Question 1

Deductive reasoning leads to ______ conclusions,while inductive reasoning leads to ______ conclusions.

Accepted Answer

A) certain;probabilistic 
B) probabilistic;certain 
C) certain;certain 
D) probabilistic;probabilistic 
A) certain;probabilistic 
B) probabilistic;certain 
C) certain;certain 
D) probabilistic;probabilistic A

Question 2

The case study of Phineas Gage implicated which brain region in reasoning and decision making?

Accepted Answer

A) parietal lobe 
B) prefrontal cortex 
C) cerebellum 
D) amygdala 
A) parietal lobe 
B) prefrontal cortex 
C) cerebellum 
D) amygdala B

Question 3

Participants in a decision-making study in which they had to decide among 6 or 12 apartments often eliminated some alternatives on the basis of one or two dimensions.This is an example of the strategy called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) MAUT 
B) EU 
C) elimination by aspects 
D) normative behavior 
A) MAUT 
B) EU 
C) elimination by aspects 
D) normative behavior C

Question 4

The representativeness heuristic causes us to erroneously judge words with "L" as their first letter to be more common than words with "L" as their third letter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

According to Kahneman and Tversky,which of the following gas stations would you be most likely to choose to go to?

Accepted Answer

A) "Using your credit card will incur a 10 cent surcharge." 
B) "Receive a 20 cent discount when you use cash!" 
C) "Our prices never fluctuate!" 
D) You would be equally likely to choose any of these. 
A) "Using your credit card will incur a 10 cent surcharge." 
B) "Receive a 20 cent discount when you use cash!" 
C) "Our prices never fluctuate!" 
D) You would be equally likely to choose any of these.

Question 6

The phase of decision making that involves finding a way to organize information is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) goal setting 
B) planning 
C) structuring the decision 
D) evaluating 
A) goal setting 
B) planning 
C) structuring the decision 
D) evaluating

Question 7

Cosmides believes that evolution has pressured human beings to become very adept at reasoning about ______.

Accepted Answer

A) food sources 
B) social contracts 
C) safety issues 
D) abstract rules 
A) food sources 
B) social contracts 
C) safety issues 
D) abstract rules

Question 8

People have more difficulty working with ______.

Accepted Answer

A) premises that have negatives in them (as opposed to those that do not) 
B) quantifiers such as "all" or "no" 
C) quantifiers such as "some" 
D) premises that have negatives in them,and quantifiers such as "some" 
A) premises that have negatives in them (as opposed to those that do not) 
B) quantifiers such as "all" or "no" 
C) quantifiers such as "some" 
D) premises that have negatives in them,and quantifiers such as "some"

Question 9

Some members of the Jones family are tall.Some tall people play basketball.Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Logically,some members of the Jones family play basketball. 
B) Logically,no members of the Jones family play basketball. 
C) Most people assume that some members of the Jones family play basketball. 
D) Most people assume that all members of the Jones family play basketball. 
A) Logically,some members of the Jones family play basketball. 
B) Logically,no members of the Jones family play basketball. 
C) Most people assume that some members of the Jones family play basketball. 
D) Most people assume that all members of the Jones family play basketball.

Question 10

Which of the following decision-making models best describes the way that experts might make decisions?

Accepted Answer

A) MAUT 
B) expected utility 
C) image theory 
D) recognition-primed decision making 
A) MAUT 
B) expected utility 
C) image theory 
D) recognition-primed decision making

Question 11

Many Americans believed in October of 2016 that Hillary Clinton would win the presidential election.However,after Donald Trump won a narrow victory,many people argued that they "knew all along" that his opponent had no chance.This is an illustration of the ______.

Accepted Answer

A) gambler's fallacy 
B) availability heuristic 
C) hindsight bias 
D) illusory correlation 
A) gambler's fallacy 
B) availability heuristic 
C) hindsight bias 
D) illusory correlation

Question 12

Patients with prefrontal cortex damage tend to show deficits in their ______.

Accepted Answer

A) intelligence 
B) semantic memory 
C) working memory 
D) inductive reasoning 
A) intelligence 
B) semantic memory 
C) working memory 
D) inductive reasoning

Question 13

If P,then Q.P is true.Therefore,Q is true.This represents an instance of modus ponens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Based on principles of overconfidence,you'd expect that a participant with ______ confidence to have ______ accuracy.

Accepted Answer

A) 50%;50% 
B) 80%;60% 
C) 10%;90% 
D) 30%;45% 
A) 50%;50% 
B) 80%;60% 
C) 10%;90% 
D) 30%;45%

Question 15

When Wason's four-card task is replaced with an everyday problem about checking the identification of people who are drinking Coke and beer,______.

Accepted Answer

A) people still neglect modus tollens in their responses 
B) people turn over all four cards instead of the two that are necessary and sufficient 
C) people turn over only one card instead of the two that are necessary and sufficient 
D) about 75% of participants solve the problem correctly 
A) people still neglect modus tollens in their responses 
B) people turn over all four cards instead of the two that are necessary and sufficient 
C) people turn over only one card instead of the two that are necessary and sufficient 
D) about 75% of participants solve the problem correctly

Question 16

The normative model for integrating different dimensions of a complex decision is called MAUT.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The gambler's fallacy is thought of as a special instance of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) framing 
B) availability 
C) belief in the law of small numbers 
D) hindsight 
A) framing 
B) availability 
C) belief in the law of small numbers 
D) hindsight

Question 18

The tendency to seek out information that supports our current beliefs is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) a believability effect 
B) a content effect 
C) a confirmation bias 
D) syllogistic reasoning 
A) a believability effect 
B) a content effect 
C) a confirmation bias 
D) syllogistic reasoning

Question 19

If performed correctly,deductive reasoning can be said to have ______.This means that it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false.

Accepted Answer

A) inductive strength 
B) deductive strength 
C) inductive validity 
D) deductive validity 
A) inductive strength 
B) deductive strength 
C) inductive validity 
D) deductive validity

Question 20

A ______ table shows all possible algorithmic outcomes of a propositional reasoning problem.

Accepted Answer

A) solution 
B) reasoning 
C) choice 
D) truth 
A) solution 
B) reasoning 
C) choice 
D) truth

Deductive reasoning leads to conclusions,while inductive reasoning leads to conclusions.

The case study of Phineas Gage implicated which brain region in reasoning and decision making?

Participants in a decision-making study in which they had to decide among 6 or 12 apartments often eliminated some alternatives on the basis of one or two dimensions.This is an example of the strategy called ______.

The representativeness heuristic causes us to erroneously judge words with "L" as their first letter to be more common than words with "L" as their third letter.

According to Kahneman and Tversky,which of the following gas stations would you be most likely to choose to go to?

The phase of decision making that involves finding a way to organize information is called ______.

Cosmides believes that evolution has pressured human beings to become very adept at reasoning about ______.

People have more difficulty working with ______.

Some members of the Jones family are tall.Some tall people play basketball.Which of the following is true?

Which of the following decision-making models best describes the way that experts might make decisions?

Many Americans believed in October of 2016 that Hillary Clinton would win the presidential election.However,after Donald Trump won a narrow victory,many people argued that they "knew all along" that his opponent had no chance.This is an illustration of the ______.

Patients with prefrontal cortex damage tend to show deficits in their ______.

If P,then Q.P is true.Therefore,Q is true.This represents an instance of modus ponens.

Based on principles of overconfidence,you'd expect that a participant with confidence to have accuracy.

When Wason's four-card task is replaced with an everyday problem about checking the identification of people who are drinking Coke and beer,______.

The normative model for integrating different dimensions of a complex decision is called MAUT.

The gambler's fallacy is thought of as a special instance of ______.

The tendency to seek out information that supports our current beliefs is called ______.

If performed correctly,deductive reasoning can be said to have ______.This means that it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false.

A ______ table shows all possible algorithmic outcomes of a propositional reasoning problem.

Cognitive Psychology: History, methods, and Paradigms

The Brain: an Overview of Structure and Function

Perception: Recognizing Patterns and Objects

Attention: Deploying Cognitive Resources

Working Memory: Forming and Using New Memory Traces

Retrieving Memories From Long-Term Storage

The Reconstructive Nature of Memory

Knowledge Representation: Storing and Organizing

Visual Imagery and Spatial Cognition

Language

Thinking and Problem Solving

Cognitive Development Through Adolescence

Individual Differences in Cognition

Cognition in Cross-Cultural Perspective

Filters

Exam 12: Reasoning and Decision Making

Deductive reasoning leads to ______ conclusions,while inductive reasoning leads to ______ conclusions.

The case study of Phineas Gage implicated which brain region in reasoning and decision making?

Participants in a decision-making study in which they had to decide among 6 or 12 apartments often eliminated some alternatives on the basis of one or two dimensions.This is an example of the strategy called ______.

The representativeness heuristic causes us to erroneously judge words with "L" as their first letter to be more common than words with "L" as their third letter.

According to Kahneman and Tversky,which of the following gas stations would you be most likely to choose to go to?

The phase of decision making that involves finding a way to organize information is called ______.

Cosmides believes that evolution has pressured human beings to become very adept at reasoning about ______.

People have more difficulty working with ______.

Some members of the Jones family are tall.Some tall people play basketball.Which of the following is true?

Which of the following decision-making models best describes the way that experts might make decisions?

Many Americans believed in October of 2016 that Hillary Clinton would win the presidential election.However,after Donald Trump won a narrow victory,many people argued that they "knew all along" that his opponent had no chance.This is an illustration of the ______.

Patients with prefrontal cortex damage tend to show deficits in their ______.

If P,then Q.P is true.Therefore,Q is true.This represents an instance of modus ponens.

Based on principles of overconfidence,you'd expect that a participant with ______ confidence to have ______ accuracy.

When Wason's four-card task is replaced with an everyday problem about checking the identification of people who are drinking Coke and beer,______.

The normative model for integrating different dimensions of a complex decision is called MAUT.

The gambler's fallacy is thought of as a special instance of ______.

The tendency to seek out information that supports our current beliefs is called ______.

If performed correctly,deductive reasoning can be said to have ______.This means that it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false.

A ______ table shows all possible algorithmic outcomes of a propositional reasoning problem.

Cognitive Psychology: History, methods, and Paradigms

The Brain: an Overview of Structure and Function

Perception: Recognizing Patterns and Objects

Attention: Deploying Cognitive Resources

Working Memory: Forming and Using New Memory Traces

Retrieving Memories From Long-Term Storage

The Reconstructive Nature of Memory

Knowledge Representation: Storing and Organizing

Visual Imagery and Spatial Cognition

Language

Thinking and Problem Solving

Cognitive Development Through Adolescence

Individual Differences in Cognition

Cognition in Cross-Cultural Perspective

Filters

Deductive reasoning leads to conclusions,while inductive reasoning leads to conclusions.

Based on principles of overconfidence,you'd expect that a participant with confidence to have accuracy.