Question 1

The false consensus effect occurs because people use_________________as an anchor and__________________________________this estimate.

Accepted Answer

A)  their own views; overadjust 
B)  their own views; underadjust 
C)  the most popular view; overadjust 
D)  the most popular view; underadjust 
A)  their own views; overadjust 
B)  their own views; underadjust 
C)  the most popular view; overadjust 
D)  the most popular view; underadjust

Question 2

Expectancy confirmation is discussed in the text as most closely linked to the goal of

Accepted Answer

A)  conserving mental effort. 
B)  managing self-image. 
C)  accuracy. 
D)  appearing competent. 
A)  conserving mental effort. 
B)  managing self-image. 
C)  accuracy. 
D)  appearing competent.

Question 3

Two goals of social cognition seem to be in opposition to each other. In what situations do people seek to conserve mental effort? Under what circumstances do they seek accuracy? What features within the person encourage people toward one goal versus the other?

Accepted Answer

We conserve mental effort when we don't

Question 4

Unexpected events motivate people to

Accepted Answer

A)  think in more complex ways. 
B)  protect their self-images. 
C)  engage in downward social comparison. 
D)  engage in upward social comparison. 
A)  think in more complex ways. 
B)  protect their self-images. 
C)  engage in downward social comparison. 
D)  engage in upward social comparison.

Question 5

You are the manager of a department in a big company and you are going to interview a candidate for an open position. The candidate comes 30 minutes late for the interview, has several body piercings, and doesn't seem very intelligent to you. Looking at his resume, however, you discover that he has graduated form a prestigious university and has several years of experience in the area. According to research, you would be

Accepted Answer

A)  motivated to acquire more information to make the right decision about this person. 
B)  motivated to finish the interview as quickly as possible in order to conserve mental effort. 
C)  likely to hire this person without acquiring more information in order to resolve this complex situation. 
D)  likely to rely on your first impression and not hire this person. 
A)  motivated to acquire more information to make the right decision about this person. 
B)  motivated to finish the interview as quickly as possible in order to conserve mental effort. 
C)  likely to hire this person without acquiring more information in order to resolve this complex situation. 
D)  likely to rely on your first impression and not hire this person.

Question 6

As a self-enhancement strategy, people tend to value quite highly those characteristics and abilities that

Accepted Answer

A)  prominent leaders possess. 
B)  they don't possess. 
C)  they happen to possess. 
D)  are made salient by the media. 
A)  prominent leaders possess. 
B)  they don't possess. 
C)  they happen to possess. 
D)  are made salient by the media.

Question 7

People who enjoy solving life's puzzles, view thinking as fun, and appreciate discovering the strengths and weaknesses of their arguments are high in

Accepted Answer

A)  social cognition. 
B)  need for cognition. 
C)  desire for control. 
D)  need for structure. 
A)  social cognition. 
B)  need for cognition. 
C)  desire for control. 
D)  need for structure.

Question 8

Research has found that morning people

Accepted Answer

A)  use cognitive shortcuts more at night. 
B)  use cognitive shortcuts more than evening people. 
C)  use cognitive shortcuts more in the morning. 
D)  use cognitive shortcuts less than evening people. 
A)  use cognitive shortcuts more at night. 
B)  use cognitive shortcuts more than evening people. 
C)  use cognitive shortcuts more in the morning. 
D)  use cognitive shortcuts less than evening people.

Question 9

Lara, who is a teaching assistant for a psychology class, is responsible for evaluating student essays. One of the students brings his essay to her office and she can't help noticing the smell of alcohol on his breath. This is especially likely to reduce the accuracy and objectivity of Lara's evaluation if

Accepted Answer

A)  she has just read a sad story in the newspaper. 
B)  she has one hour to grade the essay. 
C)  she has only 10 minutes to grade the essay. 
D)  she has low need for structure. 
A)  she has just read a sad story in the newspaper. 
B)  she has one hour to grade the essay. 
C)  she has only 10 minutes to grade the essay. 
D)  she has low need for structure.

Question 10

Gabriel participated in a study where he was given an IQ test described as an excellent predictor of future academic and financial success. Gabriel performed poorly on the test. Gabriel is likely to attribute his low scores to

Accepted Answer

A)  bad luck, thereby misapplying the representativeness heuristic. 
B)  the invalidity of the test, thereby protecting his self-esteem. 
C)  unclear instructions, thereby making the fundamental attribution error. 
D)  his own ability, thereby demonstrating the actor-observer bias. 
A)  bad luck, thereby misapplying the representativeness heuristic. 
B)  the invalidity of the test, thereby protecting his self-esteem. 
C)  unclear instructions, thereby making the fundamental attribution error. 
D)  his own ability, thereby demonstrating the actor-observer bias.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true about human expectations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Expectations are very flexible and easily changed. 
B)  Expectations are very resistant to change. 
C)  Expectations are very likely to be disconfirmed, especially in complex situations. 
D)  Expectations are more likely to be confirmed when people are in a sad mood than when they are in a happy mood. 
A)  Expectations are very flexible and easily changed. 
B)  Expectations are very resistant to change. 
C)  Expectations are very likely to be disconfirmed, especially in complex situations. 
D)  Expectations are more likely to be confirmed when people are in a sad mood than when they are in a happy mood.

Question 12

__________________________________increases the motivation to engage in careful thinking only_________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Happiness; for a short time 
B)  Depression; when it is not severe 
C)  Desire for control; when the issue is not personally relevant 
D)  Need for structure; under time pressure 
A)  Happiness; for a short time 
B)  Depression; when it is not severe 
C)  Desire for control; when the issue is not personally relevant 
D)  Need for structure; under time pressure

Question 13

People are LESS likely to use simplifying cognitive strategies when

Accepted Answer

A)  the situation confirms their expectations. 
B)  they are in a complex situation. 
C)  their expectations do not fit with the current situation. 
D)  they are physiologically aroused. 
A)  the situation confirms their expectations. 
B)  they are in a complex situation. 
C)  their expectations do not fit with the current situation. 
D)  they are physiologically aroused.

Question 14

How can perceiving that one has little control be adaptive? Maladaptive?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive: when the exercise of

Question 15

According to research by Lord, Lepper, and Preston (1984), participants were less biased in their appraisal of the methodology of a scientific study when they were asked to

Accepted Answer

A)  "Consider what would you conclude if the same study produced results on the other side of the issue." 
B)  "Consider how this issue ranks in the perspective of important issues, like your own life and death." 
C)  "Think about times when you have made foolish decisions in the past." 
D)  "Try to be as objective as possible." 
A)  "Consider what would you conclude if the same study produced results on the other side of the issue." 
B)  "Consider how this issue ranks in the perspective of important issues, like your own life and death." 
C)  "Think about times when you have made foolish decisions in the past." 
D)  "Try to be as objective as possible."

Question 16

Describe the four cognitive shortcuts people use to simplify their processing of social information. Name and describe three person and/or situation factors that increase the likelihood that people use these cognitive shortcuts.

Accepted Answer

Shortcuts include the correspondence bia

Question 17

Karina is going to negotiate with a lawyer who has a reputation for being aggressive and hostile. To prevent herself from being taken advantage of, Karina enters the negotiation with a hard position and cold interpersonal style. As a natural response to Karina's behavior, the other lawyer is aggressive and hostile in the negotiation. This process is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the self-serving bias. 
B)  the correspondence bias. 
C)  the self-fulfilling prophecy. 
D)  the representativeness heuristic. 
A)  the self-serving bias. 
B)  the correspondence bias. 
C)  the self-fulfilling prophecy. 
D)  the representativeness heuristic.

Question 18

Self-fulfilling prophecies have been observed in the laboratory but not in the real world..

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Jim is paired with Dave to work on a project. After the first meeting, Jim has discovered that Dave is homosexual. According to research on accuracy motivation, in which of the following circumstances would Jim's impression of Dave be LESS affected by Jim's negative stereotype of homosexuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jim was suspicious that Dave was homosexual even before the first meeting. 
B)  Jim has a high need for structure. 
C)  Jim's part of the project will be evaluated independently of Dave's. 
D)  The project will be evaluated as a whole, and Jim's grade will depend on Dave's work. 
A)  Jim was suspicious that Dave was homosexual even before the first meeting. 
B)  Jim has a high need for structure. 
C)  Jim's part of the project will be evaluated independently of Dave's. 
D)  The project will be evaluated as a whole, and Jim's grade will depend on Dave's work.

Question 20

Social cognition is defined as the way that

Accepted Answer

A)  people congregate into groups. 
B)  people think about and make sense of themselves and those around them. 
C)  people think collectively rather than individually. 
D)  people pass information and attitudes along informal lines of communication. 
A)  people congregate into groups. 
B)  people think about and make sense of themselves and those around them. 
C)  people think collectively rather than individually. 
D)  people pass information and attitudes along informal lines of communication.

The false consensus effect occurs because people use_as an anchor and__________________this estimate.

Expectancy confirmation is discussed in the text as most closely linked to the goal of

Two goals of social cognition seem to be in opposition to each other. In what situations do people seek to conserve mental effort? Under what circumstances do they seek accuracy? What features within the person encourage people toward one goal versus the other?

Unexpected events motivate people to

As a self-enhancement strategy, people tend to value quite highly those characteristics and abilities that

People who enjoy solving life's puzzles, view thinking as fun, and appreciate discovering the strengths and weaknesses of their arguments are high in

Research has found that morning people

Gabriel participated in a study where he was given an IQ test described as an excellent predictor of future academic and financial success. Gabriel performed poorly on the test. Gabriel is likely to attribute his low scores to

Which of the following statements is true about human expectations?

__________________increases the motivation to engage in careful thinking only_.

People are LESS likely to use simplifying cognitive strategies when

How can perceiving that one has little control be adaptive? Maladaptive?

According to research by Lord, Lepper, and Preston (1984), participants were less biased in their appraisal of the methodology of a scientific study when they were asked to

Describe the four cognitive shortcuts people use to simplify their processing of social information. Name and describe three person and/or situation factors that increase the likelihood that people use these cognitive shortcuts.

Self-fulfilling prophecies have been observed in the laboratory but not in the real world..

Jim is paired with Dave to work on a project. After the first meeting, Jim has discovered that Dave is homosexual. According to research on accuracy motivation, in which of the following circumstances would Jim's impression of Dave be LESS affected by Jim's negative stereotype of homosexuals?

Social cognition is defined as the way that

Introduction to Social Psychology

The Person and the Situation

Presenting the Self

Attitudes and Persuasion

Social Influence: Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience

Affiliation and Friendship

Love and Romantic Relationships

Prosocial Behavior

Aggression

Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Groups

Social Dilemmas: Cooperation Versus Conflict

Integrating Social Psychology

Filters

Exam 3: Social Cognition: Understanding Ourselves and Others

The false consensus effect occurs because people use_________________as an anchor and__________________________________this estimate.

Expectancy confirmation is discussed in the text as most closely linked to the goal of

Two goals of social cognition seem to be in opposition to each other. In what situations do people seek to conserve mental effort? Under what circumstances do they seek accuracy? What features within the person encourage people toward one goal versus the other?

Unexpected events motivate people to

As a self-enhancement strategy, people tend to value quite highly those characteristics and abilities that

People who enjoy solving life's puzzles, view thinking as fun, and appreciate discovering the strengths and weaknesses of their arguments are high in

Research has found that morning people

Gabriel participated in a study where he was given an IQ test described as an excellent predictor of future academic and financial success. Gabriel performed poorly on the test. Gabriel is likely to attribute his low scores to

Which of the following statements is true about human expectations?

__________________________________increases the motivation to engage in careful thinking only_________________.

People are LESS likely to use simplifying cognitive strategies when

How can perceiving that one has little control be adaptive? Maladaptive?

According to research by Lord, Lepper, and Preston (1984), participants were less biased in their appraisal of the methodology of a scientific study when they were asked to

Describe the four cognitive shortcuts people use to simplify their processing of social information. Name and describe three person and/or situation factors that increase the likelihood that people use these cognitive shortcuts.

Self-fulfilling prophecies have been observed in the laboratory but not in the real world..

Jim is paired with Dave to work on a project. After the first meeting, Jim has discovered that Dave is homosexual. According to research on accuracy motivation, in which of the following circumstances would Jim's impression of Dave be LESS affected by Jim's negative stereotype of homosexuals?

Social cognition is defined as the way that

Introduction to Social Psychology

The Person and the Situation

Presenting the Self

Attitudes and Persuasion

Social Influence: Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience

Affiliation and Friendship

Love and Romantic Relationships

Prosocial Behavior

Aggression

Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Groups

Social Dilemmas: Cooperation Versus Conflict

Integrating Social Psychology

Filters

The false consensus effect occurs because people use_as an anchor and__________________this estimate.

__________________increases the motivation to engage in careful thinking only_.