Exam 10: Modulating Human Aging and Longevity

The possibility for modifying aging is evidenced by the gains in human life expectancy during the past 100 years.

The single most important factor that will limit the usefulness of calorie restriction in humans is:

The life-extending properties of calorie restriction have been effective in virtually all non-genetically altered species studied.

What finding observed in C.elegans and Drosophila undergoing calorie restriction supports the evolutionary and genetic basis of longevity?

Only glucose is used as an energy substrate during exercise.

Large clinical trials conducted thus far have been unable to confirm that supplementing the diet with any single nutrient extends life span.

The training effect and the benefits that come with it can be explained by:

The production of ATP in the absence of oxygen is described as:

The level of calorie restriction must be somewhere between 30% and 40% of ad libitum intake to have an effect on longevity.

Relate the low birth rates seen in economically developed countries to the evolutionary theories you learned about in Chapter 3.

Although we cannot modify aging,we can modify the rate of aging.

Which is of the following is not a principle of biological systems that explains why aging cannot be modified?

Many biogerontologists believe that the investigation of human aging should focus more attention on:

To date,investigations in nonhuman primates have shown that calorie restriction delays age-related disease but does not increase longevity.

The finding that physical activity increases mean life span suggests that it alters only the rate of aging,not longevity.

Briefly explain how the early investigations by C.M.McCay and colleagues demonstrated the problem of selective mortality.

Regular physical activity slows the rate of aging because it helps to preserve the reserve capacity in many physiological systems.

Summarize both the optimistic and the pessimistic views of how a long life will modify one's perception of personal achievement.

Briefly explain what is meant by "compression of morbidity" and describe how it changes the discussion of the issues facing a society with an expanding older population.

Explain how low birth rates and extended longevity may alter society's roles for the young and old.