Question 1

Which statement provides the best example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Accepted Answer

A) when poor school children are expected to perform less well than wealthy school children 
B) when an athlete visualizes a superior performance and then goes out and actually wins 
C) when minority candidates perform more poorly in interviews because interviewers act on their expectations that these candidates are unprepared 
D) when people focus on the first information they have about another individual when making an impression 
A) when poor school children are expected to perform less well than wealthy school children 
B) when an athlete visualizes a superior performance and then goes out and actually wins 
C) when minority candidates perform more poorly in interviews because interviewers act on their expectations that these candidates are unprepared 
D) when people focus on the first information they have about another individual when making an impression

Question 2

The process by which people attribute humanlike mental states to various animate and inanimate objects,including other people,is called

Accepted Answer

A) belief perseverance. 
B) social perception. 
C) nonverbal behavior. 
D) mind perception. 
A) belief perseverance. 
B) social perception. 
C) nonverbal behavior. 
D) mind perception.

Question 3

Which research finding is most consistent with Darwin's hypothesis that the ability to interpret emotion from facial expressions has survival value?

Accepted Answer

A) People are quicker to recognize angry faces than happy faces. 
B) People are better able to interpret emotions from video than still pictures. 
C) People are able to identify six primary emotions. 
D) People sometimes infer emotions from situations rather than facial expressions. 
A) People are quicker to recognize angry faces than happy faces. 
B) People are better able to interpret emotions from video than still pictures. 
C) People are able to identify six primary emotions. 
D) People sometimes infer emotions from situations rather than facial expressions.

Question 4

One way of defending our belief in a just world when we observe a victim suffering is to

Accepted Answer

A) identify strongly with the victim. 
B) disparage the victim. 
C) disparage the oppressor. 
D) fear our own suffering in the future. 
A) identify strongly with the victim. 
B) disparage the victim. 
C) disparage the oppressor. 
D) fear our own suffering in the future.

Question 5

According to Medvec and Savitsky's (1997)research on counterfactual thinking among Olympic medalists,which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Bronze and silver medalists are equally likely to think "What if I had won the gold?" 
B) Silver medalists are happier with their standing than bronze medalists,because silver medalists think about how they could have done worse and received the bronze. 
C) Silver medalists are less happy with their standing than bronze medalists,because silver medalists think about how they could have done better and won the gold. 
D) Bronze medalists are more envious of silver medalists than of gold medalists. 
A) Bronze and silver medalists are equally likely to think "What if I had won the gold?" 
B) Silver medalists are happier with their standing than bronze medalists,because silver medalists think about how they could have done worse and received the bronze. 
C) Silver medalists are less happy with their standing than bronze medalists,because silver medalists think about how they could have done better and won the gold. 
D) Bronze medalists are more envious of silver medalists than of gold medalists.

Question 6

The study of social perception addresses all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) how people explain and analyze the behavior of others. 
B) how people form coherent impressions of others. 
C) the strategies people use to create a positive self-image. 
D) the way that expectations can distort reality. 
A) how people explain and analyze the behavior of others. 
B) how people form coherent impressions of others. 
C) the strategies people use to create a positive self-image. 
D) the way that expectations can distort reality.

Question 7

According to the two-step model of the attribution process,people make an

Accepted Answer

A) automatic first step of weighing situational and personal attributions equally,and then an effortful second step of considering the initial inference. 
B) automatic first step of making a personal attribution,and then an effortful second step of considering situational factors. 
C) effortful first step of weighing situational and personal attributions equally,and then an automatic second step of making a dispositional inference. 
D) automatic first step of making a situational attribution,and then an effortful second step of considering personal factors. 
A) automatic first step of weighing situational and personal attributions equally,and then an effortful second step of considering the initial inference. 
B) automatic first step of making a personal attribution,and then an effortful second step of considering situational factors. 
C) effortful first step of weighing situational and personal attributions equally,and then an automatic second step of making a dispositional inference. 
D) automatic first step of making a situational attribution,and then an effortful second step of considering personal factors.

Question 8

A network of assumptions that people make about the relationships among traits and behaviors is called

Accepted Answer

A) implicit personality theory. 
B) information integration theory. 
C) a self-fulfilling prophecy. 
D) the confirmation bias. 
A) implicit personality theory. 
B) information integration theory. 
C) a self-fulfilling prophecy. 
D) the confirmation bias.

Question 9

Negative information about a target

Accepted Answer

A) cannot be primed. 
B) weighs less heavily on the brain than positive information. 
C) is typically ignored by perceivers younger than 10 years old. 
D) causes electrical activity in different areas of the brain than positive or neutral information. 
A) cannot be primed. 
B) weighs less heavily on the brain than positive information. 
C) is typically ignored by perceivers younger than 10 years old. 
D) causes electrical activity in different areas of the brain than positive or neutral information.

Question 10

According to the covariation principle,a situational attribution is most likely to result when consistency is______________,consensus is______________,and distinctiveness is______________.

Accepted Answer

A) low;low;low 
B) low;high;high 
C) high;low;low 
D) high;high;high 
A) low;low;low 
B) low;high;high 
C) high;low;low 
D) high;high;high

Question 11

As social perceivers,people's impressions of others are

Accepted Answer

A) formed only after knowing the person for a considerable period of time. 
B) uninfluenced by superficial attributes of a person. 
C) formed at first encounter and completely unchangeable. 
D) influenced by the physical appearance of a person. 
A) formed only after knowing the person for a considerable period of time. 
B) uninfluenced by superficial attributes of a person. 
C) formed at first encounter and completely unchangeable. 
D) influenced by the physical appearance of a person.

Question 12

Priming refers to the tendency

Accepted Answer

A) to infer unknown personality characteristics on the basis of known dispositions. 
B) for recently used concepts to come to mind easily and influence the interpretation of new information. 
C) for people to underutilize target characteristics and rely on their own traits when forming impressions of others. 
D) to continue to believe pre-existing impressions even after they are discredited. 
A) to infer unknown personality characteristics on the basis of known dispositions. 
B) for recently used concepts to come to mind easily and influence the interpretation of new information. 
C) for people to underutilize target characteristics and rely on their own traits when forming impressions of others. 
D) to continue to believe pre-existing impressions even after they are discredited.

Question 13

Britney wonders if she would have been happier had she married Justin instead of Kevin.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) counterfactual thinking. 
B) the fundamental attribution error. 
C) the availability heuristic. 
D) false-consensus bias. 
A) counterfactual thinking. 
B) the fundamental attribution error. 
C) the availability heuristic. 
D) false-consensus bias.

Question 14

People most often and easily differentiate each other based on which dimension?

Accepted Answer

A) warm vs.cold 
B) introvert vs.extrovert 
C) kind vs.mean 
D) positive vs.negative 
A) warm vs.cold 
B) introvert vs.extrovert 
C) kind vs.mean 
D) positive vs.negative

Question 15

Hassin and Trope's (2000)study of physiognomy found that participants assigned traits to others based on their

Accepted Answer

A) hair style. 
B) facial features. 
C) perceived age. 
D) perceived race. 
A) hair style. 
B) facial features. 
C) perceived age. 
D) perceived race.

Question 16

Which statement best describes our current state of knowledge regarding social perception?

Accepted Answer

A) People frequently make errors judging others and are rarely accurate in impression formation. 
B) People frequently exhibit bias in their perceptions of others.However,their biases do not necessarily result in inaccurate impression formation. 
C) People frequently exhibit bias in their perceptions of others.Such bias results in inaccurate impression formation. 
D) People infrequently exhibit bias and,as a result,rarely make errors in impression formation. 
A) People frequently make errors judging others and are rarely accurate in impression formation. 
B) People frequently exhibit bias in their perceptions of others.However,their biases do not necessarily result in inaccurate impression formation. 
C) People frequently exhibit bias in their perceptions of others.Such bias results in inaccurate impression formation. 
D) People infrequently exhibit bias and,as a result,rarely make errors in impression formation.

Question 17

A group of theories that describe how people explain the causes of behavior is known as

Accepted Answer

A) attribution theory. 
B) correspondent inference theory. 
C) information integration theory. 
D) the just-world model. 
A) attribution theory. 
B) correspondent inference theory. 
C) information integration theory. 
D) the just-world model.

Question 18

Darley and Gross (1983)conducted a study in which they asked participants to evaluate the intellectual ability of a nine-year-old named "Hannah." Some participants were led to believe that she came from a high socioeconomic (SES)background;others were led to believe she came from a low SES background.Which statement about this study is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Only for perceivers who actually met the target (i.e. ,Hannah)in person did expectation influence perceptions. 
B) Perceivers' expectations determined the way they behaved toward the target,which in turn influenced the target's behavior. 
C) Perceivers' expectations led them to fail to notice clear limitations of the target's actual performance. 
D) Perceivers' expectations affected their perceptions of the target's performance,even when that performance was identical across conditions. 
A) Only for perceivers who actually met the target (i.e. ,Hannah)in person did expectation influence perceptions. 
B) Perceivers' expectations determined the way they behaved toward the target,which in turn influenced the target's behavior. 
C) Perceivers' expectations led them to fail to notice clear limitations of the target's actual performance. 
D) Perceivers' expectations affected their perceptions of the target's performance,even when that performance was identical across conditions.

Question 19

Scripts are often culture-specific.This means that

Accepted Answer

A) there is a great deal of agreement about the order of events across cultures. 
B) the ability to execute the script is related to experience. 
C) the more general the script,the greater cross-cultural consistency it has. 
D) the same behaviors may be perceived very differently in different cultures. 
A) there is a great deal of agreement about the order of events across cultures. 
B) the ability to execute the script is related to experience. 
C) the more general the script,the greater cross-cultural consistency it has. 
D) the same behaviors may be perceived very differently in different cultures.

Question 20

The importance of nonverbal behavior to social perception can be seen by the fact that e-mail messages

Accepted Answer

A) are often misinterpreted,especially when the writer is trying to be funny or sarcastic. 
B) have a stronger emotional impact on those who read them than do voicemail messages. 
C) are typically substantially longer and more richly detailed than text messages. 
D) are the preferred means of communication among younger but not older Americans. 
A) are often misinterpreted,especially when the writer is trying to be funny or sarcastic. 
B) have a stronger emotional impact on those who read them than do voicemail messages. 
C) are typically substantially longer and more richly detailed than text messages. 
D) are the preferred means of communication among younger but not older Americans.

Which statement provides the best example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

The process by which people attribute humanlike mental states to various animate and inanimate objects,including other people,is called

Which research finding is most consistent with Darwin's hypothesis that the ability to interpret emotion from facial expressions has survival value?

One way of defending our belief in a just world when we observe a victim suffering is to

According to Medvec and Savitsky's (1997)research on counterfactual thinking among Olympic medalists,which of the following is true?

The study of social perception addresses all of the following except

According to the two-step model of the attribution process,people make an

A network of assumptions that people make about the relationships among traits and behaviors is called

Negative information about a target

According to the covariation principle,a situational attribution is most likely to result when consistency is,consensus is,and distinctiveness is__.

As social perceivers,people's impressions of others are

Priming refers to the tendency

Britney wonders if she would have been happier had she married Justin instead of Kevin.This illustrates

People most often and easily differentiate each other based on which dimension?

Hassin and Trope's (2000)study of physiognomy found that participants assigned traits to others based on their

Which statement best describes our current state of knowledge regarding social perception?

A group of theories that describe how people explain the causes of behavior is known as

Scripts are often culture-specific.This means that

The importance of nonverbal behavior to social perception can be seen by the fact that e-mail messages

What Is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health

Filters

Exam 4: Perceiving Persons

Which statement provides the best example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

The process by which people attribute humanlike mental states to various animate and inanimate objects,including other people,is called

Which research finding is most consistent with Darwin's hypothesis that the ability to interpret emotion from facial expressions has survival value?

One way of defending our belief in a just world when we observe a victim suffering is to

According to Medvec and Savitsky's (1997)research on counterfactual thinking among Olympic medalists,which of the following is true?

The study of social perception addresses all of the following except

According to the two-step model of the attribution process,people make an

A network of assumptions that people make about the relationships among traits and behaviors is called

Negative information about a target

According to the covariation principle,a situational attribution is most likely to result when consistency is______________,consensus is______________,and distinctiveness is______________.

As social perceivers,people's impressions of others are

Priming refers to the tendency

Britney wonders if she would have been happier had she married Justin instead of Kevin.This illustrates

People most often and easily differentiate each other based on which dimension?

Hassin and Trope's (2000)study of physiognomy found that participants assigned traits to others based on their

Which statement best describes our current state of knowledge regarding social perception?

A group of theories that describe how people explain the causes of behavior is known as

Scripts are often culture-specific.This means that

The importance of nonverbal behavior to social perception can be seen by the fact that e-mail messages

What Is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health

Filters

According to the covariation principle,a situational attribution is most likely to result when consistency is,consensus is,and distinctiveness is__.