Question 1

Mental set in problem solving is similar to perceptual set in pattern recognition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Experts spend less time analyzing a problem and more time trying possible solutions than novices do.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Gick and Holyoak's work on reasoning by analogy showed that ______.

Accepted Answer

A) subjects were unable to reason from analogy,even if told to do so 
B) most subjects could use the "general" story to solve the tumor problem,but only if they were explicitly told to use it 
C) subjects could reason from analogy without being explicitly told to do so if they saw two analogous problems to the tumor problem 
D) subjects could reason from analogy after either (1)being explicitly told to do so,or (2)having seen two analogous problems,but otherwise they did not spontaneously reason from analogy 
A) subjects were unable to reason from analogy,even if told to do so 
B) most subjects could use the "general" story to solve the tumor problem,but only if they were explicitly told to use it 
C) subjects could reason from analogy without being explicitly told to do so if they saw two analogous problems to the tumor problem 
D) subjects could reason from analogy after either (1)being explicitly told to do so,or (2)having seen two analogous problems,but otherwise they did not spontaneously reason from analogy D

Question 4

According to Perkins (1981),creativity or creative thinking is ______.

Accepted Answer

A) limited to a small set of "creative people" 
B) limited to a small set of completely "noncreative people" 
C) a phenomenon that very few people ever experience 
D) similar among both "creative" and "noncreative" people 
A) limited to a small set of "creative people" 
B) limited to a small set of completely "noncreative people" 
C) a phenomenon that very few people ever experience 
D) similar among both "creative" and "noncreative" people

Question 5

The ______ is to mental set as the ______ is to functional fixedness.

Accepted Answer

A) water jar problem;tumor problem 
B) tumor problem;string problem 
C) string problem;general problem 
D) water jar problem;string problem 
A) water jar problem;tumor problem 
B) tumor problem;string problem 
C) string problem;general problem 
D) water jar problem;string problem

Question 6

Adoption of a rigid mental set toward an object is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) well-defined thinking 
B) ill-defined thinking 
C) functional fixedness 
D) object set 
A) well-defined thinking 
B) ill-defined thinking 
C) functional fixedness 
D) object set

Question 7

Patient P.F. ,an architect who suffered stroke damage to his right prefrontal cortex,was later unable to ______.

Accepted Answer

A) communicate through spoken language 
B) understand instructions 
C) access his knowledge base 
D) move from problem structuring to a developed and detailed design 
A) communicate through spoken language 
B) understand instructions 
C) access his knowledge base 
D) move from problem structuring to a developed and detailed design

Question 8

The problem-solving technique of ______ involves comparing the goal with the starting point,thinking of possible ways to overcome the distance between them,and choosing the best one.

Accepted Answer

A) generate-and-test 
B) means-end analysis 
C) reasoning by analogy 
D) mental set 
A) generate-and-test 
B) means-end analysis 
C) reasoning by analogy 
D) mental set

Question 9

According to Perkins,good critical thinking requires ______.

Accepted Answer

A) a large knowledge base 
B) raising objections to one's own ideas 
C) persistence at working with one mental scenario 
D) a large knowledge base and a willingness to raise objections to one's own ideas 
A) a large knowledge base 
B) raising objections to one's own ideas 
C) persistence at working with one mental scenario 
D) a large knowledge base and a willingness to raise objections to one's own ideas

Question 10

______ are programs designed to model the judgments of experts in a particular field.

Accepted Answer

A) Expert systems 
B) Expert algorithms 
C) Expert operations 
D) Expert heuristics 
A) Expert systems 
B) Expert algorithms 
C) Expert operations 
D) Expert heuristics

Question 11

When attempting to solve a problem,all possible outcomes (and the means to complete them)comprise a mental graph called the ______ space.

Accepted Answer

A) problem 
B) mental 
C) configuration 
D) solution 
A) problem 
B) mental 
C) configuration 
D) solution

Question 12

Research has conclusively shown that taking a break from solving a problem will lead you to find the solution more quickly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The problem space hypothesis helps us to understand how problem solving can be blocked by ______.

Accepted Answer

A) incomplete representations 
B) means-end analysis 
C) working backward 
D) mental set 
A) incomplete representations 
B) means-end analysis 
C) working backward 
D) mental set

Question 14

The prefrontal cortex is involved in the ability to plan and solve problems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following is a problem when studying incubation effects?

Accepted Answer

A) It is difficult to create an experimental design where participants take a break. 
B) It is difficult to ensure that participants do not think about the problem during the incubation period. 
C) It is difficult to create a problem which may benefit from incubation. 
D) It is difficult to get participants to respond to a problem after an incubation period. 
A) It is difficult to create an experimental design where participants take a break. 
B) It is difficult to ensure that participants do not think about the problem during the incubation period. 
C) It is difficult to create a problem which may benefit from incubation. 
D) It is difficult to get participants to respond to a problem after an incubation period.

Question 16

How do expert problem solvers differ from non-experts?

Accepted Answer

At least three specific differences,such

Question 17

"Taking a break from problem solving helps you achieve a solution because your brain works on the problem unconsciously while you are away from it." Discuss the evidence for or against this statement.

Accepted Answer

Note that the evidence for such an incub

Question 18

The domino and checkerboard problem is a good example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) an ill-defined problem 
B) functional fixedness 
C) mental set 
D) incomplete representation 
A) an ill-defined problem 
B) functional fixedness 
C) mental set 
D) incomplete representation

Question 19

Although at times inconclusive,research on contrary recognition and incubation suggest that creativity can be defined as ______.

Accepted Answer

A) the creator's value for original results 
B) the creator's ability to withstand lots of failure 
C) the creator's ability to plan and carry out that plan 
D) all of these 
A) the creator's value for original results 
B) the creator's ability to withstand lots of failure 
C) the creator's ability to plan and carry out that plan 
D) all of these

Question 20

When one recalls the solution to an old problem and uses it to solve a new,similarly structured problem,one has reasoned by______.

Accepted Answer

A) introspection 
B) analysis 
C) analogy 
D) backtracking 
A) introspection 
B) analysis 
C) analogy 
D) backtracking

Mental set in problem solving is similar to perceptual set in pattern recognition.

Experts spend less time analyzing a problem and more time trying possible solutions than novices do.

Gick and Holyoak's work on reasoning by analogy showed that ______.

According to Perkins (1981),creativity or creative thinking is ______.

The is to mental set as the is to functional fixedness.

Adoption of a rigid mental set toward an object is called ______.

Patient P.F. ,an architect who suffered stroke damage to his right prefrontal cortex,was later unable to ______.

The problem-solving technique of ______ involves comparing the goal with the starting point,thinking of possible ways to overcome the distance between them,and choosing the best one.

According to Perkins,good critical thinking requires ______.

______ are programs designed to model the judgments of experts in a particular field.

When attempting to solve a problem,all possible outcomes (and the means to complete them)comprise a mental graph called the ______ space.

Research has conclusively shown that taking a break from solving a problem will lead you to find the solution more quickly.

The problem space hypothesis helps us to understand how problem solving can be blocked by ______.

The prefrontal cortex is involved in the ability to plan and solve problems.

Which of the following is a problem when studying incubation effects?

How do expert problem solvers differ from non-experts?

"Taking a break from problem solving helps you achieve a solution because your brain works on the problem unconsciously while you are away from it." Discuss the evidence for or against this statement.

The domino and checkerboard problem is a good example of ______.

Although at times inconclusive,research on contrary recognition and incubation suggest that creativity can be defined as ______.

When one recalls the solution to an old problem and uses it to solve a new,similarly structured problem,one has reasoned by______.

Cognitive Psychology: History, methods, and Paradigms

The Brain: an Overview of Structure and Function

Perception: Recognizing Patterns and Objects

Attention: Deploying Cognitive Resources

Working Memory: Forming and Using New Memory Traces

Retrieving Memories From Long-Term Storage

The Reconstructive Nature of Memory

Knowledge Representation: Storing and Organizing

Visual Imagery and Spatial Cognition

Language

Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Through Adolescence

Individual Differences in Cognition

Cognition in Cross-Cultural Perspective

Filters

Exam 11: Thinking and Problem Solving

Mental set in problem solving is similar to perceptual set in pattern recognition.

Experts spend less time analyzing a problem and more time trying possible solutions than novices do.

Gick and Holyoak's work on reasoning by analogy showed that ______.

According to Perkins (1981),creativity or creative thinking is ______.

The ______ is to mental set as the ______ is to functional fixedness.

Adoption of a rigid mental set toward an object is called ______.

Patient P.F. ,an architect who suffered stroke damage to his right prefrontal cortex,was later unable to ______.

The problem-solving technique of ______ involves comparing the goal with the starting point,thinking of possible ways to overcome the distance between them,and choosing the best one.

According to Perkins,good critical thinking requires ______.

______ are programs designed to model the judgments of experts in a particular field.

When attempting to solve a problem,all possible outcomes (and the means to complete them)comprise a mental graph called the ______ space.

Research has conclusively shown that taking a break from solving a problem will lead you to find the solution more quickly.

The problem space hypothesis helps us to understand how problem solving can be blocked by ______.

The prefrontal cortex is involved in the ability to plan and solve problems.

Which of the following is a problem when studying incubation effects?

How do expert problem solvers differ from non-experts?

"Taking a break from problem solving helps you achieve a solution because your brain works on the problem unconsciously while you are away from it." Discuss the evidence for or against this statement.

The domino and checkerboard problem is a good example of ______.

Although at times inconclusive,research on contrary recognition and incubation suggest that creativity can be defined as ______.

When one recalls the solution to an old problem and uses it to solve a new,similarly structured problem,one has reasoned by______.

Cognitive Psychology: History, methods, and Paradigms

The Brain: an Overview of Structure and Function

Perception: Recognizing Patterns and Objects

Attention: Deploying Cognitive Resources

Working Memory: Forming and Using New Memory Traces

Retrieving Memories From Long-Term Storage

The Reconstructive Nature of Memory

Knowledge Representation: Storing and Organizing

Visual Imagery and Spatial Cognition

Language

Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Through Adolescence

Individual Differences in Cognition

Cognition in Cross-Cultural Perspective

Filters

The is to mental set as the is to functional fixedness.