Question 1

A target's "gaze disengagement" tends to lead perceivers to

Accepted Answer

A) believe that a target is overly confident. 
B) rate a target as more physically attractive. 
C) have difficulty forming an accurate impression of a target. 
D) form a negative impression of a target. 
A) believe that a target is overly confident. 
B) rate a target as more physically attractive. 
C) have difficulty forming an accurate impression of a target. 
D) form a negative impression of a target.

Question 2

In the Jones and Harris (1967)study,participants read essays presumably written by another student that had either been assigned or chose to write in support of a particular position.Which statement is consistent with the findings of this study?

Accepted Answer

A) Participants were more likely to infer the student's attitude from the essay if they believed it was a chosen topic rather than assigned. 
B) Participants were more likely to infer the student's attitude from the essay if they believed it was an assigned topic rather than chosen. 
C) Participants were more likely to infer the student's attitude from the essay if it agreed with their own. 
D) Participants did not infer the student's attitude from the essay at all if it was an assigned topic. 
A) Participants were more likely to infer the student's attitude from the essay if they believed it was a chosen topic rather than assigned. 
B) Participants were more likely to infer the student's attitude from the essay if they believed it was an assigned topic rather than chosen. 
C) Participants were more likely to infer the student's attitude from the essay if it agreed with their own. 
D) Participants did not infer the student's attitude from the essay at all if it was an assigned topic.

Question 3

Based on Ekman and O'Sullivan's (1991)research,who would be the most likely to accurately detect when another individual was lying?

Accepted Answer

A) a local police investigator 
B) a trial judge 
C) a psychiatrist 
D) a U.S.Secret Service agent 
A) a local police investigator 
B) a trial judge 
C) a psychiatrist 
D) a U.S.Secret Service agent

Question 4

Colin and Erin are waiting to meet with their caterer so that they can discuss the menu for their wedding.The______________caterer is 30 minutes late and still hasn't arrived.Colin suggests that the caterer is probably delayed because of traffic.Erin suggests that the caterer is probably disorganized and unreliable.Colin is making a(n)______________attribution,whereas Erin is making a(n)______________attribution.

Accepted Answer

A) dispositional;situational 
B) situational;personal 
C) expected;unexpected 
D) correspondent;dispositional 
A) dispositional;situational 
B) situational;personal 
C) expected;unexpected 
D) correspondent;dispositional

Question 5

While on an airplane,John completes a crossword puzzle in which interrupt,rude,and blunt are all answers.After landing,John gets in line to speak to someone at the ticket counter,but the ticket agent does not notice him because he is too busy talking with another employee.Research on priming suggests that John will be likely to

Accepted Answer

A) leave and get in line at another gate to ask his question. 
B) interrupt the ticket agent,whom he judges to be quite rude. 
C) wait patiently until the agent finishes his conversation. 
D) forget about asking his question and go look for something to eat. 
A) leave and get in line at another gate to ask his question. 
B) interrupt the ticket agent,whom he judges to be quite rude. 
C) wait patiently until the agent finishes his conversation. 
D) forget about asking his question and go look for something to eat.

Question 6

The base-rate fallacy reflects

Accepted Answer

A) a failure to use consensus information. 
B) a failure to use consistency information. 
C) the actor-observer effect. 
D) an excessive reliance on situational attributions. 
A) a failure to use consensus information. 
B) a failure to use consistency information. 
C) the actor-observer effect. 
D) an excessive reliance on situational attributions.

Question 7

Believing that poor people are happier than others,or that obese people are more sociable,helps to satisfy

Accepted Answer

A) belief perseverance. 
B) belief in a just world. 
C) the self-fulfilling prophecy. 
D) the false-consensus effect. 
A) belief perseverance. 
B) belief in a just world. 
C) the self-fulfilling prophecy. 
D) the false-consensus effect.

Question 8

In Kahneman's (2011)work on judgment and decision making,System 1 is to______________as System 2 is to______________.

Accepted Answer

A) easy;controlled 
B) controlled;easy 
C) accurate;inaccurate 
D) inaccurate;accurate 
A) easy;controlled 
B) controlled;easy 
C) accurate;inaccurate 
D) inaccurate;accurate

Question 9

Research on perception of complex action,such as athletic activity,indicates that compared to people who break the event up into gross units,those who break the event up into fine units tend to

Accepted Answer

A) remember more details about the event. 
B) lose sight of the big-picture outcome of the event. 
C) rely more on the expectations of others in evaluating the event. 
D) enjoy their observation of the event more. 
A) remember more details about the event. 
B) lose sight of the big-picture outcome of the event. 
C) rely more on the expectations of others in evaluating the event. 
D) enjoy their observation of the event more.

Question 10

While watching a political debate on television,Martha,who describes herself as very conservative,is watching as the liberal candidate answers a question.When the candidate makes strong points that are backed up by logic,______________Martha rolls her eyes and doesn't say a word.When the candidate makes one minor error,Martha yells,"See I told you she doesn't know what she's talking about.All of those liberals are idiots!" Martha is demonstrating the

Accepted Answer

A) need for closure. 
B) availability heuristic. 
C) self-serving bias. 
D) confirmation bias. 
A) need for closure. 
B) availability heuristic. 
C) self-serving bias. 
D) confirmation bias.

Question 11

Denrell's (2005)explanation for the persistence of negative first impressions is that when we meet someone and do not like them,we tend to reduce the opportunity for future interaction,which allows the first impression to remain stable and relatively crystallized.This notion is called

Accepted Answer

A) biased experience sampling. 
B) the fundamental attribution error. 
C) the availability heuristic. 
D) mind perception. 
A) biased experience sampling. 
B) the fundamental attribution error. 
C) the availability heuristic. 
D) mind perception.

Question 12

The finding that moderately positive traits can dilute the impact of extremely positive traits on impressions is most consistent with the

Accepted Answer

A) role of central traits in impression formation. 
B) influence of priming effects in impression formation. 
C) averaging model of impression formation. 
D) summation model of impression formation. 
A) role of central traits in impression formation. 
B) influence of priming effects in impression formation. 
C) averaging model of impression formation. 
D) summation model of impression formation.

Question 13

Explain the information integration theory of impression formation,and describe at least two potential ways in which humans deviate from its proposed arithmetic.

Accepted Answer

Information integration theory suggests

Question 14

Suppose an experiment was conducted where people were asked to watch a political debate between two candidates that had been previously judged by political pundits to have been a tie.Half of the participants saw a videotape of the debate where the camera focused on candidate A.The other half of the participants saw a videotape of the debate where the camera focused on candidate B.It is likely that

Accepted Answer

A) the majority of the participants declared the debate a tie. 
B) both groups saw candidate A as victorious. 
C) the group that viewed candidate A thought she was victorious,whereas the group that viewed candidate B thought he was victorious. 
D) the group that viewed candidate A thought candidate B was victorious,whereas the group that viewed candidate B thought candidate A was victorious. 
A) the majority of the participants declared the debate a tie. 
B) both groups saw candidate A as victorious. 
C) the group that viewed candidate A thought she was victorious,whereas the group that viewed candidate B thought he was victorious. 
D) the group that viewed candidate A thought candidate B was victorious,whereas the group that viewed candidate B thought candidate A was victorious.

Question 15

Miller (1984)examined the attributions of American and Asian Indian participants and found that

Accepted Answer

A) no cultural differences emerged with young children,but among adults,Americans were more likely to make personal attributions,and Indians were more likely to make situational attributions. 
B) no cultural differences emerged with young children,but among adults,Americans were more likely to make situational attributions,and Indians were more likely to make personal attributions. 
C) among young children,Americans were more likely to make personal attributions,and Indians were more likely to make situational attributions;no cultural differences emerged with adult participants. 
D) among young children,Americans were more likely to make situational attributions,and Indians were more likely to make personal attributions;no cultural differences emerged with adult participants. 
A) no cultural differences emerged with young children,but among adults,Americans were more likely to make personal attributions,and Indians were more likely to make situational attributions. 
B) no cultural differences emerged with young children,but among adults,Americans were more likely to make situational attributions,and Indians were more likely to make personal attributions. 
C) among young children,Americans were more likely to make personal attributions,and Indians were more likely to make situational attributions;no cultural differences emerged with adult participants. 
D) among young children,Americans were more likely to make situational attributions,and Indians were more likely to make personal attributions;no cultural differences emerged with adult participants.

Question 16

Lindy is trying to decide whether or not Marisa's behavior is dispositional.If Lindy relies on correspondent inference theory,she would consider all of the following factors except

Accepted Answer

A) whether Marisa freely chose the behavior. 
B) whether Marisa knew she was being observed during the behavior. 
C) if Marisa's behavior was expected given the situation. 
D) the intended consequences of Marisa's behavior. 
A) whether Marisa freely chose the behavior. 
B) whether Marisa knew she was being observed during the behavior. 
C) if Marisa's behavior was expected given the situation. 
D) the intended consequences of Marisa's behavior.

Question 17

Imagine that you are grading the exams of two students,Michael and Fredo.They both get only half the questions correct.However,Michael gets most of his questions right on the first half of the test,whereas Fredo gets most of his questions right on the last half of the test.According to Asch's work on primacy effects in impression formation,you would be likely to conclude that

Accepted Answer

A) Michael is smarter than Fredo. 
B) Fredo is smarter than Michael. 
C) Michael and Fredo are equally unintelligent. 
D) Michael became overconfident while taking the exam. 
A) Michael is smarter than Fredo. 
B) Fredo is smarter than Michael. 
C) Michael and Fredo are equally unintelligent. 
D) Michael became overconfident while taking the exam.

Question 18

Which reflects the primary question underlying the correspondent inference theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Do attributions correspond with pre-existing beliefs? 
B) Does an individual's beliefs correspond with that individual's behavior? 
C) Does an observer infer that an actor's behavior is consistent with the actor's personality? 
D) Does an observer infer that an actor's behavior is consistent with that of the observer? 
A) Do attributions correspond with pre-existing beliefs? 
B) Does an individual's beliefs correspond with that individual's behavior? 
C) Does an observer infer that an actor's behavior is consistent with the actor's personality? 
D) Does an observer infer that an actor's behavior is consistent with that of the observer?

Question 19

Willis and Todorov (2006)showed college students photos of strangers' faces and found that

Accepted Answer

A) participants were unable to rate the personality of the individuals in the photos when they only saw the faces for less than one second. 
B) even when they saw the photos for less than one second,participants' ratings of the faces were highly correlated with the ratings of others who looked at the faces without time limits. 
C) participants who only saw the faces for less than one second rated the faces as possessing more negative traits than others who were allowed to look at the faces for as long as they wanted to. 
D) the longer it took participants to rate each face,the more accurate their ratings were. 
A) participants were unable to rate the personality of the individuals in the photos when they only saw the faces for less than one second. 
B) even when they saw the photos for less than one second,participants' ratings of the faces were highly correlated with the ratings of others who looked at the faces without time limits. 
C) participants who only saw the faces for less than one second rated the faces as possessing more negative traits than others who were allowed to look at the faces for as long as they wanted to. 
D) the longer it took participants to rate each face,the more accurate their ratings were.

Question 20

Stephon knows someone whose brother received a very lucrative contract to play professional basketball for the National Basketball Association (NBA).With this success story in mind,he ignores the statistics that indicate a very low probability that anyone will make it to the NBA and overestimates his own chances of making it.This scenario best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) the covariation principle. 
B) the base-rate fallacy. 
C) non-correspondent inferences. 
D) the actor-observer effect. 
A) the covariation principle. 
B) the base-rate fallacy. 
C) non-correspondent inferences. 
D) the actor-observer effect.

A target's "gaze disengagement" tends to lead perceivers to

In the Jones and Harris (1967)study,participants read essays presumably written by another student that had either been assigned or chose to write in support of a particular position.Which statement is consistent with the findings of this study?

Based on Ekman and O'Sullivan's (1991)research,who would be the most likely to accurately detect when another individual was lying?

The base-rate fallacy reflects

Believing that poor people are happier than others,or that obese people are more sociable,helps to satisfy

In Kahneman's (2011)work on judgment and decision making,System 1 is toas System 2 is to.

Research on perception of complex action,such as athletic activity,indicates that compared to people who break the event up into gross units,those who break the event up into fine units tend to

Denrell's (2005)explanation for the persistence of negative first impressions is that when we meet someone and do not like them,we tend to reduce the opportunity for future interaction,which allows the first impression to remain stable and relatively crystallized.This notion is called

The finding that moderately positive traits can dilute the impact of extremely positive traits on impressions is most consistent with the

Explain the information integration theory of impression formation,and describe at least two potential ways in which humans deviate from its proposed arithmetic.

Miller (1984)examined the attributions of American and Asian Indian participants and found that

Lindy is trying to decide whether or not Marisa's behavior is dispositional.If Lindy relies on correspondent inference theory,she would consider all of the following factors except

Which reflects the primary question underlying the correspondent inference theory?

Willis and Todorov (2006)showed college students photos of strangers' faces and found that

What Is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health

Filters

Exam 4: Perceiving Persons

A target's "gaze disengagement" tends to lead perceivers to

In the Jones and Harris (1967)study,participants read essays presumably written by another student that had either been assigned or chose to write in support of a particular position.Which statement is consistent with the findings of this study?

Based on Ekman and O'Sullivan's (1991)research,who would be the most likely to accurately detect when another individual was lying?

The base-rate fallacy reflects

Believing that poor people are happier than others,or that obese people are more sociable,helps to satisfy

In Kahneman's (2011)work on judgment and decision making,System 1 is to______________as System 2 is to______________.

Research on perception of complex action,such as athletic activity,indicates that compared to people who break the event up into gross units,those who break the event up into fine units tend to

Denrell's (2005)explanation for the persistence of negative first impressions is that when we meet someone and do not like them,we tend to reduce the opportunity for future interaction,which allows the first impression to remain stable and relatively crystallized.This notion is called

The finding that moderately positive traits can dilute the impact of extremely positive traits on impressions is most consistent with the

Explain the information integration theory of impression formation,and describe at least two potential ways in which humans deviate from its proposed arithmetic.

Miller (1984)examined the attributions of American and Asian Indian participants and found that

Lindy is trying to decide whether or not Marisa's behavior is dispositional.If Lindy relies on correspondent inference theory,she would consider all of the following factors except

Which reflects the primary question underlying the correspondent inference theory?

Willis and Todorov (2006)showed college students photos of strangers' faces and found that

What Is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health

Filters

In Kahneman's (2011)work on judgment and decision making,System 1 is toas System 2 is to.