Exam 46: The Child With Alterations in Fluids, electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

A child is being treated for dehydration with intravenous fluids.The child currently weighs 13 kg,and is estimated to have lost 7% of her normal body weight.The nurse is double-checking the IV rate the physician has ordered.Replacement fluid is the percentage of lost body weight $\times$ 10 per kg of body weight.According to the calculation for maintenance and replacement fluid,this child's hourly IV rate for 24 hours should be _______.

The nurse is assessing an infant brought to the clinic because of diarrhea.The infant is alert,but has dry mucous membranes.Which other sign indicates that the infant still is in the early or mild stage of dehydration?

A 6-year-old child is hypokalemic.The nurse is helping the child choose menu items.The nurse would encourage this child to select which foods?

The nurse is expecting the admission of a child with severe isotonic dehydration.Which intravenous fluid should the nurse anticipate the doctor to order initially to replace fluids?

A nurse is planning care for a child with hyponatremia.The nurse delegating care of this child to an LVN cautions the LVN about which complication?

The nurse has just finished a parent teaching session on preventing heat-related illnesses for children who exercise.Which statement by a parent indicates understanding of preventive techniques taught?

A child with croup has an increased Pco₂ a decreased pH,and a normal Hco₃ blood gas value.The nurse interprets this as uncompensated:

A 1-month-old infant is admitted to the Emergency Department with severe diarrhea.Which assessment suggests the infant is severely dehydrated?

In the morning,a nurse receives a report on four pediatric clients,each of whom has some form of fluid volume excess.Which child should the nurse check first? The child with:

Parents of an infant with slow weight gain ask the nurse if they can feed their baby a high-concentrated formula.Which is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

A child is admitted to the hospital for hypercalcemia,and is placed on diuretic therapy.Which diuretic would the nurse expect to give?

The neonatal nurse explains to new parents that infants are at greater risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalance than are older children.Which of the following parent comments would indicate that further education is needed?

A 6-month-old infant is admitted with severe dehydration.Effectiveness of therapy is evaluated with which of the following assessment measures? Select all that apply.

A nurse is taking care of four different pediatric clients.The client with the greatest risk for dehydration is the child:

An infant is in the hospital for hypernatremia.Which of the following is the most appropriate means of collecting urine for a specific gravity test?