Question 1

The goals of psychology as a science are to

Accepted Answer

A)  understand human and animal behaviour fully. 
B)  study and control human behaviour. 
C)  compare, analyze, and control behaviour and mental processes. 
D)  describe, explain, predict, and influence behaviour and mental processes. 
A)  understand human and animal behaviour fully. 
B)  study and control human behaviour. 
C)  compare, analyze, and control behaviour and mental processes. 
D)  describe, explain, predict, and influence behaviour and mental processes.

Question 2

According to the text, which of the following is not a major goal of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  reconstruction 
B)  influence 
C)  prediction 
D)  description 
A)  reconstruction 
B)  influence 
C)  prediction 
D)  description

Question 3

What is the advantage of the experimental method over other research methods? Provide an example of a research experiment in which you correctly identify the independent variable(s), the dependent variable(s), the experimental group, and the control group. Provide a brief definition for independent variable and dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

The advantage of the experimental method

Question 4

According to research reported in the text, gender bias in the sampling and selection of research subjects has decreased over the past few decades.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The group of subjects in an experiment that is exposed to the experimental environment but not given the treatment is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  the sample. 
B)  the control group. 
C)  the random sample. 
D)  the population. 
A)  the sample. 
B)  the control group. 
C)  the random sample. 
D)  the population.

Question 6

Which of the following best reflects psychology's goal of explanation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Researchers have developed a test that shows which individuals are likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. 
B)  Researchers have studied how smoking habits develop so that they may develop techniques to prevent teenagers from starting the habit. 
C)  Researchers have identified a gene involved in many cases of obesity. 
D)  Researchers have examined hundreds of cases of dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality) in order to provide a clear picture of the disorder. 
A)  Researchers have developed a test that shows which individuals are likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. 
B)  Researchers have studied how smoking habits develop so that they may develop techniques to prevent teenagers from starting the habit. 
C)  Researchers have identified a gene involved in many cases of obesity. 
D)  Researchers have examined hundreds of cases of dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality) in order to provide a clear picture of the disorder.

Question 7

Structuralism focused on the study of ________; behaviourism focused on the study of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  observable behaviour; mental processes 
B)  unconscious thought; conscious thought 
C)  unconscious thought; observable behaviour 
D)  conscious mental experience; observable behaviour 
A)  observable behaviour; mental processes 
B)  unconscious thought; conscious thought 
C)  unconscious thought; observable behaviour 
D)  conscious mental experience; observable behaviour

Question 8

The school of thought in psychology known as functionalism was aimed at analyzing the basic elements of conscious mental experience.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Psychology emerged as an independent field of study in the

Accepted Answer

A)  late 1800s. 
B)  late 1700s. 
C)  early 1700s. 
D)  early 1800s. 
A)  late 1800s. 
B)  late 1700s. 
C)  early 1700s. 
D)  early 1800s.

Question 10

How did Freud explain the unconscious and its role in the human mind?

Accepted Answer

Freud maintained that human mental life

Question 11

Which of the following best reflects psychology's goal of influence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Researchers have examined hundreds of cases of dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality) in order to provide a clear picture of the disorder. 
B)  Researchers have studied how smoking habits develop so that they may develop techniques to prevent teenagers from starting the habit. 
C)  Researchers have developed a test that shows which individuals are likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. 
D)  Researchers have identified a gene involved in many cases of obesity. 
A)  Researchers have examined hundreds of cases of dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality) in order to provide a clear picture of the disorder. 
B)  Researchers have studied how smoking habits develop so that they may develop techniques to prevent teenagers from starting the habit. 
C)  Researchers have developed a test that shows which individuals are likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. 
D)  Researchers have identified a gene involved in many cases of obesity.

Question 12

In order to test the effect of praise on learning, a group of students receive verbal encouragement every time they do something correct. At the end of the semester, their grades are recorded and analyzed. What is missing from the above design?

Accepted Answer

A)  an independent variable 
B)  an experimental group 
C)  a dependent variable 
D)  a control group 
A)  an independent variable 
B)  an experimental group 
C)  a dependent variable 
D)  a control group

Question 13

The major emphasis of the behavioural perspective in understanding behaviour is the role of

Accepted Answer

A)  learning and environmental factors. 
B)  mental processes. 
C)  the unconscious and early childhood experiences. 
D)  biological processes and heredity. 
A)  learning and environmental factors. 
B)  mental processes. 
C)  the unconscious and early childhood experiences. 
D)  biological processes and heredity.

Question 14

What are the roles of the independent variable and the dependent variable in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

Independent variables are variables that

Question 15

Research results can be influenced if a researcher unconsciously behaves differently toward subjects in the various groups based on his or her preconceived notions. This is called

Accepted Answer

A)  experimenter bias. 
B)  demand characteristics. 
C)  selection bias. 
D)  the placebo effect. 
A)  experimenter bias. 
B)  demand characteristics. 
C)  selection bias. 
D)  the placebo effect.

Question 16

The major emphasis of the biological perspective in understanding behaviour is the role of

Accepted Answer

A)  the unconscious and early childhood experiences. 
B)  mental processes. 
C)  biological processes and heredity. 
D)  learning and environmental factors. 
A)  the unconscious and early childhood experiences. 
B)  mental processes. 
C)  biological processes and heredity. 
D)  learning and environmental factors.

Question 17

Which of the following statements would most likely be endorsed by John Watson?

Accepted Answer

A)  The best way to study conscious experience is to analyze its component parts. 
B)  We should examine how the mind helps us adapt to a complex and changing world. 
C)  People are capable of making conscious, rational choices, which can lead to growth and psychological health. 
D)  Because mental events cannot be observed, psychology should restrict its focus to observable, measurable behaviour. 
A)  The best way to study conscious experience is to analyze its component parts. 
B)  We should examine how the mind helps us adapt to a complex and changing world. 
C)  People are capable of making conscious, rational choices, which can lead to growth and psychological health. 
D)  Because mental events cannot be observed, psychology should restrict its focus to observable, measurable behaviour.

Question 18

A psychology instructor studying the effects of the order of test items on test scores gave half the class a test in which the item order reflected the order in the textbook. The other half received the same questions in random order. What was the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  the order of the items 
B)  the test scores 
C)  the difficulty of the items on the test 
D)  the method used to assign subjects to groups 
A)  the order of the items 
B)  the test scores 
C)  the difficulty of the items on the test 
D)  the method used to assign subjects to groups

Question 19

A theory enables researchers to

Accepted Answer

A)  find the right interpretation for the data they collect. 
B)  describe several alternatives for what they observe. 
C)  explain what they were not able to find proof of. 
D)  fit many separate facts into a larger framework. 
A)  find the right interpretation for the data they collect. 
B)  describe several alternatives for what they observe. 
C)  explain what they were not able to find proof of. 
D)  fit many separate facts into a larger framework.

Question 20

What is the emphasis of Gestalt psychology?

Accepted Answer

Gestalt psychology emphasized that indiv

The goals of psychology as a science are to

According to the text, which of the following is not a major goal of psychology?

According to research reported in the text, gender bias in the sampling and selection of research subjects has decreased over the past few decades.

The group of subjects in an experiment that is exposed to the experimental environment but not given the treatment is known as

Which of the following best reflects psychology's goal of explanation?

Structuralism focused on the study of ; behaviourism focused on the study of .

The school of thought in psychology known as functionalism was aimed at analyzing the basic elements of conscious mental experience.

Psychology emerged as an independent field of study in the

How did Freud explain the unconscious and its role in the human mind?

Which of the following best reflects psychology's goal of influence?

In order to test the effect of praise on learning, a group of students receive verbal encouragement every time they do something correct. At the end of the semester, their grades are recorded and analyzed. What is missing from the above design?

The major emphasis of the behavioural perspective in understanding behaviour is the role of

What are the roles of the independent variable and the dependent variable in an experiment?

Research results can be influenced if a researcher unconsciously behaves differently toward subjects in the various groups based on his or her preconceived notions. This is called

The major emphasis of the biological perspective in understanding behaviour is the role of

Which of the following statements would most likely be endorsed by John Watson?

A psychology instructor studying the effects of the order of test items on test scores gave half the class a test in which the item order reflected the order in the textbook. The other half received the same questions in random order. What was the independent variable in this experiment?

A theory enables researchers to

What is the emphasis of Gestalt psychology?

Biology and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Development

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Personality, Theory and Assessment

Health and Stress

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Exam 1: Introduction to Psychology

The goals of psychology as a science are to

According to the text, which of the following is not a major goal of psychology?

According to research reported in the text, gender bias in the sampling and selection of research subjects has decreased over the past few decades.

The group of subjects in an experiment that is exposed to the experimental environment but not given the treatment is known as

Which of the following best reflects psychology's goal of explanation?

Structuralism focused on the study of ________; behaviourism focused on the study of ________.

The school of thought in psychology known as functionalism was aimed at analyzing the basic elements of conscious mental experience.

Psychology emerged as an independent field of study in the

How did Freud explain the unconscious and its role in the human mind?

Which of the following best reflects psychology's goal of influence?

In order to test the effect of praise on learning, a group of students receive verbal encouragement every time they do something correct. At the end of the semester, their grades are recorded and analyzed. What is missing from the above design?

The major emphasis of the behavioural perspective in understanding behaviour is the role of

What are the roles of the independent variable and the dependent variable in an experiment?

Research results can be influenced if a researcher unconsciously behaves differently toward subjects in the various groups based on his or her preconceived notions. This is called

The major emphasis of the biological perspective in understanding behaviour is the role of

Which of the following statements would most likely be endorsed by John Watson?

A psychology instructor studying the effects of the order of test items on test scores gave half the class a test in which the item order reflected the order in the textbook. The other half received the same questions in random order. What was the independent variable in this experiment?

A theory enables researchers to

What is the emphasis of Gestalt psychology?

Biology and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Development

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Personality, Theory and Assessment

Health and Stress

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Structuralism focused on the study of ; behaviourism focused on the study of .