Exam 3: Social Cognition: Understanding Ourselves and Others

When postoperative hospital patients are given responsibility for giving themselves pain- killing drugs,

People are often motivated to enhance or protect their self-images. In what circumstances are self-image enhancement and protection especially important? Describe three cognitive or behavioral strategies that people use for boosting and protecting their self-images.

Participants in a study by Jones and Harris were shown essays ostensibly written by students on a debate team. Which of the following possible results best demonstrates the correspondence bias? Participants thought that the author of the essay

Which of the following factors was discussed as related to increased accuracy in social cognition?

We are LESS likely to use cognitive shortcuts when thinking about other people if

Let's say that people overestimate the risks of getting HIV/AIDS and underestimate the risks of getting skin cancer. Given what we know about the availability heuristic, this is likely due to the fact that

The discounting principle states that as the number of possible causes for an event increases, our confidence that any one cause is the true one should decrease.

Discuss the roles that expectations can play in social cognitive processing. Be sure to discuss this in the context of both conserving mental effort and accuracy motivation.

All of the following are core processes of social cognition EXCEPT

When Richard Nixon was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, he attributed his victory to his personal strengths. When defeated by John Kennedy in the 1960 presidential election, however, Nixon's explanations focused on external reasons like the pro-Kennedy bias of the media. This is an example of

Downward social comparisons typically reduce self-esteem and increase stress.

The judgment that a person's behavior is caused by his/her personality is called a(an)

Imagine that you are listening to a speech and you need to evaluate the speaker's "true" attitudes toward some issues. In which of the following cases would you be LESS likely to take into account the circumstances under which the speaker is giving the speech, for example, whether he had a choice on which side to take.

Imagine you are the CEO of a firm that succeeds only if its employees avoid relying on cognitive shortcuts. How would you go about encouraging people to be more accurate in their judgments? What strategies would you teach them? What types of people would you hire if you want them to be motivated to avoid cognitive shortcuts?

Downward social comparison helps people_________________, whereas upward social comparison helps people_________________.

Who is most likely to enhance and protect his/her personal self esteem?

Your text notes that mildly depressed students are more likely to

The fundamental attribution error is called that because people in all cultures demonstrate it just as often.

Research on the fundamental attribution error shows that humans tend to overly emphasize the effect of_________________and under-appreciate the effect of_________________.

Aline is in love with Carlos. According to the covariation model, which of the following combinations of consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency information would lead you to attribute her love to a special magic between Aline and Carlos (person and situation interaction attribution)?