Question 1

Which of the following is not a type of experimental replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  direct replication 
B)  indirect replication 
C)  systematic replication 
D)  conceptual replication 
A)  direct replication 
B)  indirect replication 
C)  systematic replication 
D)  conceptual replication B

Question 2

Scale attenuation problems might best be overcome by:

Accepted Answer

A)  making a hard task harder 
B)  making an easy task easier 
C)  using counterbalancing 
D)  conducting pilot research to know how to adjust task difficulty 
A)  making a hard task harder 
B)  making an easy task easier 
C)  using counterbalancing 
D)  conducting pilot research to know how to adjust task difficulty D

Question 3

Direct replication of an experiment involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  repeating the original experiment with slight changes in the participant population 
B)  repeating aspects of the original experiment,but changing likely irrelevant variables 
C)  demonstrating the phenomenon with a new paradigm or set of experimental operations 
D)  repeating the original experiment with the original participants 
A)  repeating the original experiment with slight changes in the participant population 
B)  repeating aspects of the original experiment,but changing likely irrelevant variables 
C)  demonstrating the phenomenon with a new paradigm or set of experimental operations 
D)  repeating the original experiment with the original participants A

Question 4

Why does regression to the mean frequently occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Experimenters take multiple measures of behavior. 
B)  Assignment of participants is often based on factors that are not under experimenter control. 
C)  Experimenters prefer to randomly assign participants to conditions. 
D)  Scale attenuation effects are unavoidable. 
A)  Experimenters take multiple measures of behavior. 
B)  Assignment of participants is often based on factors that are not under experimenter control. 
C)  Experimenters prefer to randomly assign participants to conditions. 
D)  Scale attenuation effects are unavoidable.

Question 5

Assume that you cast a die 10 times,and the average of all the numbers that are obtained is 5.What condition below should you expect to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  The average score should be 2 for the next 10 rolls. 
B)  The die must be weighted.You would not obtain the same average score using a standard die. 
C)  The average score should be closer to 3.5 after 1,000 rolls. 
D)  The same average score (5)should be expected regardless of how many times the die is cast. 
A)  The average score should be 2 for the next 10 rolls. 
B)  The die must be weighted.You would not obtain the same average score using a standard die. 
C)  The average score should be closer to 3.5 after 1,000 rolls. 
D)  The same average score (5)should be expected regardless of how many times the die is cast.

Question 6

The best conclusion about the Head Start studies is that the program does not work.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Kinzel found that violent prisoners have:

Accepted Answer

A)  larger personal space bubbles than nonviolent prisoners 
B)  smaller personal space bubbles than nonviolent prisoners 
C)  smaller personal space bubbles than non-prisoners 
D)  a larger personal space area in the front than behind 
A)  larger personal space bubbles than nonviolent prisoners 
B)  smaller personal space bubbles than nonviolent prisoners 
C)  smaller personal space bubbles than non-prisoners 
D)  a larger personal space area in the front than behind

Question 8

Assume that Professor X has decided to conduct a quasi-experiment where students are assigned to an experimental type of class instruction based on their performance on this final exam.(To qualify for participation,students must either score above 90 percent or below 60 percent).Which problem would be most likely to interfere with the ultimate conclusion that student ability influenced the effectiveness of the instruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  regression to the mean 
B)  measured differences between the groups of students 
C)  the scale attenuation problem 
D)  interactions between matched variables 
A)  regression to the mean 
B)  measured differences between the groups of students 
C)  the scale attenuation problem 
D)  interactions between matched variables

Question 9

Reliable measures do not show regression to the mean.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Einstellung refers to the tendency of people who are trying to solve a problem:

Accepted Answer

A)  not to use a functional object in an unusual way 
B)  to waste a lot of time looking for the most efficient solution to the problem 
C)  to repeat a previously successful strategy 
D)  not to use a strategy more than once 
A)  not to use a functional object in an unusual way 
B)  to waste a lot of time looking for the most efficient solution to the problem 
C)  to repeat a previously successful strategy 
D)  not to use a strategy more than once

Question 11

The problem of regression artifacts:

Accepted Answer

A)  refers to research results produced by statistical regression 
B)  is based on the fact that any individual score will approach the mean of the group across repeated tests 
C)  only occurs when there are no population differences among the participants 
D)  cannot influence the outcome of an experiment when a single test score is used as a basis for assigning participants to conditions. 
A)  refers to research results produced by statistical regression 
B)  is based on the fact that any individual score will approach the mean of the group across repeated tests 
C)  only occurs when there are no population differences among the participants 
D)  cannot influence the outcome of an experiment when a single test score is used as a basis for assigning participants to conditions.

Question 12

The procedure of converging operations is quite similar to:

Accepted Answer

A)  direct replication 
B)  indirect replication 
C)  systematic replication 
D)  conceptual replication 
A)  direct replication 
B)  indirect replication 
C)  systematic replication 
D)  conceptual replication

Question 13

Converging operations are important in psychology because:

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent reliability is established 
B)  clear definitions are necessary for communication 
C)  they serve to eliminate alternative explanations of a phenomenon 
D)  they usually eliminate regression artifacts 
A)  convergent reliability is established 
B)  clear definitions are necessary for communication 
C)  they serve to eliminate alternative explanations of a phenomenon 
D)  they usually eliminate regression artifacts

Question 14

Experimental reliability may be established by:

Accepted Answer

A)  control over possible confounding variables 
B)  use of operational definitions 
C)  conducting parallel forms of the experiment 
D)  replication with an additional sample of similar participants 
E)  correlating one half of the experiment with the other 
A)  control over possible confounding variables 
B)  use of operational definitions 
C)  conducting parallel forms of the experiment 
D)  replication with an additional sample of similar participants 
E)  correlating one half of the experiment with the other

Question 15

The issue of scale attenuation in the dependent variable refers to the problems of interpretation when performance is:

Accepted Answer

A)  nearly perfect 
B)  around the mean 
C)  neither perfect nor poor 
D)  either nearly perfect or very poor 
A)  nearly perfect 
B)  around the mean 
C)  neither perfect nor poor 
D)  either nearly perfect or very poor

Question 16

The drinking fountain experiment on personal space is best considered as a(n)____ ____ of the prisoner experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  partial replication 
B)  direct replication 
C)  systematic replication 
D)  conceptual replication 
A)  partial replication 
B)  direct replication 
C)  systematic replication 
D)  conceptual replication

Question 17

Yonelinas et al.(2002)could not conclude that medial temporal lobe damage disrupted the conscious retrieval of past events because:

Accepted Answer

A)  recall and recognition performance was identical 
B)  floor effects were observed for participants with brain damage 
C)  recognition performance was nearly perfect regardless of whether or not participants had temporal lobe damage 
D)  recall performance was identical for individuals with and without temporal lobe damage 
A)  recall and recognition performance was identical 
B)  floor effects were observed for participants with brain damage 
C)  recognition performance was nearly perfect regardless of whether or not participants had temporal lobe damage 
D)  recall performance was identical for individuals with and without temporal lobe damage

Question 18

Confidence in the reliability of an experimental result increases when:

Accepted Answer

A)  the same conclusion is reached using a different method 
B)  the experiment is repeated 
C)  the experiment is based on a small number of observations 
D)  the finding disappears upon the controlled manipulation of a potentially irrelevant variable 
A)  the same conclusion is reached using a different method 
B)  the experiment is repeated 
C)  the experiment is based on a small number of observations 
D)  the finding disappears upon the controlled manipulation of a potentially irrelevant variable

Question 19

The notion that we have an invisible bubble protecting us from invasion is called personal space.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A concept defined by converging operations is unlikely to be altered as additional evidence continues to be acquired on the given research topic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which of the following is not a type of experimental replication?

Scale attenuation problems might best be overcome by:

Direct replication of an experiment involves:

Why does regression to the mean frequently occur?

Assume that you cast a die 10 times,and the average of all the numbers that are obtained is 5.What condition below should you expect to occur?

The best conclusion about the Head Start studies is that the program does not work.

Kinzel found that violent prisoners have:

Reliable measures do not show regression to the mean.

Einstellung refers to the tendency of people who are trying to solve a problem:

The problem of regression artifacts:

The procedure of converging operations is quite similar to:

Converging operations are important in psychology because:

Experimental reliability may be established by:

The issue of scale attenuation in the dependent variable refers to the problems of interpretation when performance is:

The drinking fountain experiment on personal space is best considered as a(n) of the prisoner experiment.

Yonelinas et al.(2002)could not conclude that medial temporal lobe damage disrupted the conscious retrieval of past events because:

Confidence in the reliability of an experimental result increases when:

The notion that we have an invisible bubble protecting us from invasion is called personal space.

A concept defined by converging operations is unlikely to be altered as additional evidence continues to be acquired on the given research topic.

Overview of Psychological Research

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Exploring the Literature of Psychology

Conducting Ethical Research

Observations in Psychological Research

Relational Research

Basics of Experimentation

Validity and Reliability in Psychological Research

Experimental Design

Complex Design

Small-N Experimentation

Quasi-Experimentation

Presenting Research Results

Appendices a and B Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Filters

Exam 13: Interpreting the Results of Research

Which of the following is not a type of experimental replication?

Scale attenuation problems might best be overcome by:

Direct replication of an experiment involves:

Why does regression to the mean frequently occur?

Assume that you cast a die 10 times,and the average of all the numbers that are obtained is 5.What condition below should you expect to occur?

The best conclusion about the Head Start studies is that the program does not work.

Kinzel found that violent prisoners have:

Reliable measures do not show regression to the mean.

Einstellung refers to the tendency of people who are trying to solve a problem:

The problem of regression artifacts:

The procedure of converging operations is quite similar to:

Converging operations are important in psychology because:

Experimental reliability may be established by:

The issue of scale attenuation in the dependent variable refers to the problems of interpretation when performance is:

The drinking fountain experiment on personal space is best considered as a(n)____ ____ of the prisoner experiment.

Yonelinas et al.(2002)could not conclude that medial temporal lobe damage disrupted the conscious retrieval of past events because:

Confidence in the reliability of an experimental result increases when:

The notion that we have an invisible bubble protecting us from invasion is called personal space.

A concept defined by converging operations is unlikely to be altered as additional evidence continues to be acquired on the given research topic.

Overview of Psychological Research

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Exploring the Literature of Psychology

Conducting Ethical Research

Observations in Psychological Research

Relational Research

Basics of Experimentation

Validity and Reliability in Psychological Research

Experimental Design

Complex Design

Small-N Experimentation

Quasi-Experimentation

Presenting Research Results

Appendices a and B Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Filters

The drinking fountain experiment on personal space is best considered as a(n) of the prisoner experiment.