Exam 22: Critical Thinking About Research

Daniel notices that every year with a mild winter, his roses begin to bloom in February, but every year with a severe winter, his roses do not begin to bloom until April. He concludes that the severity of the winter is responsible for the month in which his roses begin to bloom. Daniel is

Refer to the information provided in Table 22.5 below to answer the question(s) that follow. Table 22.5 Aggregate Income (Y) Aggregate Consumption (C) 6 12 12 15 24 22 42 30 -Refer to Table 22.5. Which of the following consumption functions best fits the values in the table?

Suppose that a study is released stating that the more time a person spends fishing, the smaller the chance that the person is a vegetarian. This is best described as an example of

Refer to the information provided in Table 22.3 below to answer the question(s) that follow. Table 22.3 Point Aggregate Income ( ) Aggregate Consumption ( ) 15 19 30 23 C 45 27 D 60 31 E 75 35 F 90 39 The data in the table was used to estimate the following consumption function: C = 20 + 0.2Y -Refer to Table 22.3. Which of the following points is (are) the best fit for the given consumption function?

The vertical distance between any data point and a line approximating the data points is called an error.

To get potentially significant results from an experiment using a high-variation population,

Assuming the effect of a specific outcome being tested is zero is known as

Refer to the information provided in Table 22.3 below to answer the question(s) that follow. Table 22.3 Point Aggregate Income ( ) Aggregate Consumption ( ) 15 19 30 23 C 45 27 D 60 31 E 75 35 F 90 39 The data in the table was used to estimate the following consumption function: C = 20 + 0.2Y -Refer to Table 22.3. The error for point F is equal to

Refer to the information provided in Table 22.2 below to answer the question(s) that follow. Table 22.2 Point Aggregate Income (Y) Aggregate Consumption (C) 10 14 B 20 23 C 30 25 D 40 26 E 50 34 F 60 39 The data in the table was used to estimate the following consumption function: C = 12 + 0.4Y -Refer to Table 22.2. Which of the following points is (are) the best fit for the given consumption function?

Refer to the information provided in Scenario 22.3 below to answer the question(s) that follow. SCENARIO 22.3: Consider a local high school that has 300 sophomores considered to be at-risk students. A privately-sponsored after-school sports program has been established to try to help at-risk students succeed in finishing high school. The local government wants to know if this program reduces the students' probability of dropping out of high school before the end of their junior year, and decides to randomly sample 150 of the 300 at-risk sophomores and invite them to attend the after-school program at no cost. 100 students accept the invitation, and by the end of their junior year, the drop-out percentage of the 100 students who attended the program was lower than the drop-out percentage of the 200 students who did not attend the program. -Refer to Scenario 22.3. Based on the information in the scenario, the 100 students who accepted the offer to attend the after-school program is an example of

Suppose that a study is released stating that as people increase the number of times they brush their teeth each day, they increase the number of times they go to the gym each week. This is best described as an example of

Refer to the information provided in Table 22.2 below to answer the question(s) that follow. Table 22.2 Point Aggregate Income (Y) Aggregate Consumption (C) 10 14 B 20 23 C 30 25 D 40 26 E 50 34 F 60 39 The data in the table was used to estimate the following consumption function: C = 12 + 0.4Y -Refer to Table 22.2. The error for point D is equal to

Assume a study indicates that attending an SAT preparation class improved average SAT scores by 200 points. If the null hypothesis is true and the p-value for the 200 point SAT score improvement is 0.015, then there is a ________ chance of improving your SAT score by 200 points.

Refer to the information provided in Table 22.3 below to answer the question(s) that follow. Table 22.3 Point Aggregate Income ( ) Aggregate Consumption ( ) 15 19 30 23 C 45 27 D 60 31 E 75 35 F 90 39 The data in the table was used to estimate the following consumption function: C = 20 + 0.2Y -Refer to Table 22.3. The error for point D is equal to

Ravi notices that all of his neighbors who own cats are also divorced, and concludes that cat ownership must result in divorce. Ravi is

Which of the following examples would most likely be subject to selection bias?

Refer to the information provided in Table 22.2 below to answer the question(s) that follow. Table 22.2 Point Aggregate Income (Y) Aggregate Consumption (C) 10 14 B 20 23 C 30 25 D 40 26 E 50 34 F 60 39 The data in the table was used to estimate the following consumption function: C = 12 + 0.4Y -Refer to Table 22.2. The error for point F is equal to

Rolando realizes that whenever he studies for at least two hours immediately before a physics exam, he gets an A on the exam, but when he does not study immediately before an exam, he gets no higher than a C on the exam. He concludes that the time spent studying immediately before the exams is responsible for his improved grades. Rolando is

A research project is conducted by offering a randomly selected 75 of the 200 local dog owners a chance to have their dogs wear a new flea collar for three months to see if the collar reduces the incidence of fleas. 50 of the 75 randomly selected dog owners agree to the offer, and 25 of those drop out of the study before the end of the three months. Using the intention to treat method, the results from how many of the dogs that were not selected to be a part of the project should be included in the research project?

Refer to the information provided in Scenario 22.3 below to answer the question(s) that follow. SCENARIO 22.3: Consider a local high school that has 300 sophomores considered to be at-risk students. A privately-sponsored after-school sports program has been established to try to help at-risk students succeed in finishing high school. The local government wants to know if this program reduces the students' probability of dropping out of high school before the end of their junior year, and decides to randomly sample 150 of the 300 at-risk sophomores and invite them to attend the after-school program at no cost. 100 students accept the invitation, and by the end of their junior year, the drop-out percentage of the 100 students who attended the program was lower than the drop-out percentage of the 200 students who did not attend the program. -Refer to Scenario 22.3. The efficacy of this program can be best measured by comparing