Question 1

According to Richard A. Cloward and Lloyd E. Ohlin, delinquent youth subcultures emerge where the chances of legitimately achieving success are low.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

One of the main puzzles in the study of criminology is that although society became much more affluent in the twentieth century, crime rates continued to rise. Robert K. Merton responded to this quandary by:

Accepted Answer

A)  determining that economic factors were no longer relevant to crime 
B)  emphasizing the morality socialized into particular groups 
C)  identifying a sense of relative deprivation as a factor in deviance 
D)  recognizing that people with deviant peers are more likely to participate in deviant behavior 
A)  determining that economic factors were no longer relevant to crime 
B)  emphasizing the morality socialized into particular groups 
C)  identifying a sense of relative deprivation as a factor in deviance 
D)  recognizing that people with deviant peers are more likely to participate in deviant behavior

Question 3

Recent media analysis of police departments across the United States found a huge backlog of "rape kits" in evidence rooms. There are many reasons for this, including the cost of testing and the difficulty in linking forensic evidence to the crime. One other aspect to this problem might be that:

Accepted Answer

A)  rape is often seen as a sexual offense and not a violent crime 
B)  most male police officers are not inclined to believe a woman's account of a rape 
C)  police departments do not wish to spend the resources on the investigation and interrogation process 
D)  police officers are extremely good at male intimidation and thus able to keep rape investigations out of the investigative process 
A)  rape is often seen as a sexual offense and not a violent crime 
B)  most male police officers are not inclined to believe a woman's account of a rape 
C)  police departments do not wish to spend the resources on the investigation and interrogation process 
D)  police officers are extremely good at male intimidation and thus able to keep rape investigations out of the investigative process

Question 4

Putting locks on mailboxes is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  differential association 
B)  community policing 
C)  a deviant act 
D)  target hardening 
A)  differential association 
B)  community policing 
C)  a deviant act 
D)  target hardening

Question 5

Compare crimes against property (robberies, burglaries, larceny, forgeries, and car thefts) with white-collar crimes. Discuss specifically the measurement of crime, attitude of authorities, amount of money involved, and number of people affected. Which do you think is more harmful? Answer in one paragraph.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare crimes against property (robberies, burglaries, larceny,...

Question 6

What type of theorist might argue that even the definition of crime is class biased, for example, that the crimes listed in the Uniform Crime Reports are crimes disproportionately committed by members of the lower class in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  labeling 
B)  functionalist 
C)  conflict 
D)  control 
A)  labeling 
B)  functionalist 
C)  conflict 
D)  control

Question 7

Why would an administrative assistant in a large, multinational corporation who decided to falsify financial data for personal gain not be seen as an example of corporate crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  Administrative assistants do not report directly to the CEO of a large corporation and are thus exempt from such prosecutions. 
B)  An administrative assistant doing so for personal gain is not acting on behalf of the corporation. 
C)  Only when a CEO falsifies reports for personal gain is it classified as corporate crime. 
D)  Corporate executives do not oversee the actions of individuals in a corporation, which makes such crimes property crimes and not corporate crimes. 
A)  Administrative assistants do not report directly to the CEO of a large corporation and are thus exempt from such prosecutions. 
B)  An administrative assistant doing so for personal gain is not acting on behalf of the corporation. 
C)  Only when a CEO falsifies reports for personal gain is it classified as corporate crime. 
D)  Corporate executives do not oversee the actions of individuals in a corporation, which makes such crimes property crimes and not corporate crimes.

Question 8

What type of sanction is applied only by people officially designated to enforce norms?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  formal 
C)  informal 
D)  negative 
A)  positive 
B)  formal 
C)  informal 
D)  negative

Question 9

According to your textbook authors, if everyone is a rule follower, does this lead to a more equitable society?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes; complying with the rules almost always eliminates power inequalities. 
B)  Yes; breaking rules and engaging in politically subversive acts almost never advances democracy. 
C)  Not always; strict adherence to the rules sometimes limits opportunities for upward mobility. 
D)  No; the black Mafia provides the best chance for upward mobility. 
A)  Yes; complying with the rules almost always eliminates power inequalities. 
B)  Yes; breaking rules and engaging in politically subversive acts almost never advances democracy. 
C)  Not always; strict adherence to the rules sometimes limits opportunities for upward mobility. 
D)  No; the black Mafia provides the best chance for upward mobility.

Question 10

With which of the following statements might a conflict theorist most closely agree?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deviants are born into a culture that rewards criminal behavior. 
B)  Deviant behavior could be a response to inequalities in capitalist society. 
C)  Deviant behavior results from deviants associating with other deviants. 
D)  Deviant behavior can arise from various types of negative relationships that individuals have. 
A)  Deviants are born into a culture that rewards criminal behavior. 
B)  Deviant behavior could be a response to inequalities in capitalist society. 
C)  Deviant behavior results from deviants associating with other deviants. 
D)  Deviant behavior can arise from various types of negative relationships that individuals have.

Question 11

MATCHING
-Innovators

Accepted Answer

A) Reject both the existing values and the means of achieving them but work to substitute new ones and reconstruct the social system 
B) Abandoned the competitive outlook, rejecting both the dominant values and the approved means of achieving them 
C) Conform to socially accepted standards, though they have lost sight of their underlying values 
D) When there are no clear standards to guide behavior in a given area of social life 
E) Accept generally held values and the means to achieve them
F)Accept socially approved values but use illegitimate or illegal means to follow them 
A) Reject both the existing values and the means of achieving them but work to substitute new ones and reconstruct the social system 
B) Abandoned the competitive outlook, rejecting both the dominant values and the approved means of achieving them 
C) Conform to socially accepted standards, though they have lost sight of their underlying values 
D) When there are no clear standards to guide behavior in a given area of social life 
E) Accept generally held values and the means to achieve them
F)Accept socially approved values but use illegitimate or illegal means to follow them

Question 12

Looking at Figure 7.2, Merton's Deviance Typology, in which type would we see higher levels of anomie? Merton's Deviance Typology
[img]

Accepted Answer

A)  innovation 
B)  rebellion 
C)  retreatism 
D)  ritualism 
A)  innovation 
B)  rebellion 
C)  retreatism 
D)  ritualism

Question 13

Albert Cohen used the concept of "delinquent subculture" to refer to groups such as gangs that reject middle-class norms and celebrate defiance. What is the primary difference between his of deviance and that of Robert K. Merton?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deviance is found in inner-city subcultures. 
B)  Deviance is a collective response. 
C)  Deviance is inevitably the result of socioeconomic differences. 
D)  Deviance is frequently visible along racial lines. 
A)  Deviance is found in inner-city subcultures. 
B)  Deviance is a collective response. 
C)  Deviance is inevitably the result of socioeconomic differences. 
D)  Deviance is frequently visible along racial lines.

Question 14

The term prison-industrial complex has been used by critics to describe the current American prison system. What does this fact refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  High rates of incarceration of persons of a lower class have led to a decrease in the industrial labor force. 
B)  Prisons increasingly employ inmates in factory work (for example, constructing furniture or imprinting license plates). 
C)  Large numbers of people have vested economic and political interests in the expansion of the prison system. 
D)  Jails and prisons have instituted costly job training programs for inmates to enter industrial jobs on release. 
A)  High rates of incarceration of persons of a lower class have led to a decrease in the industrial labor force. 
B)  Prisons increasingly employ inmates in factory work (for example, constructing furniture or imprinting license plates). 
C)  Large numbers of people have vested economic and political interests in the expansion of the prison system. 
D)  Jails and prisons have instituted costly job training programs for inmates to enter industrial jobs on release.

Question 15

According to Francis Ianni, which of the following statements concerning the black Mafia is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Black Mafia members moved out of crime and into the American mainstream. 
B)  The black Mafia became overly dependent on the drug trade and was unable to diversify its criminal activities. 
C)  The black Mafia developed strong relations with white politicians. 
D)  The black Mafia followed the trajectory of the Italian Mafia. 
A)  Black Mafia members moved out of crime and into the American mainstream. 
B)  The black Mafia became overly dependent on the drug trade and was unable to diversify its criminal activities. 
C)  The black Mafia developed strong relations with white politicians. 
D)  The black Mafia followed the trajectory of the Italian Mafia.

Question 16

Why does Susan Browmiller think that all women are victims of rape? Do you agree with her? Answer in two to three sentences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why does Susan Browmiller think that all...

Question 17

What are we referring to when we speak of the formal norms defined by governments as principles that their citizens must follow?

Accepted Answer

A)  crimes 
B)  informal sanctions 
C)  laws 
D)  sanctions 
A)  crimes 
B)  informal sanctions 
C)  laws 
D)  sanctions

Question 18

At present, the United States has a higher incarceration rate per capita than any other country. What is one of the biggest challenges of this approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  The federal government cannot keep up with the demands of training correctional officers. 
B)  The privatization of the prison industry is driving up costs. 
C)  The annual cost of housing a prisoner is so high. 
D)  The annual cost of training a correctional officer is so high. 
A)  The federal government cannot keep up with the demands of training correctional officers. 
B)  The privatization of the prison industry is driving up costs. 
C)  The annual cost of housing a prisoner is so high. 
D)  The annual cost of training a correctional officer is so high.

Question 19

MATCHING
-Conformist

Accepted Answer

A) Reject both the existing values and the means of achieving them but work to substitute new ones and reconstruct the social system 
B) Abandoned the competitive outlook, rejecting both the dominant values and the approved means of achieving them 
C) Conform to socially accepted standards, though they have lost sight of their underlying values 
D) When there are no clear standards to guide behavior in a given area of social life 
E) Accept generally held values and the means to achieve them
F)Accept socially approved values but use illegitimate or illegal means to follow them 
A) Reject both the existing values and the means of achieving them but work to substitute new ones and reconstruct the social system 
B) Abandoned the competitive outlook, rejecting both the dominant values and the approved means of achieving them 
C) Conform to socially accepted standards, though they have lost sight of their underlying values 
D) When there are no clear standards to guide behavior in a given area of social life 
E) Accept generally held values and the means to achieve them
F)Accept socially approved values but use illegitimate or illegal means to follow them

Question 20

Sometimes a female lawbreaker is able to avoid punishment by invoking the gender contract. This concept allows the female lawbreaker to play on the idea that women in general are both erratic and:

Accepted Answer

A)  in need of child support 
B)  have dependent children they are obligated to care for 
C)  in need of protection 
D)  less likely to be repeat offenders because they are women 
A)  in need of child support 
B)  have dependent children they are obligated to care for 
C)  in need of protection 
D)  less likely to be repeat offenders because they are women

According to Richard A. Cloward and Lloyd E. Ohlin, delinquent youth subcultures emerge where the chances of legitimately achieving success are low.

One of the main puzzles in the study of criminology is that although society became much more affluent in the twentieth century, crime rates continued to rise. Robert K. Merton responded to this quandary by:

Recent media analysis of police departments across the United States found a huge backlog of "rape kits" in evidence rooms. There are many reasons for this, including the cost of testing and the difficulty in linking forensic evidence to the crime. One other aspect to this problem might be that:

Putting locks on mailboxes is an example of:

What type of theorist might argue that even the definition of crime is class biased, for example, that the crimes listed in the Uniform Crime Reports are crimes disproportionately committed by members of the lower class in the United States?

Why would an administrative assistant in a large, multinational corporation who decided to falsify financial data for personal gain not be seen as an example of corporate crime?

What type of sanction is applied only by people officially designated to enforce norms?

According to your textbook authors, if everyone is a rule follower, does this lead to a more equitable society?

With which of the following statements might a conflict theorist most closely agree?

MATCHING -Innovators

Looking at Figure 7.2, Merton's Deviance Typology, in which type would we see higher levels of anomie? Merton's Deviance Typology [img]

Albert Cohen used the concept of "delinquent subculture" to refer to groups such as gangs that reject middle-class norms and celebrate defiance. What is the primary difference between his of deviance and that of Robert K. Merton?

The term prison-industrial complex has been used by critics to describe the current American prison system. What does this fact refer to?

According to Francis Ianni, which of the following statements concerning the black Mafia is true?

Why does Susan Browmiller think that all women are victims of rape? Do you agree with her? Answer in two to three sentences.

What are we referring to when we speak of the formal norms defined by governments as principles that their citizens must follow?

At present, the United States has a higher incarceration rate per capita than any other country. What is one of the biggest challenges of this approach?

MATCHING -Conformist

Sometimes a female lawbreaker is able to avoid punishment by invoking the gender contract. This concept allows the female lawbreaker to play on the idea that women in general are both erratic and:

What Is Sociology

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Exam 7: Conformity, Deviance, and Crime

According to Richard A. Cloward and Lloyd E. Ohlin, delinquent youth subcultures emerge where the chances of legitimately achieving success are low.

One of the main puzzles in the study of criminology is that although society became much more affluent in the twentieth century, crime rates continued to rise. Robert K. Merton responded to this quandary by:

Recent media analysis of police departments across the United States found a huge backlog of "rape kits" in evidence rooms. There are many reasons for this, including the cost of testing and the difficulty in linking forensic evidence to the crime. One other aspect to this problem might be that:

Putting locks on mailboxes is an example of:

What type of theorist might argue that even the definition of crime is class biased, for example, that the crimes listed in the Uniform Crime Reports are crimes disproportionately committed by members of the lower class in the United States?

Why would an administrative assistant in a large, multinational corporation who decided to falsify financial data for personal gain not be seen as an example of corporate crime?

What type of sanction is applied only by people officially designated to enforce norms?

According to your textbook authors, if everyone is a rule follower, does this lead to a more equitable society?

With which of the following statements might a conflict theorist most closely agree?

MATCHING -Innovators

Looking at Figure 7.2, Merton's Deviance Typology, in which type would we see higher levels of anomie? Merton's Deviance Typology [img]

Albert Cohen used the concept of "delinquent subculture" to refer to groups such as gangs that reject middle-class norms and celebrate defiance. What is the primary difference between his of deviance and that of Robert K. Merton?

The term prison-industrial complex has been used by critics to describe the current American prison system. What does this fact refer to?

According to Francis Ianni, which of the following statements concerning the black Mafia is true?

Why does Susan Browmiller think that all women are victims of rape? Do you agree with her? Answer in two to three sentences.

What are we referring to when we speak of the formal norms defined by governments as principles that their citizens must follow?

At present, the United States has a higher incarceration rate per capita than any other country. What is one of the biggest challenges of this approach?

MATCHING -Conformist

Sometimes a female lawbreaker is able to avoid punishment by invoking the gender contract. This concept allows the female lawbreaker to play on the idea that women in general are both erratic and:

What Is Sociology

Asking and Answering Sociological Questions

Culture and Society

Socialization and the Life Course

Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age of the Internet

Groups, Networks, and Organizations

Stratification, Class, and Inequality

Global Inequality

Gender Inequality

Ethnicity and Race

Aging

Government, Political Power, and Social Movements

Work and Economic Life

Families and Intimate Relationships

Education

Religion in Modern Society

The Sociology of the Body: Health, Illness, and Sexuality

Population, Urbanization, and the Environment

Globalization in a Changing World

Filters