Question 1

Why do human femora (thighbones)angle toward each other from the hip to the knee ("knee-in")?

Accepted Answer

A) The femora are angled so that foot stance of humans can be wider than the pelvis width. 
B) They structurally orient the body from a wider pelvis to more narrowly spaced feet. 
C) They shift support of the upper body onto the knees. 
D) They shift the weight of the upper body onto the arched feet. 
E) The femora do not angle toward each other;they are vertically straight and the tibia are angled. 
A) The femora are angled so that foot stance of humans can be wider than the pelvis width. 
B) They structurally orient the body from a wider pelvis to more narrowly spaced feet. 
C) They shift support of the upper body onto the knees. 
D) They shift the weight of the upper body onto the arched feet. 
E) The femora do not angle toward each other;they are vertically straight and the tibia are angled.

Question 2

Describe the anatomical characteristics of Ardipithecus ramidus.

Accepted Answer

Ardipithecus ramidus is an extinct homin

Question 3

All of the following are characteristics of the "robust" australopithecines except:

Accepted Answer

A) large chewing apparatus. 
B) existence of a marked sagittal crest. 
C) powerful jaws. 
D) large cheek teeth. 
E) balanced front and back teeth. 
A) large chewing apparatus. 
B) existence of a marked sagittal crest. 
C) powerful jaws. 
D) large cheek teeth. 
E) balanced front and back teeth.

Question 4

Many scientists believe that the robust australopithecines changed their diets to avoid competing with the genus
Homo.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In which theory for primate evolution does Matt Cartmill argue that hunting behavior in tree-dwelling primates was responsible for their enhanced visual and manual abilities?

Accepted Answer

A) Visual predation theory 
B) Arboreal hypothesis 
C) Bipedal arborealism 
D) Postorbital bar theory 
E) Mitochondrial DNA theory 
A) Visual predation theory 
B) Arboreal hypothesis 
C) Bipedal arborealism 
D) Postorbital bar theory 
E) Mitochondrial DNA theory

Question 6

The human species emerged from an arboreal lifestyle,but as it developed into fine-tuned bipeds,it began to lose some of the climbing abilities it once had.Using what you have learned about the anatomy of bipedalism and the differences between chimpanzee and human climbing,discuss how bipedalism changed our adaptation to the environment.

Accepted Answer

Bipedalism, or the ability to walk on tw

Question 7

Which site has dramatic affirmation of the early origins of bipedalism among hominins?

Accepted Answer

A) Lake Tanganika,Tanzania 
B) Olduvai Gorge,Tanzania 
C) Laetoli,Tanzania 
D) Addis Ababa,Ethiopia 
E) Altamira Cave,Spain 
A) Lake Tanganika,Tanzania 
B) Olduvai Gorge,Tanzania 
C) Laetoli,Tanzania 
D) Addis Ababa,Ethiopia 
E) Altamira Cave,Spain

Question 8

Australopithecus is a genus that includes as many as eight species.Which of the following is not a proposed Australopithecine species?

Accepted Answer

A) A.ramidus 
B) A.garhi 
C) A.boisei 
D) A.bahrelghazali 
E) A.robustus 
A) A.ramidus 
B) A.garhi 
C) A.boisei 
D) A.bahrelghazali 
E) A.robustus

Question 9

Bipedalism is an engineering enigma.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with this type of locomotion in the environment in which early humans developed.

Accepted Answer

Bipedalism, or the ability to walk on tw

Question 10

What are the potential negative consequences of bipedalism?

Accepted Answer

Bipedalism, the ability to walk on two l

Question 11

During the Oligocene,what type of primates existed? Describe the environment and their characteristics.

Accepted Answer

During the Oligocene epoch, which lasted

Question 12

Which of the following statements about chimpanzee climbing is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) They habitually flex their ankles to grasp the tree as they climb. 
B) They have no foot inversion while climbing. 
C) Dorsification is not evident while climbing. 
D) They normally grasp a tree with long arms and pull themselves up,making little use of their feet and ankles. 
E) Chimpanzees do not climb trees. 
A) They habitually flex their ankles to grasp the tree as they climb. 
B) They have no foot inversion while climbing. 
C) Dorsification is not evident while climbing. 
D) They normally grasp a tree with long arms and pull themselves up,making little use of their feet and ankles. 
E) Chimpanzees do not climb trees.

Question 13

Distinguish between the chewing apparatus of gracile and robust australopithecines.

Accepted Answer

The chewing apparatus of gracile and rob

Question 14

Distinguish between an abducted and adducted big toe in primates.

Accepted Answer

In primates, the big toe can be abducted

Question 15

Which of the following is not associated with the career of Louis Leakey?

Accepted Answer

A) Discovery of a late Miocene ape at Fort Ternan,Kenya 
B) Worked at Olduvai Gorge,Tanzania 
C) Was instrumental in setting up some of the earliest primatological research studies 
D) Worked with A.T.Hopwood to discover the first Miocene ape fossil named Proconsul 
E) Was the first scientist to uncover a Neanderthal fossil 
A) Discovery of a late Miocene ape at Fort Ternan,Kenya 
B) Worked at Olduvai Gorge,Tanzania 
C) Was instrumental in setting up some of the earliest primatological research studies 
D) Worked with A.T.Hopwood to discover the first Miocene ape fossil named Proconsul 
E) Was the first scientist to uncover a Neanderthal fossil

Why do human femora (thighbones)angle toward each other from the hip to the knee ("knee-in")?

Describe the anatomical characteristics of Ardipithecus ramidus.

All of the following are characteristics of the "robust" australopithecines except:

Many scientists believe that the robust australopithecines changed their diets to avoid competing with the genus Homo.

In which theory for primate evolution does Matt Cartmill argue that hunting behavior in tree-dwelling primates was responsible for their enhanced visual and manual abilities?

Which site has dramatic affirmation of the early origins of bipedalism among hominins?

Australopithecus is a genus that includes as many as eight species.Which of the following is not a proposed Australopithecine species?

Bipedalism is an engineering enigma.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with this type of locomotion in the environment in which early humans developed.

What are the potential negative consequences of bipedalism?

During the Oligocene,what type of primates existed? Describe the environment and their characteristics.

Which of the following statements about chimpanzee climbing is correct?

Distinguish between the chewing apparatus of gracile and robust australopithecines.

Distinguish between an abducted and adducted big toe in primates.

Which of the following is not associated with the career of Louis Leakey?

The Essence of Anthropology

Biology, Genetics, and Evolution

Living Primates

Primate Behavior

Field Methods in Archaeology and Paleoanthropology

Origins of the Genus Homo

The Global Expansion of Homo Sapiens and Their Technology

The Neolithic Revolution: the Domestication of Plants and Animals

The Emergence of Cities and States

Modern Human Diversity: Race and Racism

Human Adaptation to a Changing World

Characteristics of Culture

Ethnographic Research: Its History, Methods, and Theories

Language and Communication

Social Identity, Personality, and Gender

Patterns of Subsistence

Economic Systems

Sex, Marriage, and Family

Kinship and Descent

Grouping by Gender, Age, Common Interest, and Social Status

Politics, Power, War, and Peace

Spirituality, Religion, and Shamanism

The Arts

Processes of Cultural Change

Global Challenges, Local Responses, and the Role of Anthropology

Filters

Exam 6: From First Primates to First Bipeds

Why do human femora (thighbones)angle toward each other from the hip to the knee ("knee-in")?

Describe the anatomical characteristics of Ardipithecus ramidus.

All of the following are characteristics of the "robust" australopithecines except:

Many scientists believe that the robust australopithecines changed their diets to avoid competing with the genus Homo.

In which theory for primate evolution does Matt Cartmill argue that hunting behavior in tree-dwelling primates was responsible for their enhanced visual and manual abilities?

Which site has dramatic affirmation of the early origins of bipedalism among hominins?

Australopithecus is a genus that includes as many as eight species.Which of the following is not a proposed Australopithecine species?

Bipedalism is an engineering enigma.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with this type of locomotion in the environment in which early humans developed.

What are the potential negative consequences of bipedalism?

During the Oligocene,what type of primates existed? Describe the environment and their characteristics.

Which of the following statements about chimpanzee climbing is correct?

Distinguish between the chewing apparatus of gracile and robust australopithecines.

Distinguish between an abducted and adducted big toe in primates.

Which of the following is not associated with the career of Louis Leakey?

The Essence of Anthropology

Biology, Genetics, and Evolution

Living Primates

Primate Behavior

Field Methods in Archaeology and Paleoanthropology

Origins of the Genus Homo

The Global Expansion of Homo Sapiens and Their Technology

The Neolithic Revolution: the Domestication of Plants and Animals

The Emergence of Cities and States

Modern Human Diversity: Race and Racism

Human Adaptation to a Changing World

Characteristics of Culture

Ethnographic Research: Its History, Methods, and Theories

Language and Communication

Social Identity, Personality, and Gender

Patterns of Subsistence

Economic Systems

Sex, Marriage, and Family

Kinship and Descent

Grouping by Gender, Age, Common Interest, and Social Status

Politics, Power, War, and Peace

Spirituality, Religion, and Shamanism

The Arts

Processes of Cultural Change

Global Challenges, Local Responses, and the Role of Anthropology

Filters