of happiness increased for people aged 65 and older.Rodgers would be committing:

Accepted Answer

A) the error of overgeneralization 
B) the error of inaccurate observation 
C) the error of illogical reasoning 
D) the error of selective observation 
E) no error 
A) the error of overgeneralization 
B) the error of inaccurate observation 
C) the error of illogical reasoning 
D) the error of selective observation 
E) no error

Question 18

After examining divorce court records,Jenny concludes that Moms are more likely than Dads to obtain custody of their children.This type of statement is:

Accepted Answer

A) nomothetic 
B) idiographic 
C) probabilistic 
D) nomothetic and probabilistic 
E) idiographic and probabilistic 
A) nomothetic 
B) idiographic 
C) probabilistic 
D) nomothetic and probabilistic 
E) idiographic and probabilistic

Question 19

The variable age has the attribute of 18 to 24.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

An independent variable is a:

Accepted Answer

A) theoretical concept 
B) variable influencing other variables 
C) variable influenced by other variables 
D) set of attributes either a variable influencing other variables or a variable influenced by others 
A) theoretical concept 
B) variable influencing other variables 
C) variable influenced by other variables 
D) set of attributes either a variable influencing other variables or a variable influenced by others

Qualitative explanations tend to be and quantitative explanations tend to be ___ :

Steve had a hunch that female students were more punctual than males in the classes that he taught.So,he began to keep track for a week in each class,how many male and female students came in after the class was scheduled to begin.His results supported his hypothesis.Steve is using:

Fred's biology teacher told him about the "birds and the bees." By relying on his biology teacher's explanation,Fred relies on ______ as a way of knowing.

A probabilistic explanation takes the form:

One of your friends scored in the 90s on her last ten exams.Although she has been studying for this exam and feels prepared,she told you,"I know I'm going to flunk this exam.I've been doing too well on exams." Your friend is committing the error of:

Idiographic explanations are inductive and nomothetic explanations are deductive.

Safeguards against error in social research include:

Social scientific theory addresses:

Patterns of cause and effect are probabilistic in nature.

Our attempts to learn about the world we live in come from:

A misuse of authority occurs when experts publicly discuss their area of expertise.

The ability to have two different,conflicting ideas in one's mind simultaneously without denying or dismissing either of them is known as:

Theory that is logically inconsistent is acceptable as long as it is empirically accurate.

In comparison to nonscientific inquiry,scientific inquiry:

The analysis of deviant cases - cases that do not fit the general pattern - helps guard against:

Assume that Professor Rodgers from the previous question had studied only three people aged 65 or older.Suppose he concluded that the average level of happiness increased for people aged 65 and older.Rodgers would be committing:

After examining divorce court records,Jenny concludes that Moms are more likely than Dads to obtain custody of their children.This type of statement is:

The variable age has the attribute of 18 to 24.

An independent variable is a:

Paradigms, Theory, and Research

The Ethics and Politics of Social Research

Research Design

Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Measurement

Indexes, Scales, and Typologies

The Logic of Sampling

Experiments

Survey Research

Qualitative Field Research

Unobtrusive Research

Evaluation Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Reading and Writing Social Research

Filters

Exam 1: Human Inquiry and Science

Qualitative explanations tend to be and quantitative explanations tend to be ___ :

Steve had a hunch that female students were more punctual than males in the classes that he taught.So,he began to keep track for a week in each class,how many male and female students came in after the class was scheduled to begin.His results supported his hypothesis.Steve is using:

Fred's biology teacher told him about the "birds and the bees." By relying on his biology teacher's explanation,Fred relies on ______ as a way of knowing.

A probabilistic explanation takes the form:

One of your friends scored in the 90s on her last ten exams.Although she has been studying for this exam and feels prepared,she told you,"I know I'm going to flunk this exam.I've been doing too well on exams." Your friend is committing the error of:

Idiographic explanations are inductive and nomothetic explanations are deductive.

Safeguards against error in social research include:

Social scientific theory addresses:

Patterns of cause and effect are probabilistic in nature.

Our attempts to learn about the world we live in come from:

A misuse of authority occurs when experts publicly discuss their area of expertise.

The ability to have two different,conflicting ideas in one's mind simultaneously without denying or dismissing either of them is known as:

Theory that is logically inconsistent is acceptable as long as it is empirically accurate.

In comparison to nonscientific inquiry,scientific inquiry:

The analysis of deviant cases - cases that do not fit the general pattern - helps guard against:

Assume that Professor Rodgers from the previous question had studied only three people aged 65 or older.Suppose he concluded that the average level of happiness increased for people aged 65 and older.Rodgers would be committing:

After examining divorce court records,Jenny concludes that Moms are more likely than Dads to obtain custody of their children.This type of statement is:

The variable age has the attribute of 18 to 24.

An independent variable is a:

Paradigms, Theory, and Research

The Ethics and Politics of Social Research

Research Design

Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Measurement

Indexes, Scales, and Typologies

The Logic of Sampling

Experiments

Survey Research

Qualitative Field Research

Unobtrusive Research

Evaluation Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Reading and Writing Social Research

Filters