Exam 6: Cognitive Development I: Structure and Process

Which of the following is an accurate statement about use of formal operational thinking?

Describe Elkind's concept of adolescent egocentrism including the personal fable and the imaginary audience. How is this helpful in explaining adolescents' risky behaviors?

Piaget referred to the many simple repetitive actions of the young infant as ________ circular reactions.

When a child understands that objects remain the same even when their appearance changes, the child has acquired

From about birth to four months of age, a baby's comprehension of the world is centered around __________ .

According to Vygotsky, near the end of age 3 a child uses language as a guide to solve problems. He calls this stage of language __________ .

Piaget thought that the most critical concrete operation was __________ .

The fact that children with older or younger siblings perform better on theory of mind tests is called the __________ .

Eighteen-year-old Leslie is more likely to make decisions

During stages five and six, from about the ages of 12 months to __________ months, infants and toddlers become very creative in exploring their world.

According to Piaget, the basic mental and physical actions of knowing are

Candy is a preschooler and therefore is egocentric. This means that her thinking is

Based on recent research, would you recommend that the parent of a 12-month-old infant use so-called "educational" or "brain-stimulating" videos such as Baby Einstein? Why or why not?

A scheme (or schema), as Piaget uses the term, is a

Create a brief description of a child in the concrete operations stage of cognitive development. Incorporate new research findings as well as those of Piaget in your description.

Jeremy possesses mental processes that are similar to those of lower animals and learns primarily through conditioning. He is in which of Vygotsky's stages?

Sixteen-year-old Marcy believes that her relationship with Nathan is deeper than anyone else has ever experienced, and therefore her parents could never understand what she feels. This type of thinking is

In a study by Lewis, nearly ________ of 12th graders tested did not show future orientation.

In substage 5 of Piaget's sensorimotor period, a baby's deliberate experimentation with variations of previous actions is called __________ .

The understanding that subordinate classes are included in larger superordinate classes is called class