Chat with AIExam 4: Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability and Corporate Governance in International Business
Which of the following behaviors of a firm can be called unethical?
(41) 
VerifiedC
Freedom Shoes (Scenario)
Freedom Shoes Inc., a sports shoe company, is considering entering into a contract with an overseas vendor to expand its production capacity. The company investigated several suppliers and found one vendor to be the most attractive in terms of cost and manufacturing efficiency. However, Freedom's managers have heard reports that the vendor operates factories with sweatshop conditions.
-Sean, a senior manager in Freedom, adheres to the relativist view regarding ethical standards. He goes by the rule, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do." Sean is most likely to agree strongly with which of the following views?
(34) VerifiedB
Explain the five different approaches to examining ethical problems. What are the difficulties that are likely to arise while using these approaches?
(37) VerifiedScholars have devised five standards that managers can use to examine ethical dilemmas.
According to the utilitarian approach, the best ethical action is the one that provides the most good or does the least harm, or, stated differently, produces the greatest balance of good over harm to customers, employees, shareholders, the community, and the natural environment.
According to the rights approach, the best action protects and respects the moral rights of everyone involved. It is based on the belief that, regardless of how one deals with an ethical dilemma, human dignity must be preserved.
The fairness approach suggests that the best action treats everyone equally and fairly. Workers should be paid a fair wage that provides a decent standard of living, and colleagues and customers should be treated as we would like to be treated.
According to the common good approach, the best action emphasizes the welfare of the entire community or nation. It asks what action contributes most to the quality of life of all affected people. Respect and compassion for all, especially the vulnerable, should be the basis for decision making.
Finally, according to the virtue approach, the best action emphasizes virtues that provide for the full development of our humanity. The most important virtues are truth, courage, compassion, generosity, tolerance, love, integrity, and prudence.
Using these approaches to analyze ethical dilemmas can be challenging because they occasionally conflict with each other. Not everyone agrees on which standard to use in all situations. Different cultures adhere to differing norms of morality and human rights and basic standards or norms of right and wrong. Many ethical dilemmas are complex and proposed approaches may not provide adequate guidance in determining the best course of action. Nevertheless, each standard is useful because it helps guide ethical behavior in almost any predicament. In most cases, they lead to similar solutions.
An international human rights organization recommends that its member countries review their human rights policies on a periodic basis to ensure that their governments are upholding ethical standards for the treatment of prisoners. Which of the following represents the most effective reasoning in support of the organization's recommendation?
(31) An individual who believes in ethical normativism is most likely to view ethical behavioral standards as ________.
(35) Acme Ethical Standards (Scenario)
Four senior managers of Acme International meet to discuss strategies for improving ethical practices in the company's worldwide operations. Jang heads the company's manufacturing division in China, while Luis and Marta are based in the Finland and U.S. sales divisions, respectively. Geoff manages the research and development office, based in Brazil.
-Who among the following managers is most likely to raise concern over the ban on advertising directed at children in his/her country?
(37) Improper ethical behavior is unlikely to result when bad means are justified by good ends.
(40) Which of the following is TRUE with regard to the rights approach?
(38) The Global Reporting Initiative (www.globalreporting.org) pioneered the development of the most widely used sustainability reporting framework.
(45) When it comes to ensuring ethical behavior, experienced managers follow a systematic process.
(36) Relying on one's instincts is often the best way to identify an ethical problem.
(46) Acme Ethical Standards (Scenario)
Four senior managers of Acme International meet to discuss strategies for improving ethical practices in the company's worldwide operations. Jang heads the company's manufacturing division in China, while Luis and Marta are based in the Finland and U.S. sales divisions, respectively. Geoff manages the research and development office, based in Brazil.
-The managers discuss various ethical problems commonly encountered in their local territories. Which of the following representatives is most likely to label counterfeiting of goods as the biggest challenge in his/her country?
(39) In a short essay, explain the five-step framework for making ethical decisions.
(34) Which of the following approaches to ethical standards for corporate governance reflects the view that the best action treats everyone equally and in a just manner?
(35) Economic interests refer to a firm's economic impact on ________.
(31) Define ethics. Provide examples of unethical behavior exhibited by firms.
(37) 
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