Question 1

Philosophes helped create which modern discipline?

Accepted Answer

A) English 
B) philosophy 
C) history 
D) math 
E) political science 
A) English 
B) philosophy 
C) history 
D) math 
E) political science C

Question 2

Montesquieu was the first philosophe to address

Accepted Answer

A) the natural rights of men. 
B) the natural rights of women. 
C) the institution of slavery. 
D) the social contract between commoners and kings. 
E) the relationship between people and the Church. 
A) the natural rights of men. 
B) the natural rights of women. 
C) the institution of slavery. 
D) the social contract between commoners and kings. 
E) the relationship between people and the Church. C

Question 3

Methodism became popular by stressing

Accepted Answer

A) that all people were equal in God's eyes. 
B) that the upper classes should abandon all their possessions. 
C) that all land should be equally distributed among the classes. 
D) that all Protestants in England should return to Catholicism. 
E) that all Protestants should leave the Anglican Church. 
A) that all people were equal in God's eyes. 
B) that the upper classes should abandon all their possessions. 
C) that all land should be equally distributed among the classes. 
D) that all Protestants in England should return to Catholicism. 
E) that all Protestants should leave the Anglican Church. A

Question 4

Where did the Enlightenment begin?

Accepted Answer

A) London 
B) Paris 
C) Berlin 
D) Rome 
E) Madrid 
A) London 
B) Paris 
C) Berlin 
D) Rome 
E) Madrid

Question 5

Salons spread enlightenment ideas by

Accepted Answer

A) organizing public lectures. 
B) organizing public concerts. 
C) sending secret messages through elaborate hairstyles. 
D) allowing discussions in private homes without fear of police interference. 
E) inviting the lower classes to private homes to hear political discussions. 
A) organizing public lectures. 
B) organizing public concerts. 
C) sending secret messages through elaborate hairstyles. 
D) allowing discussions in private homes without fear of police interference. 
E) inviting the lower classes to private homes to hear political discussions.

Question 6

Kant believed that individuals understood the universe through

Accepted Answer

A) reason alone. 
B) inborn characteristics. 
C) their unique experiences. 
D) religious premonition. 
E) literature. 
A) reason alone. 
B) inborn characteristics. 
C) their unique experiences. 
D) religious premonition. 
E) literature.

Question 7

What type of government did Montesquieu believe could guarantee both order and freedom?

Accepted Answer

A) constitutionalism 
B) democracy 
C) republicanism 
D) monarchy 
E) despotism 
A) constitutionalism 
B) democracy 
C) republicanism 
D) monarchy 
E) despotism

Question 8

Salons in Paris were hosted mainly by

Accepted Answer

A) priests. 
B) nobles. 
C) women. 
D) university professors. 
E) educated middle-class merchants. 
A) priests. 
B) nobles. 
C) women. 
D) university professors. 
E) educated middle-class merchants.

Question 9

Adam Smith's economic theory of "laissez-faire" called for governments

Accepted Answer

A) to regulate their economies strictly. 
B) to leave individuals alone to choose what is in their best economic interests. 
C) to regulate trade with colonies,yet allow freedom for trade with other European countries. 
D) to regulate strictly only the most profitable trade. 
E) to regulate trade strictly only when threatened by another European country. 
A) to regulate their economies strictly. 
B) to leave individuals alone to choose what is in their best economic interests. 
C) to regulate trade with colonies,yet allow freedom for trade with other European countries. 
D) to regulate strictly only the most profitable trade. 
E) to regulate trade strictly only when threatened by another European country.

Question 10

Which philosophe contributed 5,000 articles to the Encyclopedia,which was an attempt to organize and classify all human knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A) Montesquieu 
B) Rousseau 
C) Voltaire 
D) Locke 
E) Diderot 
A) Montesquieu 
B) Rousseau 
C) Voltaire 
D) Locke 
E) Diderot

Question 11

Joseph II's Serfdom Patent

Accepted Answer

A) was accepted and implemented fully throughout the Austrian Empire. 
B) was only implemented in areas outside the Austrian Empire. 
C) was never implemented in any form throughout the Austrian Empire. 
D) was met with resistance,particularly in the eastern regions of the Austrian Empire. 
E) was only implemented within Hungary. 
A) was accepted and implemented fully throughout the Austrian Empire. 
B) was only implemented in areas outside the Austrian Empire. 
C) was never implemented in any form throughout the Austrian Empire. 
D) was met with resistance,particularly in the eastern regions of the Austrian Empire. 
E) was only implemented within Hungary.

Question 12

What does the textbook identify as a key factor in the development of the concept of public opinion during the late eighteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in the publication of newspapers 
B) the increase in salons throughout France 
C) the publication of scientific tracts from royal societies 
D) the opening of museums in Western Europe 
E) an increase in the number of middle-class men attending universities 
A) an increase in the publication of newspapers 
B) the increase in salons throughout France 
C) the publication of scientific tracts from royal societies 
D) the opening of museums in Western Europe 
E) an increase in the number of middle-class men attending universities

Question 13

One of the main reasons that monarchs instituted educational reforms was to ensure that there were enough

Accepted Answer

A) educated priests. 
B) educated civil servants. 
C) women who received an education. 
D) educated merchants to expand trade. 
E) peasants who could understand their role in society. 
A) educated priests. 
B) educated civil servants. 
C) women who received an education. 
D) educated merchants to expand trade. 
E) peasants who could understand their role in society.

Question 14

What sorts of social and cultural changes,and what new social groups and institutions,allowed the spread of Enlightenment ideas?

Accepted Answer

A strong answer would include
-an explan

Question 15

The strongest signal that the papacy was losing power in Western Europe was

Accepted Answer

A) the expulsion of Jesuits from Catholic countries. 
B) the decision to allow only Protestants to serve parlements in France. 
C) the requirement that all Catholics leave Austria. 
D) the end of the Inquisition in Portugal. 
E) the fact that Louis XV converted to Protestantism when he took the French throne. 
A) the expulsion of Jesuits from Catholic countries. 
B) the decision to allow only Protestants to serve parlements in France. 
C) the requirement that all Catholics leave Austria. 
D) the end of the Inquisition in Portugal. 
E) the fact that Louis XV converted to Protestantism when he took the French throne.

Question 16

In what novel did Rousseau describe his view of an ideal education?

Accepted Answer

A) Sophie 
B) Émile 
C) Candide 
D) Mariamne 
E) Artemire 
A) Sophie 
B) Émile 
C) Candide 
D) Mariamne 
E) Artemire

Question 17

Which philosophe believed that each person was born a tabula rasa,or blank slate?

Accepted Answer

A) Voltaire 
B) Hume 
C) Hobbes 
D) Locke 
E) Diderot 
A) Voltaire 
B) Hume 
C) Hobbes 
D) Locke 
E) Diderot

Question 18

What were Voltaire's beliefs about religion,and how were they reflected both in his book Candide and in his interest in the Calas Affair?

Accepted Answer

A strong answer would include
-a discuss

Question 19

William Hogarth's work embodied the trend of moving away from classical subjects in paintings by focusing on

Accepted Answer

A) the Church. 
B) the common people. 
C) the monarchy. 
D) nobles. 
E) nature. 
A) the Church. 
B) the common people. 
C) the monarchy. 
D) nobles. 
E) nature.

Question 20

Physiocrats believed that _____________ was the source of all wealth.

Accepted Answer

A) trade 
B) gold 
C) silver 
D) livestock 
E) land 
A) trade 
B) gold 
C) silver 
D) livestock 
E) land

Exam 9: Enlightened Thought and the Republic of Letters

Philosophes helped create which modern discipline?

Montesquieu was the first philosophe to address

Methodism became popular by stressing

Where did the Enlightenment begin?

Salons spread enlightenment ideas by

Kant believed that individuals understood the universe through

What type of government did Montesquieu believe could guarantee both order and freedom?

Salons in Paris were hosted mainly by

Adam Smith's economic theory of "laissez-faire" called for governments

Which philosophe contributed 5,000 articles to the Encyclopedia,which was an attempt to organize and classify all human knowledge?

Joseph II's Serfdom Patent

What does the textbook identify as a key factor in the development of the concept of public opinion during the late eighteenth century?

One of the main reasons that monarchs instituted educational reforms was to ensure that there were enough

What sorts of social and cultural changes,and what new social groups and institutions,allowed the spread of Enlightenment ideas?

The strongest signal that the papacy was losing power in Western Europe was

In what novel did Rousseau describe his view of an ideal education?

Which philosophe believed that each person was born a tabula rasa,or blank slate?

What were Voltaire's beliefs about religion,and how were they reflected both in his book Candide and in his interest in the Calas Affair?

William Hogarth's work embodied the trend of moving away from classical subjects in paintings by focusing on

Physiocrats believed that _____________ was the source of all wealth.

Medieval Legacies and Transforming Discoveries

The Renaissance

The Two Reformations

The Wars of Religion

The Rise of the Atlantic Economy: Spain and England

England and the Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century

The Age of Absolutism,16501720

The New Philosophy of Science

Eighteenth-Century Economic and Social Change

Eighteenth-Century Dynastic Rivalries and Politics

The French Revolution

Napoleon and Europe

The Industrial Revolution

Liberal Challenges to Restoration Europe

The Revolutions of 1848

The Era of National Unification

Three Powers in the Age of Liberalism: Parliamentary Britain, Tsarist Russia, and Republican France

Rapid Industrialization and Its Challenges, 18701914

Political and Cultural Responses to a Rapidly Changing World

The Age of European Imperialism

The Great War

Revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union

The Elusive Search for Stability in the 1920s

The Europe of Economic Depression and Dictatorship

World War Ii

Rebuilding Divided Europe

The Cold War and the End of European Empires

Transitions to Democracy and the Collapse of Communism

Global Challenges: the War Against Terror and the Uncertainties of a New Age

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